Ubuntu Linux下 "failed to initialize hal"错误解决办法

在Ubuntu Linux下，有不少朋友遇到“failed to initialize hal”错误。
这个错误最直接的表现是：在启动时弹出提示框告诉用户“failed to initialize hal”
这个错误将间接导致一些即插即用硬件使用错误。
比如：网卡本来是即插即用的，你拨掉网线、网络就会不可用，当你再插上网上，系统应该自动恢复网络。但如果出现上述错误就不会这样了。
又比如：U盘和移动硬盘本来是即插即用的，你一插上U盘就会在桌面上显示一个U盘符号并显示卷名称。但如果出现上述错误，就会表现为U盘或移动硬盘不能自动挂载。

出现上述原因的根本在于系统服务dbus和hal的启动顺序。
Ubuntu Linux中采用dbus+hal来管理即插即用设备，关于具体工作方式，大家可以自己用 google搜索一下。
关键要知道的一点就是dbus服务必须在hal之前启动，否则hal就会启动失败。

大多数Linux系统中，所有服务都在/etc/init.d目录下有个启动脚本程序，比如：

acpid checkroot.sh hostname.sh mountdevsubfs.sh readahead udev-finish acpi-support clamav-freshclam hotkey-setup mountkernfs.sh readahead-desktop umountfs alsa-utils consolekit hwclockfirst.sh mountnfs-bootclean.sh README umountnfs.sh anacron console-screen.sh hwclock.sh mountoverflowtmp reboot umountroot apmd console-setup keyboard-setup mtab.sh rmnologin urandom apparmor cron killprocs networking rsync usplash apport cupsys klogd nvidia-kernel screen vbesave atd dbus laptop-mode pcmciautils sendsigs vmware avahi-daemon dhcdbd libpam-foreground powernowd single waitnfs.sh bluetooth dns-clean linux-restricted-modules-common powernowd.early skeleton wpa-ifupdown bootclean gdm loopback pppd-dns stop-bootlogd x11-common bootlogd glibc.sh makedev procps.sh stop-bootlogd-single xserver-xorg-input-wacom bootmisc.sh hal module-init-tools rc stop-readahead brltty halt mountall-bootclean.sh rc.local sysklogd checkfs.sh hdparm mountall.sh rcS udev

对于不同的启动级别(比如级别N)需要启动的服务，在/etc/rcN.d目录下有相应的链接指向/etc/init.d目录下相应的脚本，比如：

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 2007-12-24 22:28 gdm30S -> ../init.d/gdm lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 2008-01-18 21:21 K08vmware -> /etc/init.d/vmware -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 556 2007-10-04 19:17 README lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 2007-12-24 22:28 S05vbesave -> ../init.d/vbesave lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 2007-12-24 22:28 S10powernowd.early -> ../init.d/powernowd.early lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 34 2007-12-24 22:28 S10xserver-xorg-input-wacom -> ../init.d/xserver-xorg-input-wacom lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 2007-12-24 19:33 S12dbus -> ../init.d/dbus lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 2007-12-24 22:28 S12hal -> ../init.d/hal lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 2007-12-24 22:28 S18avahi-daemon -> ../init.d/avahi-daemon lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 2008-01-18 21:12 S20clamav-freshclam -> ../init.d/clamav-freshclam lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 2007-12-24 22:28 S20makedev -> ../init.d/makedev lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 2007-12-24 22:28 S20nvidia-kernel -> ../init.d/nvidia-kernel lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2007-12-24 22:28 S20rsync -> ../init.d/rsync lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 2007-12-24 22:28 S22consolekit -> ../init.d/consolekit lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 2007-12-24 22:28 S24dhcdbd -> ../init.d/dhcdbd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2008-01-19 16:58 S50acpid -> ../init.d/acpid lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 2008-01-19 16:56 S50alsa-utils -> ../init.d/alsa-utils lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 2008-01-19 16:58 S50anacron -> ../init.d/anacron lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 2008-01-19 16:58 S50apmd -> ../init.d/apmd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 2008-01-19 16:58 S50atd -> ../init.d/atd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 2008-01-19 16:58 S50brltty -> ../init.d/brltty lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 2008-01-19 16:58 S50cupsys -> ../init.d/cupsys lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 2008-01-18 21:00 S50gdm -> ../init.d/gdm lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 2008-01-19 16:57 S50hdparm -> ../init.d/hdparm lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 2008-01-19 16:57 S50hotkey-setup -> ../init.d/hotkey-setup lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 2008-01-19 16:57 S50klogd -> ../init.d/klogd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 2008-01-19 16:58 S50powernowd -> ../init.d/powernowd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 2008-01-19 16:57 S50sysklogd -> ../init.d/sysklogd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 2007-12-24 22:28 S89cron -> ../init.d/cron lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 2008-01-18 21:21 S90vmware -> /etc/init.d/vmware lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 2007-12-24 22:28 S98usplash -> ../init.d/usplash lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 2007-12-24 22:28 S99acpi-support -> ../init.d/acpi-support lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 2007-12-24 22:28 S99laptop-mode -> ../init.d/laptop-mode lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 2007-12-24 22:28 S99rc.local -> ../init.d/rc.local lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 2007-12-24 22:28 S99rmnologin -> ../init.d/rmnologin lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 2007-12-24 22:28 S99stop-readahead -> ../init.d/stop-readahead

这里S开头的服务将在启动时加载，S后面的数字代表了服务的启动顺序，数字小的服务将在数字大的服务之前启动，比如S90vmware服务将在S90usplash之前启动。之后再按字母顺序启动各服务。

出现“failed to initialize hal”错误就是因为hal服务在dbus之前启动。可能为：

S12hal S50dbus

要纠正这一错误，只需要把dbus前面的S50改成比hal前面的S12小或相等就可以了。比如：

sudo mv S50dbus S12dbus