Grade Your Website: 31 Free Online Tests

本文介绍了一系列用于评估网站质量的工具,涵盖代码验证、访问性改进、加载速度优化、浏览器兼容性和搜索引擎优化等方面,帮助网站管理员提升用户体验并增强网站性能。

If someone asked you at what grade level your site’s content was written, could you tell them? What about whether it was fully compatible with every major browser? How many seconds it took to load? Can you confidently state that there are no broken links on your site right now?

Although it may seem unimportant to replace an Rich Text apostrophe with the HTML equivalent or to make sure your WHOIS record is perfect, the reality is that the more accessible and polished your website is, the greater chance you have to secure more readership, and, most importantly, more revenue.

If you’re serious about maintaining a well-rounded, efficient website, the cheapest (and perhaps best) way to make sure you’re on the right track is self-evaluation. To get you started, we’ve put together a list containing 31 of our favorite tools for “grading” your website.

Code Validation

The foundation for every website is fundamentally sound source code. Unfortunately programmers aren’t always the most meticulous type of people. They’d rather hash out the difficult stuff and leave the details to someone else, and that’s where code validation comes in. To make sure your website’s source code and features are fully functional you should run it through the following validation tests.

  1. WDG HTML Validator - EDITOR’S CHOICE - Excellent tool for identifying syntax errors on pages driven by markup languages. Also has an option to recursively check for errors on every page in the website directory.

  2. W3C Markup Validation Service - Traverses HTML and XHTML markup for syntax errors. Boasts the title of first (and most used) HTML validator on the internet.

  3. W3C CSS Validation Service - Checks CSS documents for errors in source code. Also gives warnings for code that doesn’t exhibit the best design practices; e.g. “Same colors for color and background-color in two contexts.”

  4. RUWF? XML Syntax Checker - Checks for malformed data in XML documents.

  5. W3C Feed Validation Service - Checks the syntax of Atom and RSS feeds for errors.

  6. W3C Link Checker - EDITOR’S CHOICE - Searches for and identifies broken links. Specifically checks that all the links are dereferenceable, no links and anchors are defined twice and warns about invalid http and directory redirects.

  7. Juicy Studio Link Analyser - Tests the links on a page for Urls that resolve successfully. Works similar to W3C Link Checker.

Accessibility

All too often we see webmasters designing websites that focus on looking attractive while completely failing to consider the impact of visitor accessibility. Unfortunately, an ineffective or difficult to navigate website is certain to fail, no matter how attractive it is. To make sure your visitors are getting the information they need (and thus becoming repeat visitors), your website should follow various WCAG and section 508 accessibility guidelines.

  1. Watchfire WebXACT - EDITOR’S CHOICE - A must use tool for all serious designers and developers. Generates a very detailed report on the quality, accessibility and privacy of a website.

  2. ATRC Web Accessibility Checker - Tests webpages for WCAG 2.0 Level2 compatibility. Generates a report with a series of recommendations for bringing headers, links, metadata, tables and text up to speed.

  3. WAVE 3.0 Web Accessibility Tool - EDITOR’S CHOICE - Highly customizable tool that uses a graphical model to display website compatibility issues with WCAG 1.0 and section 508.

  4. TAW Web Accessibility Test - Tests webpages for conflicts with WCAG 1.0 compatibility and reports issues via a graphical model. Generates recommendations based upon WCAG priority model.

  5. HiSoftware CynthiaSays portal - Uses a very strict policy to test webpages for section 508 and WCAG 1.0 compliance. Reports results in an extremely detailed (yet difficult to read) table.

  6. HERA Accessibility testing with Style - Uses a very sophisticated and easy to read approach to point out WCAG 1.0 compatibility issues with a particular webpage.

  7. Juicy Studio CSS Analyser - Performs a color contrast test to make sure your sites CSS color scheme meets WCAG 1.0 requirements.

  8. Juiciy Studio Readability Test - Analyzes the language on your website based upon the Flesch Reading Ease and Flesch-Kincaid grade level algorithms. Useful for determining if you’re speaking over the head of your readers.

Speed

How fast your website loads is often a key factor in getting visitors to return. In many cases if a visitor has a slow internet connection, they won’t even bother to visit websites dominated by large images, flash files and multimedia documents. To maximize your website’s reach, you’ll need to maintain webpages that can get the job done fast.

  1. Web Page Analyzer from Website Optimization - EDITOR’S CHOICE - An excellent tool that analyzes a webpage and gives recommendations for decreasing loading time. Focuses on optimizing the number of objects, images and overall size of the webpage.

  2. WebSitePulse Test Tools - A series of tools for identifying website load times and hostname information.

  3. Internet Supervision Url Check - Generates load times of your webpage from various servers around the world. Useful for determining if your extended audience is actually receiving your message.

Browser Simulators

Perhaps the most common problem in web development is failing to make sure that a website renders properly for every operating system and browser. Attempting to address the problem manually, however, is never an easy task because developers typically have access to two operating systems (at best) and usually no more than a few browsers. To combat this we recommend you check out the following resources that allow you to see what your website looks like on various platforms.

  1. Browsershots - Takes screenshots of your website in various browsers and platforms including Firefox and Internet Explorer on Windows, Firefox and Safari on Mac OS X and Iceweasal and Konqueror on Linux. Unfortunately the tool requires you to wait up to three hours in a processing queue before retrieving your screenshots.

  2. IE NetRenderer - Generates real time screenshots of your website on Internet Explorer versions 5.5, 6.0 and 7.0.

  3. MobiReady Report – Analyzes your webpage for compatibility issues on a mobile phone. Generates a detailed report on potential viewing problems and offers a glimpse as to what the website would look like on two different types of mobile phone browsers.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

Developing a website with an “SEO friendly” model is a sure way to gain an edge on the competition. By making the most out of the following tools, you’ll develop a better understanding of who your audience is and will likely help you come up with more effective ways of appealing to them.

  1. UrlTrends - EDITOR’S CHOICE - Graphically displays a website’s visitor traffic information by search engine prevalence. Extracts information from Google, Yahoo, MSN, Alexa, AlltheWeb, AltaVista and more.

  2. iWEBTOOL Backlink Checker - Excellent tool for figuring out which sites are linking to yours, and what part of the site they’re linking to.

  3. iWEBTOOL Multi-Rank Checker - Neatly displays your pages’ Alexa and Google PageRank stats.

  4. Microsoft adCenter Labs: Advertising and Keyword Research Tools - EDITOR’S CHOICE - A fantastic set of tools for analyzing and predicting the audience and market of your website.

  5. Domain Tools Whois lookup - Comprehensive Whois tool that displays all of the standard domain information and calculates the efficiency of a websites markup when seen through the eyes of a search engine spider.

  6. SEO-Browser - Strips your website of all the “pretty” components to show you how it looks to a search engine. Very useful tool to make sure your design is on the right track.

  7. SEO Workers SEO Analysis Tool - EDITOR’S CHOICE - Extremely useful tool that analyzes an assortment of page features including meta tags, keyword density and load time.

  8. Seekport Seekbot - Analyzes a website’s metadata and textual content to determine how effective a search engine would interpret the website.

  9. SEO Chat SEO Tools - A stock pile of SEO tools for measuring Google AdSense earning potential, keyword density, meta tag effectiveness and much more.

  10. Marketleap Search Engine Marketing Tools - A group of tools used to analyze the popularity of a particular webpage, how well your site is indexed in search engines and how well you rank for particular keywords.


http://www.avivadirectory.com/free-online-tests/

<think> 我们正在解决 ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'tests.settings' 的错误。 根据之前的引用,虽然引用[1]和引用[2]提到了其他模块缺失的错误,但我们可以借鉴其思路:这类错误通常是由于环境配置或路径设置问题导致Python解释器无法找到指定的模块。 错误信息:ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'tests.settings' 可能的原因: 1. 缺少名为 `tests` 的包(或模块)中的 `settings` 模块。 2. 当前运行环境(如PYTHONPATH)没有包含包含 `tests` 包的目录。 3. 项目结构问题,导致运行脚本时无法正确解析相对导入。 解决方法: ### 步骤1: 确认项目结构 确保项目目录中包含 `tests` 包(即包含 `__init__.py` 文件的目录),并且其中存在 `settings.py` 文件。 示例项目结构: ``` project_root/ │ ├── tests/ │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── settings.py <-- 确保这个文件存在 │ └── ...其他文件... │ └── ...其他文件和目录... ``` ### 步骤2: 检查运行环境 - 确保运行脚本时,当前工作目录是项目的根目录(即 `project_root` 目录),这样Python才能正确识别 `tests` 包。 - 如果使用命令行运行,应在项目根目录下执行脚本。例如,如果你的脚本在 `project_root/scripts/run.py` 中,并且该脚本导入了 `tests.settings`,那么你应该在 `project_root` 下运行: ```bash python scripts/run.py ``` 而不是在 `scripts` 目录下运行(这样会导致 `tests` 包不在当前搜索路径中)。 ### 步骤3: 设置PYTHONPATH环境变量 如果必须在其他目录运行,可以设置环境变量 `PYTHONPATH` 来添加项目根目录。 - 在Linux/macOS中: ```bash export PYTHONPATH=/path/to/project_root:$PYTHONPATH python /path/to/your_script.py ``` - 在Windows中: ```cmd set PYTHONPATH=C:\path\to\project_root;%PYTHONPATH% python C:\path\to\your_script.py ``` ### 步骤4: 在PyCharm中配置 如果你使用PyCharm,请确保: 1. 已将项目根目录标记为“Sources Root”:右键项目根目录 -> Mark Directory as -> Sources Root。 2. 运行配置中的工作目录设置为项目根目录: - 打开Run/Debug Configurations - 在“Working directory”中选择项目根目录。 ### 步骤5: 检查导入语句 确保在代码中导入 `tests.settings` 的方式正确: ```python from tests import settings # 或 from tests.settings import some_variable ``` ### 步骤6: 安装项目依赖(如果项目是一个包) 如果 `tests` 是项目的一部分,且项目本身是一个可安装的包,确保你已经以可编辑模式安装了项目,这样在开发过程中更改会即时反映。 ```bash pip install -e . ``` 如果以上步骤仍不能解决问题,请提供项目的目录结构和运行脚本的具体位置,以便进一步诊断。 相关问题: 1. 如何正确设置Python项目的目录结构以解决导入问题? 2. 在PyCharm中如何配置运行环境以避免ModuleNotFoundError? 3. 如何使用PYTHONPATH环境变量来添加自定义模块路径? 4. 如何以可编辑模式安装Python包? </think> ### 解决 Python 中 `ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'tests.settings'` 错误的方法 这个错误表明 Python 无法找到名为 `tests.settings` 的模块,通常由以下原因引起。请按顺序排查解决方案: --- #### 1. **检查项目结构完整性(关键步骤)** - 确保项目中存在 `tests/settings.py` 文件 - 验证目录结构符合标准: ``` your_project/ ├── tests/ │ ├── __init__.py ← 必须有这个空文件使目录成为Python包 │ ├── settings.py ← 报错缺失的文件 │ └── test_*.py └── main.py ``` - 如果 `tests/settings.py` 不存在: - 从源码仓库重新获取该文件(如 Git 仓库) - 或手动创建文件并填充必要配置 - **特殊案例**:有些项目使用环境变量覆盖配置(如 `DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE`),需检查环境变量设置[^1] --- #### 2. **修复导入路径问题** **错误示例**(在 `tests/` 目录外的脚本中): ```python from tests.settings import config # 可能引发路径错误 ``` **解决方案**: - 在项目根目录运行脚本: ```bash # 确保在包含 tests/ 的目录执行 python -m tests.your_test_module ``` - 修改导入方式: ```python # 方案1:相对导入(在tests目录内的脚本) from . import settings # 方案2:绝对导入(在项目根目录的脚本) from tests import settings ``` --- #### 3. **配置开发环境** **PyCharm 用户**: 1. 右键点击 `tests/` 目录 → **Mark Directory as** → **Sources Root** 2. 打开 **Run/Debug Configurations** → 设置 **Working Directory** 为项目根目录 **VS Code 用户**: 在 `.vscode/settings.json` 添加: ```json { "python.autoComplete.extraPaths": ["./tests"], "terminal.integrated.env.linux": {"PYTHONPATH": "${workspaceFolder}"} } ``` --- #### 4. **验证 PYTHONPATH 环境变量** - Linux/macOS: ```bash # 临时生效 export PYTHONPATH=$PWD:$PYTHONPATH # 永久生效(添加到~/.bashrc) echo "export PYTHONPATH=\"/path/to/your_project:$PYTHONPATH\"" >> ~/.bashrc ``` - Windows: ```powershell # 命令行设置 set PYTHONPATH=C:\path\to\your_project;%PYTHONPATH% # 永久设置(系统属性 → 环境变量) ``` --- #### 5. **检查特殊框架配置** 某些框架(如 Django/Pytest)需要额外配置: - **Django**:确认 `manage.py` 设置了正确的 `DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE` ```python os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'tests.settings') ``` - **Pytest**:在 `pytest.ini` 添加: ```ini [pytest] pythonpath = tests/ ``` --- ### 故障排除流程图 ```mermaid graph TD A[出现 ModuleNotFoundError] --> B{检查 tests/settings.py 是否存在} B -->|存在| C[验证目录包含 __init__.py] B -->|不存在| D[从源码恢复/创建文件] C --> E[检查 PYTHONPATH 配置] E --> F[检查运行目录是否正确] F --> G[验证框架特殊配置] G --> H[问题解决] ```
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