MFC简易对话框编程（一）

// TestDlg.cpp : implementation file // #include "stdafx.h" #include "Test.h" #include "TestDlg.h" #ifdef _DEBUG #define new DEBUG_NEW #undef THIS_FILE static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__; #endif ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CAboutDlg dialog used for App About class CAboutDlg : public CDialog { public: CAboutDlg(); // Dialog Data //{{AFX_DATA(CAboutDlg) enum { IDD = IDD_ABOUTBOX }; //}}AFX_DATA // ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides //{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CAboutDlg) protected: virtual void DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX); // DDX/DDV support //}}AFX_VIRTUAL // Implementation protected: //{{AFX_MSG(CAboutDlg) //}}AFX_MSG DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP() }; CAboutDlg::CAboutDlg() : CDialog(CAboutDlg::IDD) { //{{AFX_DATA_INIT(CAboutDlg) //}}AFX_DATA_INIT } void CAboutDlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX) { CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX); //{{AFX_DATA_MAP(CAboutDlg) //}}AFX_DATA_MAP } BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CAboutDlg, CDialog) //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CAboutDlg) // No message handlers //}}AFX_MSG_MAP END_MESSAGE_MAP() ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CTestDlg dialog CTestDlg::CTestDlg(CWnd* pParent /*=NULL*/) : CDialog(CTestDlg::IDD, pParent) { //{{AFX_DATA_INIT(CTestDlg) m_num1 = 0; m_num2 = 0; m_num3 = 0; //}}AFX_DATA_INIT // Note that LoadIcon does not require a subsequent DestroyIcon in Win32 m_hIcon = AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDR_MAINFRAME); } void CTestDlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX) { CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX); //{{AFX_DATA_MAP(CTestDlg) DDX_Control(pDX, IDC_EDIT3, m_edit3); DDX_Control(pDX, IDC_EDIT2, m_edit2); DDX_Control(pDX, IDC_EDIT1, m_edit1); DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_EDIT1, m_num1); DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_EDIT2, m_num2); DDX_Text(pDX, IDC_EDIT3, m_num3); //}}AFX_DATA_MAP } BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CTestDlg, CDialog) //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CTestDlg) ON_WM_SYSCOMMAND() ON_WM_PAINT() ON_WM_QUERYDRAGICON() ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_ADD, OnAdd) ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BUTTON1, OnButton1) //}}AFX_MSG_MAP END_MESSAGE_MAP() ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CTestDlg message handlers BOOL CTestDlg::OnInitDialog() { CDialog::OnInitDialog(); // Add "About..." menu item to system menu. // IDM_ABOUTBOX must be in the system command range. ASSERT((IDM_ABOUTBOX & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX); ASSERT(IDM_ABOUTBOX < 0xF000); CMenu* pSysMenu = GetSystemMenu(FALSE); if (pSysMenu != NULL) { CString strAboutMenu; strAboutMenu.LoadString(IDS_ABOUTBOX); if (!strAboutMenu.IsEmpty()) { pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_SEPARATOR); pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_STRING, IDM_ABOUTBOX, strAboutMenu); } } // Set the icon for this dialog. The framework does this automatically // when the application's main window is not a dialog SetIcon(m_hIcon, TRUE); // Set big icon SetIcon(m_hIcon, FALSE); // Set small icon // TODO: Add extra initialization here return TRUE; // return TRUE unless you set the focus to a control } void CTestDlg::OnSysCommand(UINT nID, LPARAM lParam) { if ((nID & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX) { CAboutDlg dlgAbout; dlgAbout.DoModal(); } else { CDialog::OnSysCommand(nID, lParam); } } // If you add a minimize button to your dialog, you will need the code below // to draw the icon. For MFC applications using the document/view model, // this is automatically done for you by the framework. void CTestDlg::OnPaint() { if (IsIconic()) { CPaintDC dc(this); // device context for painting SendMessage(WM_ICONERASEBKGND, (WPARAM) dc.GetSafeHdc(), 0); // Center icon in client rectangle int cxIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXICON); int cyIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYICON); CRect rect; GetClientRect(&rect); int x = (rect.Width() - cxIcon + 1) / 2; int y = (rect.Height() - cyIcon + 1) / 2; // Draw the icon dc.DrawIcon(x, y, m_hIcon); } else { CDialog::OnPaint(); } } // The system calls this to obtain the cursor to display while the user drags // the minimized window. HCURSOR CTestDlg::OnQueryDragIcon() { return (HCURSOR) m_hIcon; } void CTestDlg::OnAdd() { /* if(!m_bIsCreated) { m_btn.Create("NEW",BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON | WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD,CRect(0,0,100,100),this,123); m_bIsCreated=TRUE; } else { m_btn.DestroyWindow(); m_bIsCreated=FALSE; }*/ /* if(!m_btn.m_hWnd) { m_btn.Create("NEW",BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON | WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD,CRect(0,0,100,100),this,123); } else m_btn.DestroyWindow();*/ /* int num1,num2,num3; char ch1[11],ch2[11],ch3[11]; GetDlgItem(IDC_EDIT1)->GetWindowText(ch1,11); GetDlgItem(IDC_EDIT2)->GetWindowText(ch2,11); num1=atoi(ch1); num2=atoi(ch2); num3=num1+num2; itoa(num3,ch3,10); GetDlgItem(IDC_EDIT3)->SetWindowText(ch3);*/ /* int num1,num2,num3; char ch1[11],ch2[11],ch3[11]; GetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT1,ch1,11); GetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT2,ch2,11); num1=atoi(ch1); num2=atoi(ch2); num3=num1+num2; itoa(num3,ch3,10);//最后的数字是进制 SetDlgItemText(IDC_EDIT3,ch3);*/ /* int num1,num2,num3; num1=GetDlgItemInt(IDC_EDIT1); num2=GetDlgItemInt(IDC_EDIT2); num3=num1+num2; SetDlgItemInt(IDC_EDIT3,num3);*/ /* BOOL UpdateData( BOOL bSaveAndValidate = TRUE ); bSaveAndValidate Flag that indicates whether dialog box is being initialized (FALSE) or data is being retrieved (TRUE).*/ /* UpdateData(); m_num3=m_num1+m_num2; UpdateData(FALSE);*/ /* int num1,num2,num3; char ch1[11],ch2[11],ch3[11]; m_edit1.GetWindowText(ch1,11); m_edit2.GetWindowText(ch2,11); num1=atoi(ch1); num2=atoi(ch2); num3=num1+num2; itoa(num3,ch3,10); m_edit3.SetWindowText(ch3);*/ /* int num1,num2,num3; char ch1[11],ch2[11],ch3[11]; m_edit1.SendMessage(WM_GETTEXT,11,(LPARAM)ch1); m_edit2.SendMessage(WM_GETTEXT,11,(LPARAM)ch2); num1=atoi(ch1); num2=atoi(ch2); num3=num1+num2; itoa(num3,ch3,10); ::SendMessage(m_edit3.m_hWnd,WM_SETTEXT,0,(LPARAM)ch3);*/ int num1,num2,num3; char ch1[11],ch2[11],ch3[11]; SendDlgItemMessage(IDC_EDIT1,WM_GETTEXT,11,(LPARAM)ch1); SendDlgItemMessage(IDC_EDIT2,WM_GETTEXT,11,(LPARAM)ch2); num1=atoi(ch1); num2=atoi(ch2); num3=num1+num2; itoa(num3,ch3,10); SendDlgItemMessage(IDC_EDIT3,WM_SETTEXT,0,(LPARAM)ch3); //复选内容 SendDlgItemMessage(IDC_EDIT3,EM_SETSEL,1,3); //设置焦点 m_edit3.SetFocus(); } void CTestDlg::OnButton1() { // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here CString str; if(GetDlgItemText(IDC_BUTTON1,str),str=="收缩<<") { SetDlgItemText(IDC_BUTTON1,"扩展>>"); } else { SetDlgItemText(IDC_BUTTON1,"收缩<<"); } static CRect rectLarge; static CRect rectSmall; if(rectLarge.IsRectEmpty()) { CRect rectSeparator; GetWindowRect(&rectLarge); GetDlgItem(IDC_SEPARATOR)->GetWindowRect(&rectSeparator); rectSmall.left=rectLarge.left; rectSmall.top=rectLarge.top; rectSmall.right=rectSeparator.right; rectSmall.bottom=rectLarge.bottom; } if(str=="收缩<<") { SetWindowPos(NULL,0,0,rectSmall.Width(),rectSmall.Height(),SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOZORDER); } else { SetWindowPos(NULL,0,0,rectLarge.Width(),rectLarge.Height(),SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOZORDER); } }

效果

重要掌握的是访问编辑框控件的几种方式和伸缩变换对话框的实现

访问编辑框控件方面代码中用了七种方式，主要如下：

1、GetDlgItem()->Get(Set)WindowText()；

2、GetDlgItemText()/SetDlgItemText()；

3、GetDlgItemInt()/SetDlgItemInt()；

4、将控件与整形变量相关联

5、将控件和控件变量相关联

6、SendMessage()；

7、SendDlgItemMessage()；

第1、4、5是比较常用的

几个函数的原型和用法都可以在MSDN中查到，这里就不再贴出了,简要说下用法

CWnd* GetDlgItem( int nID ) const; //返回指定ID号的窗口的指针

int GetWindowText( LPTSTR lpszStringBuf, int nMaxCount ) const; //将指定控件的文本信息存放在用户提供的一个Buffer中

void SetDlgItemText( int nID, LPCTSTR lpszString ); //第一种方法的两个函数的结合

UINT GetDlgItemInt( int nID, BOOL* lpTrans = NULL, BOOL bSigned = TRUE ) const; //保存控件信息的整形信息

在用第四种方法时，用到了Updatedata()这个函数

BOOL UpdateData( BOOL bSaveAndValidate = TRUE );

bSaveAndValidate

Flag that indicates whether dialog box is being initialized (FALSE) or data is being retrieved (TRUE).

看得出当参数为FALSE时候就是初始化对话框控件，TRUE时就是接收数据初始化控件中的值.

Windows程序是基于消息的，因此可以用获取或设置窗口文本的消息，通过SendMessage()来发送，得到该信息后，系统就会将指定窗口中的文本复制到调用者提供的一个缓存中，获取文本的消息是WM_GETTEXT。在这个消息的另外两个附加参数中，wParam指定将复制的字符数，lParam就是那个缓存地址，记得要强制转换。

设置文本的消息是WM_SETTEXT，这个消息的wParam参数没有被调用，值为0，lParam参数指定了用来设置文本的字符串的地址。

最后一种方式是通过SendDlgItemMessage()函数直接给控件发送信息。

至于对话框的伸缩变换的功能的实现是通过SetWindowPos()函数来实现的，关于这个函数的介绍看上一篇日记。保存缩放前的对话框的大小和通过获取分割线（其实就是一张图，不过是拉成一条线）的大小 来实现的GetWindowRect()这个函数可以返回调用它的窗口的大小的一个矩形坐标