HttpLimitReqModule

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#运维

本文介绍Nginx的HttpLimitReq模块，该模块可通过漏桶算法限制给定会话或特定地址的请求数量。文章详细解释了如何配置limit_req_zone及limit_req指令来实现平滑的请求处理，并举例说明了不同参数设置的效果。

http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpLimitReqModule

(Redirected from NginxHttpLimitReqModule)
Synopsis
This module allows you to limit the number of requests for a given session, or as a special case, with one address.

Restriction done using leaky bucket.

Example Configuration
http {
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r/s;

...

server {

...

location /search/ {
limit_req zone=one burst=5;
}
Directives
Syntax: limit_req_log_level info|notice|warn|error

Default: warn

Context: http

Controls the log level of the rejected requests. Delayed requests are logged at the next less severe level, though, for example when limit_req_log_level is set to "error", delayed requests are logged at "warn".

Syntax: limit_req_zone $session_variable zone=name_of_zone:size rate=rate

Default: none

Context: http

The directive describes the area, which stores the state of the sessions. The values of the sessions is determined by the given variable. Example of usage:

limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r/s;
In this case, the session state is allocated 10MB as a zone called "one", and the average speed of queries for this zone is limited to 1 request per second.

The sessions are tracked per-user in this case, but note that instead of the variable $remote_addr, we've used the variable $binary_remote_addr, reducing the size of the state to 64 bytes. A 1 MB zone can hold approximately 16000 states of this size.

The speed is set in requests per second or requests per minute. The rate must be an integer, so if you need to specify less than one request per second, say, one request every two seconds, you would specify it as "30r/m".

Syntax: limit_req zone=zone burst=burst [nodelay]

Default: none

Context: http, server, location

The directive specifies the zone (zone) and the maximum possible bursts of requests (burst). If the rate exceeds the demands outlined in the zone, the request is delayed, so that queries are processed at a given speed. Excess requests are delayed until their number does not exceed a specified number of bursts. In this case the request is completed the code "Service unavailable" (503). By default, the burst is zero.

For example, the directive

limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r/s;

server {
location /search/ {
limit_req zone=one burst=5;
}
allows a user no more than 1 request per second on average, with bursts of no more than 5 queries. If the excess requests within the limit burst delay are not necessary, you should use the nodelay:

limit_req zone=one burst=5 nodelay;