Unix Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

原文地址 http://www.pathname.com/fhs/

1. Introduction

Purpose
Conventions

2. The Filesystem
3. The Root Filesystem

Purpose
Requirements
Specific Options
/bin : Essential user command binaries (for use by all users)

Purpose
Requirements
Specific Options

/boot : Static files of the boot loader

Purpose
Specific Options

/dev : Device files

Purpose
Specific Options

/etc : Host-specific system configuration

Purpose
Requirements
Specific Options
/etc/opt : Configuration files for /opt
/etc/X11 : Configuration for the X Window System (optional)
/etc/sgml : Configuration files for SGML (optional)
/etc/xml : Configuration files for XML (optional)

/home : User home directories (optional)

Purpose
Requirements

/lib : Essential shared libraries and kernel modules

Purpose
Requirements
Specific Options

/lib<qual> : Alternate format essential shared libraries (optional)

Purpose
Requirements

/media : Mount point for removeable media

Purpose
Specific Options

/mnt : Mount point for a temporarily mounted filesystem

Purpose

/opt : Add-on application software packages

Purpose
Requirements

/root : Home directory for the root user (optional)

Purpose

/sbin : System binaries

Purpose
Requirements
Specific Options

/srv : Data for services provided by this system

Purpose

/tmp : Temporary files

Purpose

4. The /usr Hierarchy

Purpose
Requirements
Specific Options
/usr/X11R6 : X Window System, Version 11 Release 6 (optional)

Purpose
Specific Options

/usr/bin : Most user commands

Purpose
Specific Options

/usr/include : Directory for standard include files.

Purpose
Specific Options

/usr/lib : Libraries for programming and packages

Purpose
Specific Options

/usr/lib<qual> : Alternate format libraries (optional)

Purpose
/usr/local : Local hierarchy

/usr/local/share
/usr/sbin : Non-essential standard system binaries

Purpose

/usr/share : Architecture-independent data

Purpose
Requirements
Specific Options
/usr/share/dict : Word lists (optional)
/usr/share/man : Manual pages
/usr/share/misc : Miscellaneous architecture-independent data
/usr/share/sgml : SGML data (optional)
/usr/share/xml : XML data (optional)

/usr/src : Source code (optional)

Purpose

5. The /var Hierarchy

Purpose
Requirements
Specific Options
/var/account : Process accounting logs (optional)

Purpose

/var/cache : Application cache data

Purpose
Specific Options
/var/cache/fonts : Locally-generated fonts (optional)
/var/cache/man : Locally-formatted manual pages (optional)

/var/crash : System crash dumps (optional)

Purpose

/var/games : Variable game data (optional)

Purpose

/var/lib : Variable state information

Purpose
Requirements
Specific Options
/var/lib/<editor> : Editor backup files and state (optional)
/var/lib/hwclock : State directory for hwclock (optional)
/var/lib/misc : Miscellaneous variable data

/var/lock : Lock files

Purpose

/var/log : Log files and directories

Purpose
Specific Options

/var/mail : User mailbox files (optional)

Purpose

/var/opt : Variable data for /opt

Purpose

/var/run : Run-time variable data

Purpose
Requirements

/var/spool : Application spool data

Purpose
Specific Options
/var/spool/lpd : Line-printer daemon print queues (optional)
/var/spool/rwho : Rwhod files (optional)

/var/tmp : Temporary files preserved between system reboots

Purpose

/var/yp : Network Information Service (NIS) database files (optional)

Purpose

6. Operating System Specific Annex

Linux

/ : Root directory
/bin : Essential user command binaries (for use by all users)
/dev : Devices and special files
/etc : Host-specific system configuration
/lib64 and /lib32 : 64/32-bit libraries (architecture dependent)
/proc : Kernel and process information virtual filesystem
/sbin : Essential system binaries
/usr/include : Header files included by C programs
/usr/src : Source code
/var/spool/cron : cron and at jobs

7. Appendix

The FHS mailing list
Background of the FHS
General Guidelines
Scope
Acknowledgments
Contributors