android单元测试

[b][size=medium]测试相关资源[/size][/b]
让开发自动化: 用 Eclipse 插件提高代码质量[url]http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-ap01117/index.html[/url]

代码测试覆盖率介绍：[url]http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/03/29/1424344.html[/url]


[b]学习android单元测试时遇到的一些问题：[/b]
1.开始以为单元测试一定要从程序的launch Activity，一步一步的跳转到所要测试的Activity能对其进行测试。
但实际上，我们可以从任意一个activity开始，对任意一个activity进行测试。

2.在运行单元测试之前，一定要先将要测试的程序安装到模拟器或真机上。

[b]junit相关[/b]
android中的测试框架是扩展的junit3，所以在学习android中的单元测试签，可以先熟悉下junit3的使用，junit3要学习的东西应该并不多，就几页纸的东西。入门可以参考这个：[url]http://android.blog.51cto.com/268543/49994[/url]

[b]android单元测试框架中涉及的注解[/b]
@Suppress 可以用在类或这方法上，这样该类或者该方法就不会被执行
@UiThreadTest 可以用在方法上，这样该方法就会在程序的ui线程上执行
@LargeTest, @MediumTest, @SmallTest 用在方法上，标记所属的测试类型，主要是用于单独执行其中的某一类测试时使用。具体参考InstrumentationTestRunner类的文档。
@Smoke 具体用法还不清楚

[b]android单元测试框架中涉及的一些类的uml[/b]
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513766/4db7f7f4-80a0-3831-9013-0f23e79b69ba.png[/img]

[b]接下来我们以demo project来讲解如何使用android中的单元测试[/b]
主要包括了三个activity：
MainActivity：仅包含一个button，点击后就可以进入LoginActivity

LoginActivity：可以输入username, password，然后点击submit的话可进入HomeActivity，如果点击reset的话，输入的内容就会被清空

HomeActivity：在TextView中显示LoginActivity输入的内容

[b]首先我们创建要测试的项目demo（使用了2.1）[/b]
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513754/799321ed-ed41-344d-a9dd-4dd0e7579cb3.png[/img]
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513756/c176e312-28fa-33c9-8370-347aa4298890.png[/img]

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513758/807f08b9-02be-3a49-bb49-248db3ccc4b8.png[/img]

[b]MainActivity代码[/b]

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private static final boolean DEBUG = true;
	private static final String TAG = "-- MainActivity";

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		if (DEBUG) {
			Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");
		}

		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.act_main);
		View toLoginView = findViewById(R.id.to_login);
		toLoginView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
			public void onClick(View view) {
				if (DEBUG) {
					Log.i(TAG, "toLoginView clicked");
				}

				Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), LoginActivity.class);
				startActivity(intent);
			}
		});
	}
}

[b]MainActivity的布局文件[/b]

<LinearLayout
	xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
	android:layout_width="fill_parent"
	android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
	<Button
		android:id="@+id/to_login"
		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:layout_gravity="bottom"
		android:text="to login" />
</LinearLayout>

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513760/0011a959-1bbd-391b-9ef2-05453b68531e.png[/img]

[b]LoginActivity代码[/b]

public class LoginActivity extends Activity {
	private static final boolean DEBUG = true;
	private static final String TAG = "-- LoginActivity";

	private EditText mUsernameView;
	private EditText mPasswordView;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		if (DEBUG) {
			Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");
		}

		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.act_login);
		mUsernameView = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.username);
		mPasswordView = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.password);

		View submitView = findViewById(R.id.submit);
		submitView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
			public void onClick(View view) {
				if (DEBUG) {
					Log.i(TAG, "submitView clicked");
				}

				Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), HomeActivity.class);
				intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA_USERNAME, mUsernameView.getText().toString());
				intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA_PASSWORD, mPasswordView.getText().toString());
				startActivity(intent);
			}
		});

		View resetView = findViewById(R.id.reset);
		resetView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
			public void onClick(View view) {
				if (DEBUG) {
					Log.i(TAG, "resetView clicked");
				}

				mUsernameView.setText("");
				mPasswordView.setText("");
				mUsernameView.requestFocus();
			}
		});
	}
}

[b]LoginActivity的布局文件[/b]

<LinearLayout
	xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
	android:layout_width="fill_parent"
	android:layout_height="fill_parent"
	android:orientation="vertical"
>
	<TextView
		android:id="@+id/label_username"
		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:text="username:" />

	<EditText
		android:id="@+id/username"
		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:inputType="text" />

	<TextView
		android:id="@+id/label_password"
		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:text="password:" />

	<EditText
		android:id="@+id/password"
		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:inputType="textPassword" />

	<Button
		android:id="@+id/submit"
		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:text="submit" />

	<Button
		android:id="@+id/reset"
		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:text="reset" />
</LinearLayout>

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513764/f2410f24-991a-34a4-9cdc-b56bf0fe9148.png[/img]

[b]HomeActivity代码[/b]

public class HomeActivity extends Activity {
	private static final boolean DEBUG = true;
	private static final String TAG = "-- HomeActivity";

	public static final String EXTRA_USERNAME = "yuan.activity.username";
	public static final String EXTRA_PASSWORD = "yuan.activity.password";

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		if (DEBUG) {
			Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");
		}
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		Intent intent = getIntent();
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		sb.append("username:").append(intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_USERNAME)).append("\n");
		sb.append("password:").append(intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_PASSWORD));

		setContentView(R.layout.act_home);
		TextView loginContentView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.login_content);
		loginContentView.setText(sb.toString());
	}
}

[b]HomeActivity的布局文件[/b]

<LinearLayout
	xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
	android:layout_width="fill_parent"
	android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
	<TextView
		android:id="@+id/login_content"
		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
		android:gravity="center"
		android:textColor="#EEE"
		android:textStyle="bold"
		android:textSize="25sp" />
</LinearLayout>

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513762/27e986b0-fe63-349e-86b3-05a7560dc568.png[/img]

程序非常简单，接下来我们为demo创建单元测试工程demo_unittest
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513748/326f401f-3546-3dfd-a100-b51eb6054304.png[/img]
[b]选择之前创建的工程demo，然后eclipse会自动帮我们设定api level，包名等。（测试用例的包名一般就是在要测试类的包名后加上test）[/b]
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513750/2aab55e5-f020-3ad8-b565-b9520cdb5bce.png[/img]

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513752/4dd2ec86-e033-3669-87d6-0206d127feba.png[/img]

[b]创建完后eclipse会自动为我们创建好所需的目录，Manifest.xml文件[/b]
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513768/f47260f5-ef91-3aec-9478-9b7f4cb013bd.png[/img]

[b]接下来就是为要测试的类编写测试用例。关于要用哪个测试用例类，在第一张UML图中也做了简要的说明。[/b]
ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2：主要是用于进行activity的功能测试，和activity的交互测试，如activity间的跳转，ui的交互等。

ActivityInstrumentationTestCase：这个类现在已deprecated了，所以不许考虑。

SingleLaunchActivityTestCase：该测试用例仅掉用setUp和tearDown一次，而不像其它测试用例类一样，没调用一次测试方法就会重新调用一次setUp和tearDown。所以主要测试activity是否能够正确处理多次调用。

ActivityUnitTestCase：主要用于测试Activity，因为它允许注入MockContext和MockApplicaton，所以可以测试Activity在不同资源和应用下的情况。

还有Application等的测试用例比较简单，看uml图。如果觉得不够详细，可以参考sdk文档的dev guide和api reference。

[b]MainActivityTest测试用例[/b]

public class MainActivityTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<MainActivity> {
	private static final String TAG = "=== MainActivityTest";

	private Instrumentation mInstrument;
	private MainActivity mActivity;
	private View mToLoginView;

	public MainActivityTest() {
		super("yuan.activity", MainActivity.class);
	}

	@Override
	public void setUp() throws Exception {
		super.setUp();
		mInstrument = getInstrumentation();
		// 启动被测试的Activity
		mActivity = getActivity();
		mToLoginView = mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.to_login);
	}

	public void testPreConditions() {
		// 在执行测试之前，确保程序的重要对象已被初始化
		assertTrue(mToLoginView != null);
	}


	//mInstrument.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() {
	//	public void run() {
	//		mToLoginView.requestFocus();
	//		mToLoginView.performClick();
	//	}
	//});
	@UiThreadTest
	public void testToLogin() {
		// @UiThreadTest注解使整个方法在UI线程上执行，等同于上面注解掉的代码
		mToLoginView.requestFocus();
		mToLoginView.performClick();
	}

	@Suppress
	public void testNotCalled() {
		// 使用了@Suppress注解的方法不会被测试
		Log.i(TAG, "method 'testNotCalled' is called");
	}

	@Override
	public void tearDown() throws Exception {
		super.tearDown();
	}
}

[b]LoginActivityTest测试用例[/b]

public class LoginActivityTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<LoginActivity> {
	private static final String TAG = "=== LoginActivityTest";

	private Instrumentation mInstrument;
	private LoginActivity mActivity;
	private EditText mUsernameView;
	private EditText mPasswordView;
	private View mSubmitView;
	private View mResetView;

	public LoginActivityTest() {
		super("yuan.activity", LoginActivity.class);
	}

	@Override
	public void setUp() throws Exception {
		super.setUp();
		/*
		 *  要向程序发送key事件的话，必须在getActivity之前调用该方法来关闭touch模式
		 * 否则key事件会被忽略
		 */
		setActivityInitialTouchMode(false);

		mInstrument = getInstrumentation();
		mActivity = getActivity();
		Log.i(TAG, "current activity: " + mActivity.getClass().getName());
		mUsernameView = (EditText) mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.username);
		mPasswordView = (EditText) mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.password);
		mSubmitView = mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.submit);
		mResetView = mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.reset);
	}

	public void testPreConditions() {
		assertTrue(mUsernameView != null);
		assertTrue(mPasswordView != null);
		assertTrue(mSubmitView != null);
		assertTrue(mResetView != null);
	}

	public void testInput() {
		input();
		assertEquals("yuan", mUsernameView.getText().toString());
		assertEquals("1123", mPasswordView.getText().toString());
	}

	public void testSubmit() {
		input();
		mInstrument.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				mSubmitView.requestFocus();
				mSubmitView.performClick();
			}
		});
	}

	public void testReset() {
		input();
		mInstrument.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				mResetView.requestFocus();
				mResetView.performClick();
			}
		});
		assertEquals("", mUsernameView.getText().toString());
		assertEquals("", mPasswordView.getText().toString());
	}

	@Override
	public void tearDown() throws Exception {
		super.tearDown();
	}

	private void input() {
		mActivity.runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				mUsernameView.requestFocus();
			}
		});
		// 因为测试用例运行在单独的线程上，这里最好要
		// 同步application，等待其执行完后再运行
		mInstrument.waitForIdleSync();
		sendKeys(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_Y, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_U,
				KeyEvent.KEYCODE_A, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_N);

		// 效果同上面sendKeys之前的代码
		mInstrument.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				mPasswordView.requestFocus();
			}
		});
		sendKeys(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_1, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_1,
				KeyEvent.KEYCODE_2, KeyEvent.KEYCODE_3);
	}
}

[b]HomeActivityTest测试用例[/b]

public class HomeActivityTest extends ActivityUnitTestCase<HomeActivity> {
	private static final String TAG = "=== HomeActivityTest";

	private static final String LOGIN_CONTENT = "username:yuan\npassword:1123";

	private HomeActivity mHomeActivity;
	private TextView mLoginContentView;

	public HomeActivityTest() {
		super(HomeActivity.class);
	}

	@Override
	public void setUp() throws Exception {
		super.setUp();
		Intent intent = new Intent();
		intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA_USERNAME, "yuan");
		intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA_PASSWORD, "1123");
		// HomeActivity有extra参数，所以我们需要以intent来启动它
		mHomeActivity = launchActivityWithIntent("yuan.activity", HomeActivity.class, intent);
		mLoginContentView = (TextView) mHomeActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.login_content);
	}

	public void testLoginContent() {
		assertEquals(LOGIN_CONTENT, mLoginContentView.getText().toString());
	}

	@Override
	public void tearDown() throws Exception {
		super.tearDown();
	}
}

[b]接下来是运行测试用例，首先我们需要把要测试的程序安装到模拟器或真机上[/b]
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513770/19f8fa10-06cf-3055-8b2a-9dac7dd9dd6c.png[/img]

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513772/b74099a9-6415-3784-9175-1bbaebc1477f.png[/img]

[b]运行测试用例，查看运行结果[/b]
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513774/6047f3b1-3044-3d5f-b3a7-509b3aebf909.png[/img]

[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/513776/96525d0f-c157-36b3-9c4a-da1796b40e6e.png[/img]

[b]这里仅仅讲了使用eclipse来进行单元测试，当然也是可以在命令行中进行单元测试的，但既然有eclipse这种图形界面的工具，就不再折腾什么命令行了。
还有就是测试用例也可以直接创建在源程序中（即源代码和测试代码放在一个项目中），具体怎么做的话google一些吧，就是把测试时涉及的一些Manifest元素移到源码工程的Manifest中等[/b]