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一天一个C Run-Time Library 函数(4) abs _abs64
write by 九天雁翎(JTianLing) -- blog.youkuaiyun.com/vagrxie
msdn:
Calculate the absolute value.
|
|
int abs(
int n
);
long
abs(
long n
); // C++ only
double
abs(
double n
); // C++ only
long
double abs(
long double n
); // C++ only
float
abs(
float n
); // C++ only
__int64
_abs64(
__int64 n
);
|
这里要说明的是c++因为有重载的技术,所以都可以用abs来表示,而C语言里面实际还有labs函数,用来表示long类型的绝对值。
测试程序:
虽然MSDN都有example,但是对于这么简单的函数,就没有必要贴了。
说明:
功能很简单,也很实用的函数。以前学习c++的时候有用到过,可是实际上工作以后竟然一次也没有用过。
实现:
MS:
int __cdecl abs (
int number
)
{
return(
number>=0 ? number
: -number );
}
gcc:
/* Return
the absolute value of I. */
int
abs (int
i)
{
return i
< 0 ? -i : i;
}
再次验证了一件事情,那就是gcc和MS的势不两立,(突然觉得把gcc与MS并称很奇怪,因为根本不是同一类的事物。。。。就以MS代指VC2005吧。。。)
这么一个简单的函数,实现方式上几乎没有选择,即便是同样的?:结构,MS选择了判断>=,gcc选择了判断<,再次发挥我BT的精神,决定看一下他们生成的汇编代码。为了公正,先都在VS2005看看生成的代码。
MS:
0041140E cmp
dword ptr [number],0
00411412 jl
MSabs+2Fh (41141Fh)
00411414 mov
eax,dword ptr [number]
00411417 mov
dword ptr [ebp-0C4h],eax
0041141D jmp
MSabs+3Ah (41142Ah)
0041141F mov
ecx,dword ptr [number]
00411422 neg
ecx
00411424 mov
dword ptr [ebp-0C4h],ecx
0041142A mov
eax,dword ptr [ebp-0C4h]
gcc:
004113BE cmp
dword ptr [i],0
004113C2 jge
GCCabs+31h (4113D1h)
004113C4 mov
eax,dword ptr [i]
004113C7 neg
eax
004113C9 mov
dword ptr [ebp-0C4h],eax
004113CF jmp
GCCabs+3Ah (4113DAh)
004113D1 mov
ecx,dword ptr [i]
004113D4 mov
dword ptr [ebp-0C4h],ecx
004113DA mov
eax,dword ptr [ebp-0C4h]
DEBUG下才能看到老实的逐句解析的代码,Release下简单的abs函数调用都直接在编译期间就计算完了。说实话,即使在DEBUG版本中我看不出来两者有什么区别。两者在参数为正,或为负的时候都需要一次jmp。唯一也许有不同的可能就是neg eax的时候也许比neg ecx会快一点。(这还是个人猜想,因为毕竟eax是最常用也是CPU设计时提供最快操作的寄存器)
效率测试:
实在不想再测试效率了,对于这样简单的函数测试一百亿次也看不出什么东西。这也是我为什么去看汇编出来的东西。何况,release的时候还被优化了呢。。。
相关函数:
无
个人想法:
对于这样简单的函数想怎么用就怎么用吧。假如用的是纯C,那么可能需要注意64位的实现是由MS实现的,linux下没有。但是c99已经定义了新的long long类型的abs。用gcc的人就可以用这个,函数名为llabs。
用c++的话根本不需要操心类似的东西,也不需要关心到底使用labs,llabs还是其他,因为我们有重载。在libstdc++中abs(long)就调用glibc的labs来完成,而abs(long long)在libstdc++中也有实现。
另外,不知道为什么这里即便是C语言的实现MS,GCC也都没有用习惯的宏,因此在这里,c++的函数调用会比C语言的版本快一点,因为C++还有inline。
今天对我来说是周末,偷懒了:)其实这么一个简单的函数也没有太多好说的。想用就用吧。
write
by 九天雁翎(JTianLing)
-- blog.youkuaiyun.com/vagrxie