Computer Terms

1 vulnerability
  ①the state of being vulnerable or exposed;
  ②susceptibility to injury or attack;
2 vulnerability security
  A bug or feature of a system that exposes it to possible attack, a flaw in the system's security.
  A common example of a vulnerability due to a bug is buffer overrun, where carefully constructed
  input can allow an attacker to insert arbitrary code into a running program and have it executed.
  The most serious vulnerabilities are those in network software, especially if they exploit traffic
  that is allowed through the firewall like HTTP, for example exploiting a bug in a web browser.
  The Open Source Vulnerability Database lists many vulnerabilities.
3.closure      [eg.the closure model supported by JavaScript Engine]
  In a reduction system, a closure is a data structure that holds an expression and an environment
  of variable bindings in which that expression is to be evaluated. The variables may be local or global.
  Closures are used to represent unevaluated expressions when implementing functional programming languages
  with lazy evaluation. In a real implementation, both expression and environment are represented by pointers.
  A suspension is a closure which includes a flag to say whether or not it has been evaluated.
  The term "thunk" has come to be synonymous with "closure" but originated outside functional programming.
4.network traffic
5.anchor & dock & align & padding
6.preemptive multitasking 抢先式多任务处理
7.RJ = Registered Jack 标准插座
8.CD-R = Compact Disc-Recordable 可写光盘
9.hand-held device
10.laptop computer  膝上型计算机
11.electronic commerce
12.blacklist & graylist & whitelist
13.hyphen
14.a piece of software
   A regular expression "engine" is a piece of software that can process regular expressions,
   trying to match the pattern to the given string.
15.broken link
   a connection in an HTML document to a URL that is not working properly,
   esp. because it goes to a Web page that is no longer available or which
   has moved to another server.
   eg.When a broken link is selected in a Web document, an error message appears on the screen.
16.full shape(full width) 全角  half shape(half width) 半角
17.Moon choice toggles Full/Half Shape.
   Full Shape are double-byte characters e.g. ａｂｃｄｅ.
   Half Shape are normal single-byte characters we use most of the time.
   The keyboard button toggles on-screen keyboard.
18.SBCS = single byte character set  
     DBCS = double byte character set
19.IME = Input Method Editor
20.collate
   [Computers]to merge (sequenced data from two or more data sets or files) to produce a new
   sequenced data set or file.
   collation  排序规则
21.Japanese Kanji  日本汉字   Korean Hangul 韩国文字
22.umbrella term
   An umbrella term is a word that provides a superset or grouping of related concepts,
   also called a hypernym.For example, cryptology is an umbrella term that encompasses
   cryptography and cryptanalysis, among other fields.Similarly, an "umbrella organization"
   can be an organization which is a central and coordinating body representing a number of
   smaller, separate bodies.
23.every nook and cranny
   something remote; "he explored every nook and cranny of science"
   eg.This chapter cannot explore every nook and cranny.
24 natural drift
     at a minimum
     cross-cutting   横切关注点
     tradeoff
    Analyze the [tradeoffs] between quality attributes
    over-engineer
    on a case-by-case basis
25 tight coupling      loose coupling
     highly cohesive   lowly cohesive
26 web farm 网络场(.NET Framework 类库文档中的翻译)
27 reclaim
     1.The pooler then tries to reclaim any connections until the time-out is reached
         (the default is 15  seconds).
        池进程尝试重新建立任何连接,直到到达超时时间(默认值为15 秒)。
     2.The connection pooler periodically scans connection pools looking for unused 
        connections that were not closed by Close or Dispose, and reclaims those it finds.
        连接池进程定期扫描连接池,查找没有通过 Close 或 Dispose 关闭的
        未用连接,并重新建立找到的连接。
28 pending
    Therefore, you can close the connection without generating an error, even though
    a distributed transaction is still pending. This allows you to commit or abort the
    distributed transaction at a later time.
    因此，即使分布式事务仍然挂起，仍可以关闭该连接而不会生成错误.
    这样，您就可以在随后提交或中止分布式事务。
29 connection pooling 连接池  pooler 池进程[或池管理程序]
30 ASCII/ˈæski/=American Standard Code for Information Interchange
31 CAPTCHA or Captcha/ˈkæptʃə/=Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell 
     Computers  and Humans Apart(全自动区分计算机和人类的图灵测试)