Nginx Location配置详解-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/itxiaoyu_lang/article/details/118277818

location应用

location区段，通过指定模式来与客户端请求的URI相匹配

//功能：允许根据用户请求的URI来匹配定义的各location，匹配到时，此请求将被相应的location配置块中的配置所处理，例如做访问控制等功能
//语法：location [ 修饰符 ] pattern {…}

常用修饰符说明

修饰符	功能
=	精确匹配
~	正则表达式，区分大小写
~*	正则表达式，不区分大小写
^~	前缀匹配，类似于无修饰符的行为，也是以指定模块开始，不同的是，如果模式匹配，那么就停止搜索其他模式了，不支持正则表达式
@	定义命名location区段，这些区段客户端不能访问，只可以由内部产生的请求来访问，如try_files或error_page等

没有修饰符

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
        location /qwe {
            echo "qwe";
        }
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwe
qwe

//修改配置文件和上面的一样，这里就不一一书写了
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwe\?p1\=11\&p2\=22
qwe
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwe/
qwe
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwert
qwe

=：表示必须与指定的模式精确匹配

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

 location /qwe {
            echo  "qwe";
        }
        location /qwert {
            echo  "qwert";
        }
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwe
qwe
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwert
qwert
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwi
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.20.1</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwrty
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.20.1</center>
</body>
</html>

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwertyu
qwert
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwe\?p1\=11\&p2\=22
qwe

~：表示指定的正则表达式要区分大小写

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

location ~ ^/qwert$ {
            echo  "qwert";
        }

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwert
qwert
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwerT
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.20.1</center>
</body>
</html>

~*：表示指定的正则表达式不区分大小写

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
        location ~* ^/qwert$ {
            echo  "qwert";
        }

[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwert
qwert
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwerT
qwert
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/QWERT
qwert

查找顺序和优先级：

由高到底依次为

带有=的精确匹配优先
正则表达式按照他们在配置文件中定义的顺序
带有^~修饰符的，开头匹配
带有~ 或 ~*修饰符的，如果正则表达式与URI匹配
没有修饰符的精确匹配

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

        location = /qwe {
            echo  "qwe";
        }

        location ~ /qwert {
            echo  "qwert";
        }

        location ~* ^/qwert$ {
            echo  "aabb";
        }

[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwert
qwert
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwe
qwe
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwer
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.20.1</center>
</body>
</html>

没有精准匹配符

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
       # location = /qwe {
        #    echo  "qwe";
       # }

        location ~ ^/qwert {
            echo  "qwert";
        }

        location ~* ^/qwert$ {
            echo  "aabb";
        }


[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwert
qwert
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwer
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.20.1</center>
</body>
</html>

[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.147.66/qwerty
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.20.1</center>
</body>
</html>