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TreeMap简介
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推荐查看此篇文章之前首先查看 HashMap源码分析 效果更佳哦
TreeMap在jdk 1.8中使用用的是红黑树的结构来进行存储的,一个典型的红黑树就如下图所示:
而这个结构在代码中表现是这样的:
/**
* 红黑树节点
*/
static final class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
K key;
V value;
TreeMap.Entry<K,V> left;
TreeMap.Entry<K,V> right;
TreeMap.Entry<K,V> parent;
boolean color = BLACK;
Entry(K key, V value, TreeMap.Entry<K,V> parent) {
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
this.parent = parent;
}
}
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TreeMap的属性
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TreeMap的一些基础属性:
// 比较器对象
private final Comparator<? super K> comparator;
//根节点对象
private transient TreeMap.Entry<K,V> root;
//集合的大小
private transient int size = 0;
//结构被修改的次数
private transient int modCount = 0;
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TreeMap的构造方法
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/**
* 使用默认比较器
* key的类型是什么
* 就采用该类型的compareTo方法来比较大小
* 例如key为String类型,就会用String类的compareTo方法比对大小
*/
public TreeMap() {
comparator = null;
}
/**
* 指定比较器
*/
public TreeMap(Comparator<? super K> comparator) {
this.comparator = comparator;
}
/**
* 添加集合
*/
public TreeMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
comparator = null;
putAll(m);
}
/**
* 将m转换为TreeMap,使用m的比较器
*/
public TreeMap(SortedMap<K, ? extends V> m) {
comparator = m.comparator();
try {
buildFromSorted(m.size(), m.entrySet().iterator(), null, null);
} catch (java.io.IOException cannotHappen) {
} catch (ClassNotFoundException cannotHappen) {
}
}
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HashMap的添加方法
◆
/**
* 添加方法
*/
public V put(K key, V value) {
TreeMap.Entry<K,V> t = root;
//如果跟节点为空,把此节点置为跟节点
if (t == null) {
compare(key, key); // type (and possibly null) check
root = new TreeMap.Entry<>(key, value, null);
size = 1;
modCount++;
return null;
}
int cmp;
TreeMap.Entry<K,V> parent;
// split comparator and comparable paths
Comparator<? super K> cpr = comparator;]
//如果指定比较器
if (cpr != null) {
//循环比较,插入到合适的位置
do {
parent = t;
cmp = cpr.compare(key, t.key);
if (cmp < 0)
t = t.left;
else if (cmp > 0)
t = t.right;
else
return t.setValue(value);
} while (t != null);
}
// 如果比较器对象为空,使用默认的比较机制
else {
if (key == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Comparable<? super K> k = (Comparable<? super K>) key;
do {
parent = t;
cmp = k.compareTo(t.key);
if (cmp < 0)
t = t.left;
else if (cmp > 0)
t = t.right;
else
return t.setValue(value);
} while (t != null);
}
// 根据key找到父节点后新建一个节点
TreeMap.Entry<K,V> e = new TreeMap.Entry<>(key, value, parent);
// 根据比较的结果来确定放在左子树还是右子树
if (cmp < 0)
parent.left = e;
else
parent.right = e;
// 插入完成,红黑树的结构会被破坏,执行红黑树的恢复操作
fixAfterInsertion(e);
//集合大小增加
size++;
//修改次数增加
modCount++;
return null;
}
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TreeMap的查找
◆
/**
* 根据key获取
*/
public V get(Object key) {
TreeMap.Entry<K,V> p = getEntry(key);
return (p==null ? null : p.value);
}
/**
* 根据key获取Entry对象
*/
final TreeMap.Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
// Offload comparator-based version for sake of performance
if (comparator != null)
return getEntryUsingComparator(key);
if (key == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Comparable<? super K> k = (Comparable<? super K>) key;
TreeMap.Entry<K,V> p = root;
//循环遍历查找
while (p != null) {
int cmp = k.compareTo(p.key);
if (cmp < 0)
p = p.left;
else if (cmp > 0)
p = p.right;
else
return p;
}
return null;
}
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TreeMap的删除
◆
/**
* 删除节点
*/
public V remove(Object key) {
//查找元素是否存在
TreeMap.Entry<K,V> p = getEntry(key);
if (p == null)
return null;
V oldValue = p.value;
//调用具体的删除方法
deleteEntry(p);
return oldValue;
}
/**
* 具体的删除方法
*/
private void deleteEntry(TreeMap.Entry<K,V> p) {
modCount++;
size--;
// 如果待删除节点有两个子节点
if (p.left != null && p.right != null) {
TreeMap.Entry<K,V> s = successor(p);
p.key = s.key;
p.value = s.value;
p = s;
} // p has 2 children
// Start fixup at replacement node, if it exists.
TreeMap.Entry<K,V> replacement = (p.left != null ? p.left : p.right);
//待删除节点只有一个孩子
if (replacement != null) {
// Link replacement to parent
replacement.parent = p.parent;
if (p.parent == null)
root = replacement;
else if (p == p.parent.left)
p.parent.left = replacement;
else
p.parent.right = replacement;
// Null out links so they are OK to use by fixAfterDeletion.
p.left = p.right = p.parent = null;
// Fix replacement
if (p.color == BLACK)
fixAfterDeletion(replacement);
//如果是根节点
} else if (p.parent == null) { // return if we are the only node.
root = null;
} else { // 没有子节点
if (p.color == BLACK)
fixAfterDeletion(p);
if (p.parent != null) {
if (p == p.parent.left)
p.parent.left = null;
else if (p == p.parent.right)
p.parent.right = null;
p.parent = null;
}
}
}
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