本文介绍如何下载并安装 MySQL 5.5 版本，包括配置过程及远程访问设置。提供了详细的安装步骤，如解压、编译安装、配置文件调整等，并指导如何设置用户权限和进行基本的操作。
[b]1.下载mysql[/b]
[b]2. 解压[/b]
[b]
3.安装[/b]
详解：
[b]4.配置文件[/b]
在/etc目录下，添加my.cnf
安装好mysql后，在/usr/local/mysql5.5/share/mysql目录下，会有my-huge.cnf, my-medinum.cnf, my-small.cnf
如果你的内存≤64M，则复制/usr/local/share/mysql/my-small.cnf为/etc/my.cnf
# This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used
# from time to time and it's important that the mysqld daemon
# doesn't use much resources.
如果内存是128M，则复制/usr/local/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf为/etc/my.cnf
# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays
# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with
# other programs (such as a web server)
如果内存是512M，则复制/usr/local/share/mysql/my-large.cnf为/etc/my.cnf
# This is for a large system with memory = 512M where the system runs mainly
# MySQL.
如果内存是1-2G，则复制/usr/local/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf为/etc/my.cnf
# This is for a large system with memory of 1G-2G where the system runs mainly
# MySQL.
[b]
5. 生成mysql用户数据库和表文件[/b]
会自动在localstatedir定义的路径生成文件
[b]6.添加帐号[/b]
[b]
7.修改权限[/b]
[b]8.启动mysql[/b]
[b]9.添加到系统的启动目录[/b]
[b]10.运行客户端[/b]
启动成功
查询数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
[b]11.设置密码[/b]
参看密码是否生效
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
进不去了，说明已经生效
[b]12.使用密码登录[/b]
输入刚刚新建的密码，就可以进去了
[b]13.修改my.cnf[/b]
[b]14.登录客户端查看[/b]
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | latin1 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
除了system为utf8，其他最好为latin1，否则可能出现异常com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes ）
数据库引擎
mysql> show engines; （最好有InnoDB模式支持）
+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints |
+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| ndbcluster | NO | Clustered, fault-tolerant tables | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO |
| BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO |
| CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO |
| FEDERATED | NO | Federated MySQL storage engine | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| InnoDB | YES | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES |
| MyISAM | DEFAULT | Default engine as of MySQL 3.23 with great performance | NO | NO | NO |
+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[b]15.远程访问mysql[/b]
第一句中"%"表示任何主机都可以远程登录到该服务器上访问。如果要限制只有某台机器可以访问，将其换成相应的IP即可，如：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"192.168.105.83" IDENTIFIED BY "root";
第二句表示从mysql数据库的grant表中重新加载权限数据。因为MySQL把权限都放在了cache中，所以在做完更改后需要重新加载。
http://ftp.nchu.edu.tw/Unix/Database/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz[b]2. 解压[/b]
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.32
[b]
3.安装[/b]
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql5.5 --with-mysqld-user=mysql --without-debug --localstatedir=/opt/workspace/mysql --with-charset=utf8 --with-collation=utf8_general_ci --with-extra-charsets=complex --with-extra-charsets=all --enable-assembler --with-pthread --enable-thread-safe-client --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-big-tables --with-plugins=all
make && make install详解：
./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/mysql5.5 //MySQL安装目录
--with-mysqld-user=mysql //mysqld运行用户
--without-debug //调试模式（默认禁用）
--localstatedir=/opt/workspace/mysql //数据库存放目录
--with-charset=utf8 //使用UTF8格式
--with-collation=utf8_general_ci //默认字符校对
--with-extra-charsets=complex //安装所有的扩展字符集，默认：all
--enable-assembler //汇编x86的普通操作符，可以提高性能
--enable-thread-safe-client //启用客户端安全线程
--with-client-ldflags=-all-static //静态链接提高13%性能
--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static //静态链接提高13%性能
--with-big-tables //启用大表
--with-plugins=all //数据库插件csv,myisam,myisammrg,heap,innobase,archive,blackhole
--with-ssl=/usr //使用SSL加密
--with-embedded-server //编译成embedded MySQL library (libmysqld.a),
--enable-local-infile //允许从本地导入数据
--with-plugins=innobase //数据库插件
--with-plugins=partition //分表功能，将一个大表分割成多个小表
#make && make install //编译然后安装
[b]4.配置文件[/b]
在/etc目录下，添加my.cnf
安装好mysql后，在/usr/local/mysql5.5/share/mysql目录下，会有my-huge.cnf, my-medinum.cnf, my-small.cnf
# cp /usr/local/mysql5.5/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf如果你的内存≤64M，则复制/usr/local/share/mysql/my-small.cnf为/etc/my.cnf
# This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used
# from time to time and it's important that the mysqld daemon
# doesn't use much resources.
如果内存是128M，则复制/usr/local/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf为/etc/my.cnf
# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays
# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with
# other programs (such as a web server)
如果内存是512M，则复制/usr/local/share/mysql/my-large.cnf为/etc/my.cnf
# This is for a large system with memory = 512M where the system runs mainly
# MySQL.
如果内存是1-2G，则复制/usr/local/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf为/etc/my.cnf
# This is for a large system with memory of 1G-2G where the system runs mainly
# MySQL.
[b]
5. 生成mysql用户数据库和表文件[/b]
/usr/local/mysql5.5/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql会自动在localstatedir定义的路径生成文件
[b]6.添加帐号[/b]
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql[b]
7.修改权限[/b]
chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/workspace/mysql
chmod 775 /opt/workspace/mysql[b]8.启动mysql[/b]
/usr/local/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld_safe &[b]9.添加到系统的启动目录[/b]
cp /usr/local/mysql5.5/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql start
/etc/init.d/mysql stop
/etc/init.d/mysql restart
[b]10.运行客户端[/b]
/usr/local/mysql5.5/bin/mysql启动成功
查询数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
[b]11.设置密码[/b]
/usr/local/mysql5.5/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password '360buy'参看密码是否生效
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
进不去了，说明已经生效
[b]12.使用密码登录[/b]
/usr/local/mysql5.5/bin/mysql -uroot -p输入刚刚新建的密码，就可以进去了
[b]13.修改my.cnf[/b]
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
datadir = /opt/workspace/mysql
wait_timeout=864000
interactive-timeout=864000
max_connections=2048
user=mysql
old_passwords=1
default-character-set=utf-8
skip-character-set-client-handshake
wait_timeout=864000
interactive-timeout=864000
max_connections=2000
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
[client]
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
#default-character-set=utf8
[b]14.登录客户端查看[/b]
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | latin1 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
除了system为utf8，其他最好为latin1，否则可能出现异常com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes ）
数据库引擎
mysql> show engines; （最好有InnoDB模式支持）
+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints |
+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| ndbcluster | NO | Clustered, fault-tolerant tables | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO |
| BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO |
| CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO |
| FEDERATED | NO | Federated MySQL storage engine | NULL | NULL | NULL |
| ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO |
| InnoDB | YES | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES |
| MyISAM | DEFAULT | Default engine as of MySQL 3.23 with great performance | NO | NO | NO |
+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[b]15.远程访问mysql[/b]
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY "root";
mysql> flush privileges;第一句中"%"表示任何主机都可以远程登录到该服务器上访问。如果要限制只有某台机器可以访问，将其换成相应的IP即可，如：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"192.168.105.83" IDENTIFIED BY "root";
第二句表示从mysql数据库的grant表中重新加载权限数据。因为MySQL把权限都放在了cache中，所以在做完更改后需要重新加载。
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