本文介绍了一种使用Java生成Word文档的方法，包括文本替换、图片插入及表格数据动态填充等功能。通过示例代码展示了如何利用Apache POI库实现这些功能。
模板样式：
运行结果：
需要的jar包：
<!-- poi Excel、Word操作-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml-schemas</artifactId>
<version>3.9</version>
</dependency>文件目录结构：
Test类：
package cn.gl.word;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//需要进行文本替换的信息
Map<String, Object> data = new HashMap<String, Object>();
data.put("${date}", "2018-03-06");
data.put("${name}", "东方明珠");
data.put("${address}", "上海黄浦江附近");
data.put("${communityValue}", "");
data.put("${safetyCode}", "东方社区");
data.put("${picture2}", "");
data.put("${picture3}", "");
data.put("${buildingValue2}", "漫展提示");
data.put("${patrolPhoto1}", "");
data.put("${patrolPhoto2}", "");
data.put("${buildingValue3}", "中国标语");
//图片，如果是多个图片，就新建多个map
Map<String,Object> picture1 = new HashMap<String, Object>();
picture1.put("width", 100);
picture1.put("height", 150);
picture1.put("type", "jpg");
picture1.put("content", WorderToNewWordUtils.inputStream2ByteArray(new FileInputStream("template/c1.jpg"), true));
data.put("${picture1}",picture1);
//需要进行动态生成的信息
Map<String,Object> mapList = new HashMap<String, Object>();
//第一个动态生成的数据列表
List<String[]> list01 = new ArrayList<String[]>();
list01.add(new String[]{"A","美女好看"});
list01.add(new String[]{"A","美女好多"});
list01.add(new String[]{"B","漫展人太多"});
list01.add(new String[]{"C","妹子穿的很清凉"});
//第二个动态生成的数据列表
List<String> list02 = new ArrayList<String>();
list02.add("1、民主");
list02.add("2、富强");
list02.add("3、文明");
list02.add("4、和谐");
mapList.put("list01", list01);
mapList.put("list02", list02);
CustomXWPFDocument doc = WorderToNewWordUtils.changWord("template/demo.docx",data,mapList);
FileOutputStream fopts = new FileOutputStream("D:/呵呵.docx");
doc.write(fopts);
fopts.close();
}
}
WorderToNewWordUtils类：
package cn.gl.word;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import org.apache.poi.POIXMLDocument;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFParagraph;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFRun;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFTable;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFTableCell;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFTableRow;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTHMerge;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTTcPr;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTVMerge;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.STMerge;
public class WorderToNewWordUtils {
/**
* 根据模板生成word文档
* @param inputUrl 模板路径
* @param textMap 需要替换的文本内容
* @param mapList 需要动态生成的内容
* @return
*/
public static CustomXWPFDocument changWord(String inputUrl, Map<String, Object> textMap, Map<String, Object> mapList) {
CustomXWPFDocument document = null;
try {
//获取docx解析对象
document = new CustomXWPFDocument(POIXMLDocument.openPackage(inputUrl));
//解析替换文本段落对象
WorderToNewWordUtils.changeText(document, textMap);
//解析替换表格对象
WorderToNewWordUtils.changeTable(document, textMap, mapList);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return document;
}
/**
* 替换段落文本
* @param document docx解析对象
* @param textMap 需要替换的信息集合
*/
public static void changeText(CustomXWPFDocument document, Map<String, Object> textMap){
//获取段落集合
List<XWPFParagraph> paragraphs = document.getParagraphs();
for (XWPFParagraph paragraph : paragraphs) {
//判断此段落时候需要进行替换
String text = paragraph.getText();
System.out.println(text);
if(checkText(text)){
List<XWPFRun> runs = paragraph.getRuns();
for (XWPFRun run : runs) {
//替换模板原来位置
Object ob = changeValue(run.toString(), textMap);
if (ob instanceof String){
run.setText((String)ob,0);
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* 替换表格对象方法
* @param document docx解析对象
* @param textMap 需要替换的信息集合
* @param mapList 需要动态生成的内容
*/
public static void changeTable(CustomXWPFDocument document, Map<String, Object> textMap,Map<String, Object> mapList){
//获取表格对象集合
List<XWPFTable> tables = document.getTables();
//循环所有需要进行替换的文本，进行替换
for (int i = 0; i < tables.size(); i++) {
XWPFTable table = tables.get(i);
if(checkText(table.getText())){
List<XWPFTableRow> rows = table.getRows();
//遍历表格,并替换模板
eachTable(document,rows, textMap);
}
}
List<String[]> list01 = (List<String[]>) mapList.get("list01");
List<String> list02 = (List<String>) mapList.get("list02");
//操作word中的表格
for (int i = 0; i < tables.size(); i++) {
//只处理行数大于等于2的表格，且不循环表头
XWPFTable table = tables.get(i);
//第二个表格使用daList，插入数据
if (null != list01 && 0 < list01.size() && i == 1){
insertTable(table, null,list01,2);
List<Integer[]> indexList = startEnd(list01);
for (int c=0;c<indexList.size();c++){
//合并行
mergeCellVertically(table,0,indexList.get(c)[0]+1,indexList.get(c)[1]+1);
}
}
//第四个表格使用tableList，插入数据
if (null != list02 && 0 < list02.size() && i == 3){
insertTable(table, list02,null,4);
}
}
}
/**
* 遍历表格
* @param rows 表格行对象
* @param textMap 需要替换的信息集合
*/
public static void eachTable(CustomXWPFDocument document,List<XWPFTableRow> rows ,Map<String, Object> textMap){
for (XWPFTableRow row : rows) {
List<XWPFTableCell> cells = row.getTableCells();
for (XWPFTableCell cell : cells) {
//判断单元格是否需要替换
if(checkText(cell.getText())){
List<XWPFParagraph> paragraphs = cell.getParagraphs();
for (XWPFParagraph paragraph : paragraphs) {
List<XWPFRun> runs = paragraph.getRuns();
for (XWPFRun run : runs) {
Object ob = changeValue(run.toString(), textMap);
if (ob instanceof String){
run.setText((String)ob,0);
}else if (ob instanceof Map){
run.setText("",0);
Map pic = (Map)ob;
int width = Integer.parseInt(pic.get("width").toString());
int height = Integer.parseInt(pic.get("height").toString());
int picType = getPictureType(pic.get("type").toString());
byte[] byteArray = (byte[]) pic.get("content");
ByteArrayInputStream byteInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArray);
try {
int ind = document.addPicture(byteInputStream,picType);
document.createPicture(ind, width , height,paragraph);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* 为表格插入数据，行数不够添加新行
* @param table 需要插入数据的表格
* @param tableList 第四个表格的插入数据
* @param daList 第二个表格的插入数据
* @param type 表格类型：1-第一个表格 2-第二个表格 3-第三个表格 4-第四个表格
*/
public static void insertTable(XWPFTable table, List<String> tableList,List<String[]> daList,Integer type){
if (2 == type){
//创建行和创建需要的列
for(int i = 1; i < daList.size(); i++){
XWPFTableRow row = table.insertNewTableRow(1);//添加一个新行
row.createCell();//添加第一个列
row.createCell();//添加第二个列
}
//创建行,根据需要插入的数据添加新行，不处理表头
for(int i = 0; i < daList.size(); i++){
List<XWPFTableCell> cells = table.getRow(i+1).getTableCells();
for(int j = 0; j < cells.size(); j++){
XWPFTableCell cell02 = cells.get(j);
cell02.setText(daList.get(i)[j]);
}
}
}else if (4 == type){
//插入表头下面第一行的数据
for(int i = 0; i < tableList.size(); i++){
XWPFTableRow row = table.createRow();
List<XWPFTableCell> cells = row.getTableCells();
cells.get(0).setText(tableList.get(i));
}
}
}
/**
* 判断文本中时候包含$
* @param text 文本
* @return 包含返回true,不包含返回false
*/
public static boolean checkText(String text){
boolean check = false;
if(text.indexOf("$")!= -1){
check = true;
}
return check;
}
/**
* 匹配传入信息集合与模板
* @param value 模板需要替换的区域
* @param textMap 传入信息集合
* @return 模板需要替换区域信息集合对应值
*/
public static Object changeValue(String value, Map<String, Object> textMap){
Set<Entry<String, Object>> textSets = textMap.entrySet();
Object valu = "";
for (Entry<String, Object> textSet : textSets) {
//匹配模板与替换值 格式${key}
String key = textSet.getKey();
if(value.indexOf(key)!= -1){
valu = textSet.getValue();
}
}
return valu;
}
/**
* 将输入流中的数据写入字节数组
* @param in
* @return
*/
public static byte[] inputStream2ByteArray(InputStream in,boolean isClose){
byte[] byteArray = null;
try {
int total = in.available();
byteArray = new byte[total];
in.read(byteArray);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(isClose){
try {
in.close();
} catch (Exception e2) {
System.out.println("关闭流失败");
}
}
}
return byteArray;
}
/**
* 根据图片类型，取得对应的图片类型代码
* @param picType
* @return int
*/
private static int getPictureType(String picType){
int res = CustomXWPFDocument.PICTURE_TYPE_PICT;
if(picType != null){
if(picType.equalsIgnoreCase("png")){
res = CustomXWPFDocument.PICTURE_TYPE_PNG;
}else if(picType.equalsIgnoreCase("dib")){
res = CustomXWPFDocument.PICTURE_TYPE_DIB;
}else if(picType.equalsIgnoreCase("emf")){
res = CustomXWPFDocument.PICTURE_TYPE_EMF;
}else if(picType.equalsIgnoreCase("jpg") || picType.equalsIgnoreCase("jpeg")){
res = CustomXWPFDocument.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG;
}else if(picType.equalsIgnoreCase("wmf")){
res = CustomXWPFDocument.PICTURE_TYPE_WMF;
}
}
return res;
}
/**
* 合并行
* @param table
* @param col 需要合并的列
* @param fromRow 开始行
* @param toRow 结束行
*/
public static void mergeCellVertically(XWPFTable table, int col, int fromRow, int toRow) {
for(int rowIndex = fromRow; rowIndex <= toRow; rowIndex++){
CTVMerge vmerge = CTVMerge.Factory.newInstance();
if(rowIndex == fromRow){
vmerge.setVal(STMerge.RESTART);
} else {
vmerge.setVal(STMerge.CONTINUE);
}
XWPFTableCell cell = table.getRow(rowIndex).getCell(col);
CTTcPr tcPr = cell.getCTTc().getTcPr();
if (tcPr != null) {
tcPr.setVMerge(vmerge);
} else {
tcPr = CTTcPr.Factory.newInstance();
tcPr.setVMerge(vmerge);
cell.getCTTc().setTcPr(tcPr);
}
}
}
//列合并 ，有点问题，用不了
public static void mergeCellHorizontally(XWPFTable table, int row, int fromCol, int toCol) {
for(int colIndex = fromCol; colIndex <= toCol; colIndex++){
CTHMerge hmerge = CTHMerge.Factory.newInstance();
if(colIndex == fromCol){
hmerge.setVal(STMerge.RESTART);
} else {
hmerge.setVal(STMerge.CONTINUE);
}
XWPFTableCell cell = table.getRow(row).getCell(colIndex);
CTTcPr tcPr = cell.getCTTc().getTcPr();
if (tcPr != null) {
tcPr.setHMerge(hmerge);
} else {
tcPr = CTTcPr.Factory.newInstance();
tcPr.setHMerge(hmerge);
cell.getCTTc().setTcPr(tcPr);
}
}
}
/**
* 获取需要合并单元格的下标
* @return
*/
public static List<Integer[]> startEnd(List<String[]> daList){
List<Integer[]> indexList = new ArrayList<Integer[]>();
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i=0;i<daList.size();i++){
list.add(daList.get(i)[0]);
}
Map<Object, Integer> tm = new HashMap<Object, Integer>();
for (int i=0;i<daList.size();i++){
if (!tm.containsKey(daList.get(i)[0])) {
tm.put(daList.get(i)[0], 1);
} else {
int count = tm.get(daList.get(i)[0]) + 1;
tm.put(daList.get(i)[0], count);
}
}
for (Map.Entry<Object, Integer> entry : tm.entrySet()) {
String key = entry.getKey().toString();
String value = entry.getValue().toString();
if (list.indexOf(key) != (-1)){
Integer[] index = new Integer[2];
index[0] = list.indexOf(key);
index[1] = list.lastIndexOf(key);
indexList.add(index);
}
}
return indexList;
}
}
CustomXWPFDocument类：
package cn.gl.word;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFParagraph;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlException;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlToken;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.main.CTNonVisualDrawingProps;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.main.CTPositiveSize2D;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.wordprocessingDrawing.CTInline;
/**
* 自定义 XWPFDocument，并重写 createPicture()方法
*/
public class CustomXWPFDocument extends XWPFDocument {
public CustomXWPFDocument(InputStream in) throws IOException {
super(in);
}
public CustomXWPFDocument() {
super();
}
public CustomXWPFDocument(OPCPackage pkg) throws IOException {
super(pkg);
}
/**
* @param id
* @param width 宽
* @param height 高
* @param paragraph 段落
*/
public void createPicture(int id, int width, int height,XWPFParagraph paragraph) {
final int EMU = 9525;
width *= EMU;
height *= EMU;
String blipId = getAllPictures().get(id).getPackageRelationship().getId();
CTInline inline = paragraph.createRun().getCTR().addNewDrawing().addNewInline();
System.out.println(blipId+":"+inline);
String picXml = ""
+ "<a:graphic xmlns:a=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/main\">"
+ " <a:graphicData uri=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/picture\">"
+ " <pic:pic xmlns:pic=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/picture\">"
+ " <pic:nvPicPr>" + " <pic:cNvPr id=\""
+ id
+ "\" name=\"Generated\"/>"
+ " <pic:cNvPicPr/>"
+ " </pic:nvPicPr>"
+ " <pic:blipFill>"
+ " <a:blip r:embed=\""
+ blipId
+ "\" xmlns:r=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships\"/>"
+ " <a:stretch>"
+ " <a:fillRect/>"
+ " </a:stretch>"
+ " </pic:blipFill>"
+ " <pic:spPr>"
+ " <a:xfrm>"
+ " <a:off x=\"0\" y=\"0\"/>"
+ " <a:ext cx=\""
+ width
+ "\" cy=\""
+ height
+ "\"/>"
+ " </a:xfrm>"
+ " <a:prstGeom prst=\"rect\">"
+ " <a:avLst/>"
+ " </a:prstGeom>"
+ " </pic:spPr>"
+ " </pic:pic>"
+ " </a:graphicData>" + "</a:graphic>";
inline.addNewGraphic().addNewGraphicData();
XmlToken xmlToken = null;
try {
xmlToken = XmlToken.Factory.parse(picXml);
} catch (XmlException xe) {
xe.printStackTrace();
}
inline.set(xmlToken);
inline.setDistT(0);
inline.setDistB(0);
inline.setDistL(0);
inline.setDistR(0);
CTPositiveSize2D extent = inline.addNewExtent();
extent.setCx(width);
extent.setCy(height);
CTNonVisualDrawingProps docPr = inline.addNewDocPr();
docPr.setId(id);
docPr.setName("图片" + id);
docPr.setDescr("测试");
}
} 
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