谈谈TCP和UDP的一些简单应用

本文深入讲解Java中的SOCKET编程,包括TCP和UDP协议的应用,并提供具体示例代码,如客户端和服务端的实现。
导读:
  网络编程中最重要的就是SOCKET,它其实也就是监听端口的原理。和我们用手机发短信的原理应该是大致无二(我是这样理解的),而JAVA最出色的一点也就是“无痛苦连网”。
  网络最基本的精神就是让两台机器连接起来,“被呼叫的一方”也就是服务器,而“找人的一方”则叫做客户机,所以说在连接中服务器、客户机也就是一个相对的概念了。而我们对机器的标识主要是通过IP地址和端口来区分的。
  “传输控制协议”TCP和“用户数据报协议”是两种不同的协议,JAVA对这两种协议的支持基本是一致的,而它们本身最大的区别也就是发送的可靠性和速率,前者相比后者是可靠协议,后者当然是速度快得多了,下面我们分别用两个SOCKET下演示:
  eg1:
  //Clients.java
  import java.io.*;
  import java.net.*;
  public class Clients
  {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
  {
  InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName(null);
  Socket socket = new Socket(addr,2000);
  PrintWriter out =
  new PrintWriter(
  new BufferedWriter(
  new OutputStreamWriter(
  socket.getOutputStream())),true);
  byte[] b = new byte[2048];
  String msg = new String(b,0,System.in.read(b));
  out.println(msg);
  socket.close();
  }
  }
  //Servers.java
  import java.io.*;
  import java.net.*;
  public class Servers
  {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
  {
  ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(2000);
  try{
  while(true){
  Socket socket = s.accept();
  try{
  BufferedReader in =
  new BufferedReader(
  new InputStreamReader(
  socket.getInputStream()));
  StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
  int c;
  while( (c = in.read()) != -1 ){
  char ch = (char)c;
  sb.append(ch);
  }
  System.out.println(sb.toString());
  }catch(IOException e){
  socket.close();
  }finally{
  socket.close();
  }
  }//while
  }finally{
  s.close();
  }//try
  }//main
  }
  此程式主要用Servers来进行无限监听,而Clients是客户机发送程式,他们的端口全采用2000。
  eg2:
  //UDPsend.java
  import java.io.*;
  import java.net.*;
  /**
  * This class sends the specified text or file as a datagram to the
  * specified port of the specified host.
  **/
  public class UDPSend {
  public static final String usage =
  "Usage: java UDPSend <hostname><port><msg>...\n" + <br>  " or: java UDPSend <hostname><port> -f <file>"; <br>  public static void main(String args[]) { <br>  try { <br>  // Check the number of arguments <br>  if (args.length   throw new IllegalArgumentException("Wrong number of args"); <br>   <br>  // Parse the arguments <br>  String host = args[0]; <br>  int port = Integer.parseInt(args[1]); <br>   <br>  // Figure out the message to send. <br>  // If the third argument is -f, then send the contents of the file <br>  // specified as the fourth argument. Otherwise, concatenate the <br>  // third and all remaining arguments and send that. <br>  byte[] message; <br>  if (args[2].equals("-f")) { <br>  File f = new File(args[3]); <br>  int len = (int)f.length(); // figure out how big the file is <br>  message = new byte[len]; // create a buffer big enough <br>  FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(f); <br>  int bytes_read = 0, n; <br>  do { // loop until we've read it all <br>  n = in.read(message, bytes_read, len-bytes_read); <br>  bytes_read += n; <br>  } while((bytes_read <len>  } <br>  else { // Otherwise, just combine all the remaining arguments. <br>  String msg = args[2]; <br>  for (int i = 3; i <args.length args msg i>  message = msg.getBytes(); <br>  } <br>   <br>  // Get the internet address of the specified host <br>  InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(host); <br>   <br>  // Initialize a datagram packet with data and address <br>  DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(message, message.length, <br>  address, port); <br>   <br>  // Create a datagram socket, send the packet through it, close it. <br>  DatagramSocket dsocket = new DatagramSocket(); <br>  dsocket.send(packet); <br>  dsocket.close(); <br>  } <br>  catch (Exception e) { <br>  System.err.println(e); <br>  System.err.println(usage); <br>  } <br>  } <br>  } <br>  //UDPreceive.java <br>  import java.io.*; <br>  import java.net.*; <br>  /** <br>  * This program waits to receive datagrams sent the specified port. <br>  * When it receives one, it displays the sending host and prints the <br>  * contents of the datagram as a string. Then it loops and waits again. <br>  **/ <br>  public class UDPReceive { <br>  public static final String usage = "Usage: java UDPReceive <port>  public static void main(String args[]) { <br>  try { <br>  if (args.length != 1) <br>  throw new IllegalArgumentException("Wrong number of args"); <br>   <br>  // Get the port from the command line <br>  int port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); <br>   <br>  // Create a socket to listen on the port. <br>  DatagramSocket dsocket = new DatagramSocket(port); <br>   <br>  // Create a buffer to read datagrams into. If anyone sends us a <br>  // packet containing more than will fit into this buffer, the <br>  // excess will simply be discarded! <br>  byte[] buffer = new byte[2048]; <br>   <br>  // Create a packet to receive data into the buffer <br>  DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length); <br>  // Now loop forever, waiting to receive packets and printing them. <br>  for(;;) { <br>  // Wait to receive a datagram <br>  dsocket.receive(packet); <br>  // Convert the contents to a string, and display them <br>  String msg = new String(buffer, 0, packet.getLength()); <br>  System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostName() + <br>  ": " + msg); <br>  // Reset the length of the packet before reusing it. <br>  // Prior to Java 1.1, we'd just create a new packet each time. <br>  packet.setLength(buffer.length); <br>  } <br>  } <br>  catch (Exception e) { <br>  System.err.println(e); <br>  System.err.println(usage); <br>  } <br>  } <br>  } <br>  在UDP中主要的类是DatagramSocket()和DatagramPacket(),而在UDPreceive中,被接受的字节是受限制,这些感觉不是太好,既然buf是一个字节数组,我们实在是很奇怪为什么构建器自己不能调查出数组的长度呢?唯一能猜测的原因就是C风格的编程使然,那里的数组不能自己告诉我们它有多大。 <br>  而我们实际使用的过程中,当然不仅仅限于这些,其中要考虑有多台客户机来连接服务器,所以要考虑到线程Thread的使用,如果再加上SWING,就可以做一个类似于QQ的SOCKET功能了,这仅仅限于我在学习SOCKET时的一些领悟。供大家参考。 <br>  - <br>  主页: http://www.fls-cts.com/kkjvk/ <br>  网络编程中最重要的就是SOCKET,它其实也就是监听端口的原理。和我们用手机发短信的原理应该是大致无二(我是这样理解的),而JAVA最出色的一点也就是“无痛苦连网”。网络最基本的精神就是让两台机器连接起来,“被呼叫的一方”也就是服务器,而“找人的一方”则叫做客户机,所以说在连接中服务器、客户机也就是一个相对的概念了。而我们对机器的标识主要是通过IP地址和端口来区分的。“传输控制协议”TCP和“用户数据报协议”是两种不同的协议,JAVA对这两种协议的支持基本是一致的,而它们本身最大的区别也就是发送的可靠性和速率,前者相比后者是可靠协议,后者当然是速度快得多了,下面我们分别用两个SOCKET下演示: eg1://Clients.java import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class Clients{ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getByName(null); Socket socket = new Socket(addr,2000); PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter( new BufferedWriter( new OutputStreamWriter( socket.getOutputStream())),true); byte[] b = new byte[2048]; String msg = new String(b,0,System.in.read(b)); out.println(msg); socket.close(); }}//Servers.java import java.io.*; import java.net.*; public class Servers{ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(2000); try{ while(true){ Socket socket = s.accept(); try{ BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader( socket.getInputStream())); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); int c; while( (c = in.read()) != -1 ){ char ch = (char)c; sb.append(ch); } System.out.println(sb.toString()); }catch(IOException e){ socket.close(); }finally{ socket.close(); } }//while }finally{ s.close(); }//try }//main}此程式主要用Servers来进行无限监听,而Clients是客户机发送程式,他们的端口全采用2000。 eg2://UDPsend.java import java.io.*; import java.net.*;/** * This class sends the specified text or file as a datagram to the * specified port of the specified host. **/ public class UDPSend { public static final String usage = "Usage: java UDPSend <hostname><port><msg>...\n" + " or: java UDPSend <hostname><port> -f <file>"; public static void main(String args[]) { try { // Check the number of arguments if (args.length " final UDPReceive ** again. waits loops it Then string. as * prints host sending displays one, receives When specified sent program This java.net.*; import java.io.*; UDPreceive.java }} dsocket.close(); dsocket.send(packet); DatagramSocket(); close it, through send socket, port); address, message.length, DatagramPacket(message, address with Initialize InetAddress internet message="msg.getBytes();" <args.length i="3;" for arguments. remaining all combine otherwise else><br>本文转自 <br><a href="http://www.cn-java.com/www1/?action-viewnews-itemid-1863">http://www.cn-java.com/www1/?action-viewnews-itemid-1863</a></args.length></file></port></hostname></msg></port></hostname></port></args.length></len></file></port></hostname></msg></port></hostname>
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