本文详细介绍了SpringMVC在Web开发中的集成步骤，包括添加相关依赖、配置Web.xml、注解与原生参数接收，以及常用注解如@RequestMapping的使用。
SpringMVC的具体使用(上)
1.在Web开发环境中集成
一.导入相关的包
（spring3.X之后的发布版都带有springMVC需要的包）
如果是maven项目则导入相关依赖
<!--web-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
二.配置Web.xml里的组件
<!-- DispatchServlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<!--初始化参数，指定mvc配置文件的位置-->
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/SpringMVC-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--Tomcat启动时创建-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
<!--接受所有以.do结尾的请求，也可以是所有请求-->
</servlet-mapping>
<!--全局初始化参数-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 配置监听器,对Appliaction进行监听，在Tomcat启动时监听appliaction的建立
读取上述全局初始化配置文件，建立bean工厂，然后放入application之中-->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
SpringMVC-servlet.xml(名字可以随便取，为了区别了spring的主配文件（applicationContext.xml）且叫它MVC配置文件)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
<!-- 开启注解-->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 扫描包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.MyTest.Controller" />
<!--配置方式使用springMVC的配置，注解方式可以忽略-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="/hello.do">shit</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
<!--实现Controller接口的类配置的bean,注解方式不用配
因为@Controller继承了@Component注解会在IOC容器注册一个bean-->
<bean id="shit" class="com.MyTest.Controller.HelloController"></bean>
<!--配置视图解析器，给返回的字符串加上前后缀，构成路径，以供跳转-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀 -->
<!-- <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> -->
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
spring主配文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--以上是一些常用的约束-->
<!--这里通常配置一些和其他东西集成用的组件，如数据源，事务管理器.....-->
</beans>
2.配置方式使用
实现Controller接口的控制器
public class HelloController implements Controller { //实现Controller接口
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("wdnmd", "WDNMDSDAW");//将数据放入modelandview(request)
mv.setViewName("success");
//返回视图模型或字符串，如果使用redirect:XXX则不会去使用视图解析器，
//自己要提供准确跳转路径
return mv;
}
}
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
<title>shit</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--发送交给DispatchServlet的请求-->
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/hello.do">ASSHOLE</a>
</body>
</html>
更具上面的配置进行跳转
<!--配置方式使用springMVC的配置，注解方式可以忽略-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<!--请求路径为key对应处理请求的Controller组件的id-->
<prop key="/hello.do">shit</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!--这个controller的id对应上面prop里的key，由它来处理上述请求-->
<bean id="shit" class="com.MyTest.Controller.HelloController"></bean>
跳转页面success.jsp：
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
show the result
</br>${wdnmd}
</body>
</html>
3.注解方式的使用
注解模式的controller
/**
*
* @ClassName: AnnoController
* @Description:注解方式的Controller
* @author: 黎翰
* @date: 2021年9月12日 下午5:36:01
* @Copyright:
*/
@Controller
public class AnnoController {
//设置请求路径设置的处理方法
@RequestMapping("/hello2.do")
public String HelloController(Model model) {
//向模型中添加数据
model.addAttribute("wdnmd", "这是注解方式的controller");
return "success"; //返回页面
}
}
4.@RequestMapping请求映射注解的相关
@requestmapping注解的可用属性
| value，value[] | 用于指定请求的URL,可以是字符串数组 |
|---|---|
| method | 请求的方式在requestType枚举里提供了get,post,put… |
| params | 用于指定限制请求参数的条件，支持表达式 |
| produces | 指定返回的数据类型及编码，通常是json或xml,配合@responsebody |
| consume | 指定传入的数据类型及编码，通常是json或xml |
| headers | 指定请求头信息，不符合则不会使用 |
相关注解
@GetMapping即为@RequestMapping(method=requestType.GET)
@PostMapping即为@RequestMapping(method=requestType.POST)
…
5.接收参数
SpringMVC接收参数可以自动转换类型，但有些也需要手动转换，可以自定义转换器。
下面列出接收参数的几种方式
一.原生方式，从request拿（不会自动转型）
测试用表单：
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>shit</title>
</head>
<body>
测试表单
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/testaction.do" method="post">
<span>姓名：</span><input type="text" name="theName" /><br>
<span>地址：</span><input type="text" name="thAddress" /><br>
<span>电话：</span><input type="text" name="thePhone" /><br>
<span>年龄：</span><input type="text" name="theAge" /><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交表单" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
处理方法：
@RequestMapping("/testaction.do") //对应请求路径
public void getParamsByRequest(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException{
//设置请求编码格式
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String name = request.getParameter("theName");
String address = request.getParameter("thAddress");
String phone = request.getParameter("thePhone");
//使用原生方式需要手工转型
int age = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("theAge"));
System.out.println("得到的参数为"+name+"|"+address+"|"+phone+"|"+age);
request.setAttribute("theName", name);
request.setAttribute("theAddress", address);
request.setAttribute("thePhone", phone);
request.setAttribute("theAge", age);
request.getRequestDispatcher("showresult.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
结果页面：
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
show the params<br>
<span>${theName}</span><br>
<span>${theAddress}</span><br>
<span>${thePhone}</span><br>
<span>${theAge}</span><br>
</body>
</html>
二.同名参数&@requestParam
可以通过同名参数进行自动传参，不同名则可通过@requestParams进行指定
@RequestMapping("testaction2.do")
public String getParamsByName(String theName,String theAddress,String thePhone,
@RequestParam(name="theAge")int Age,Model model) {
model.addAttribute("theName", theName);
model.addAttribute("theAddress", theAddress);
model.addAttribute("thePhone", thePhone);
model.addAttribute("theAge", Age);
return "showresult";
}
三.通过实体类传递
编写一个实体类去接收参数
public class Person {
private String theName;
private String theAddress;
private String thePhone;
private int theAge;
//-----------------------省去Getter&Setter和toString方法
...
}
处理：
@RequestMapping("/testaction3.do") //直接通过对象进行参数传递
public String getParamsByEntity(Person person,Model model) {
model.addAttribute("theName", person.getTheName());
model.addAttribute("theAddress", person.getTheAddress());
model.addAttribute("thePhone", person.getThePhone());
model.addAttribute("theAge", person.getTheAge());
System.out.println(person);
return "showresult";
}
四.数组与集合对象
数组：
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>shit</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/hello.do">ASSHOLE</a><br>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/hello2.do">注解方式的controller</a><br>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/hello3.do">@Responsebody测试</a><br>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/putArray.do?arrs=item1&arrs=item2&arrs=item3">传入数组为参数</a><br>
</body>
</html>
获取传入的数组：
@RequestMapping("/putArray.do")
public String getArrayParams(String[] arrs,Model model) {
System.out.println(arrs[0]);
System.out.println(arrs[1]);
model.addAttribute("array", arrs);
return "showArrayandList";
}
List集合：
集合对象需要使用封装类对集合进行封装：
集合封装类Vo
public class Vo {
private List<Person> personList;
public List<Person> getPersonList() {
return personList;
}
public void setPersonList(List<Person> personList) {
this.personList = personList;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Vo [personList=" + personList + "]";
}
}
请求表单：
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/putList.do" method="post">
<span>姓名：</span><input type="text" name="personList[0].theName" /><br>
<span>地址：</span><input type="text" name="personList[0].theAddress" /><br>
<span>电话：</span><input type="text" name="personList[0].thePhone" /><br>
<span>年龄：</span><input type="text" name="personList[0].theAge" /><br>
------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
<span>姓名：</span><input type="text" name="personList[1].theName" /><br>
<span>地址：</span><input type="text" name="personList[1].theAddress" /><br>
<span>电话：</span><input type="text" name="personList[1].thePhone" /><br>
<span>年龄：</span><input type="text" name="personList[1].theAge" /><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交表单" />
</form>
处理方法：
/**
*
* @Title: getListParams
* @Description: 获取传来的集合参数
* @return: String
* @throws
*/
@RequestMapping("/putList.do")
public String getListParams(Vo personList,Model model) {
//利用封装类来保存数据
personList.getPersonList().forEach(person->System.out.println(person));
model.addAttribute("personList", personList);
return "showArrayandList";
}
显示页面：
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
show the arrays<br>
<span>${array[0]}</span><br>
<span>${array[1]}</span><br>
show the List<br>
<span>${personList.personList[0].theName}</span><br>
<span>${personList.personList[0].theAddress}</span><br>
<span>${personList.personList[0].thePhone}</span><br>
<span>${personList.personList[0].theAge}</span><br>
<span>HEI MAN DONT BE COCKY</span><br>
<span>${personList.personList[0].theName}</span><br>
<span>${personList.personList[0].theAddress}</span><br>
<span>${personList.personList[0].thePhone}</span><br>
<span>${personList.personList[0].theAge}</span><br>
</body>
</html>
五.使用@RequestBody接收JSON（多用于AJAX）
使用@RequestBody接收字符串
<button id="requestbodytest" onclick="sendAJAX()">requestbody测试</button>
<script type="text/javascript">
var sendAJAX = function(){
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/requestbodytest.do",
contentType:"application/json;charset=UTF-8",
dataType: "json",
/*传递一个JSON格式字符串*/ data:JSON.stringify({"theName":"Alan","theAddress":"beijin","thePhone":"123456789","theAge":22}),
success: function(data){
alert(data)
}
});
}
</script>
@RequestMapping("/requestbodytest.do")
@ResponseBody
public String requestbodyTest(@RequestBody String person) {
System.out.println("WDNMD");
System.out.println(person);
return "AJAXsuccess";
}
使用@RequestBody接收实体类
（——–注意：用@RequestBody接收实体类请先检查有没有导jackson的包（databind,core和annnoation）----)
不然会报Content type ‘application/json;charsetset=UTF-8;charset=UTF-8’ not supported]解析错误（半天时间才找出。。。。。）
@RequestMapping("/requestbodytest.do")
@ResponseBody
public String requestbodyTest(@RequestBody Person person)throws Exception{
System.out.println("WDNMD");
Model model ;
System.out.println(person);
return "AJAXsuccess";
}
使用@requestBody接收数组和集合
List集合&数组
<button type="button" onclick="AJAXtest2()">@requestbody发送数组&集合JSON</button><br>
<script type="text/javascript">
var AJAXtest2 = function(){
var personList = new Array();
personList.push({theName:"sss",theAddress:"ddddd",thePhone:"33333",theAge:22});
personList.push({theName:"cheems",theAddress:"slave",thePhone:"33333",theAge:25});
$.ajax({
type:"POST",
contentType:"application/json;charset=UTF-8",
url:"${pageContext.request.contextPath}/requestbodytest2.do",
data:JSON.stringify(personList), //将集合传化为JSON字符串进行传输
success:function(result){
alert(result)
}
});
}
</script>
@RequestMapping("/requestbodytest2.do")
@ResponseBody
public String requestbodyTest(@RequestBody List<Person> personList) {
//接收JSON的集合和数组都不用改前端,只需将形参改为对象数组即可
//既(@RequestBody Person[] personList)
personList.forEach(person->System.out.println(person));
return "getList Success!";
}
接收map(好像不能接收map)，貌似js里也没有严格意义上的map数据结构，或是在一些版本里没有？
扫一扫
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
