Springboot-自定义运行监听器(SpringApplicationRunListener)

文章展示了如何在Springboot应用中创建自定义的运行时监听器,通过实现SpringApplicationRunListener接口并配置在spring.factories文件中,监听应用程序的启动过程,包括环境准备、上下文创建等各个阶段。

摘要生成于 C知道 ,由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持, 前往体验 >

Springboot暴露了对运行时过程监听的接口,其默认实现是org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener,通过此监听器进行发布相关事件,同时开发人员也可以自定义该接口的实现。

  • 新建maven工程
  • pom.xml如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>starter-test</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>web</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>
  • 自定义监听器
package org.example.listener;

import org.springframework.boot.ConfigurableBootstrapContext;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;

import java.time.Duration;


public class CustomizedSpringApplicationRunListener implements SpringApplicationRunListener {


    public CustomizedSpringApplicationRunListener(SpringApplication application, String[] args) {

    }

    @Override
    public void starting(ConfigurableBootstrapContext bootstrapContext) {
        System.out.println("----------CustomizedSpringApplicationRunListener.starting()");
    }

    @Override
    public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableBootstrapContext bootstrapContext, ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
        System.out.println("----------CustomizedSpringApplicationRunListener.environmentPrepared()");
    }

    @Override
    public void contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
        System.out.println("----------CustomizedSpringApplicationRunListener.contextPrepared()");
    }

    @Override
    public void contextLoaded(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
        System.out.println("----------CustomizedSpringApplicationRunListener.contextLoaded()");
    }

    @Override
    public void started(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Duration timeTaken) {
        System.out.println("----------CustomizedSpringApplicationRunListener.started()");
    }

    @Override
    public void ready(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Duration timeTaken) {
        System.out.println("----------CustomizedSpringApplicationRunListener.ready()");
    }

    @Override
    public void failed(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) {
        System.out.println("----------CustomizedSpringApplicationRunListener.failed()");
    }
}
  • 配置监听器
  • resources/META-INFO/spring.factories文件中增加自定义的运行监听器

org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=\
org.example.listener.CustomizedSpringApplicationRunListener
  • 启动引导类

package org.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Main.class,args);
    }
}
  • 控制台输出
/Users/xiaosa/dev_tools/jdk-17.0.4.1.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -javaagent:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA CE.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar=51343:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA CE.app/Contents/bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /Users/xiaosa/idea_project/starter-test/web/target/classes:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-web/2.7.0/spring-boot-starter-web-2.7.0.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter/2.7.0/spring-boot-starter-2.7.0.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/2.7.0/spring-boot-2.7.0.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-autoconfigure/2.7.0/spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.7.0.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-logging/2.7.0/spring-boot-starter-logging-2.7.0.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.2.11/logback-classic-1.2.11.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-core/1.2.11/logback-core-1.2.11.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.36/slf4j-api-1.7.36.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-to-slf4j/2.17.2/log4j-to-slf4j-2.17.2.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-api/2.17.2/log4j-api-2.17.2.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/jul-to-slf4j/1.7.36/jul-to-slf4j-1.7.36.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/jakarta/annotation/jakarta.annotation-api/1.3.5/jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-core/5.3.20/spring-core-5.3.20.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-jcl/5.3.20/spring-jcl-5.3.20.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/yaml/snakeyaml/1.30/snakeyaml-1.30.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-json/2.7.0/spring-boot-starter-json-2.7.0.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-databind/2.13.3/jackson-databind-2.13.3.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-annotations/2.13.3/jackson-annotations-2.13.3.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-core/2.13.3/jackson-core-2.13.3.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/datatype/jackson-datatype-jdk8/2.13.3/jackson-datatype-jdk8-2.13.3.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/datatype/jackson-datatype-jsr310/2.13.3/jackson-datatype-jsr310-2.13.3.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/module/jackson-module-parameter-names/2.13.3/jackson-module-parameter-names-2.13.3.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-tomcat/2.7.0/spring-boot-starter-tomcat-2.7.0.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/9.0.63/tomcat-embed-core-9.0.63.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-el/9.0.63/tomcat-embed-el-9.0.63.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-websocket/9.0.63/tomcat-embed-websocket-9.0.63.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-web/5.3.20/spring-web-5.3.20.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-beans/5.3.20/spring-beans-5.3.20.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-webmvc/5.3.20/spring-webmvc-5.3.20.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-aop/5.3.20/spring-aop-5.3.20.jar:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-expression/5.3.20/spring-expression-5.3.20.jar:/Users/xiaosa/idea_project/starter-test/hello-starter/target/classes:/Users/xiaosa/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-context/5.3.20/spring-context-5.3.20.jar org.example.Main
----------CustomizedSpringApplicationRunListener.starting()
----------CustomizedSpringApplicationRunListener.environmentPrepared()

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v2.7.0)

----------CustomizedSpringApplicationRunListener.contextPrepared()
2023-03-25 01:32:12.774  INFO 15757 --- [           main] org.example.Main                         : Starting Main using Java 17.0.4.1 on XIAOSAdeMacBook-Pro.local with PID 15757 (/Users/xiaosa/idea_project/starter-test/web/target/classes started by xiaosa in /Users/xiaosa/idea_project/starter-test)
2023-03-25 01:32:12.776  INFO 15757 --- [           main] org.example.Main                         : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
----------CustomizedSpringApplicationRunListener.contextLoaded()
2023-03-25 01:32:13.165  INFO 15757 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2023-03-25 01:32:13.170  INFO 15757 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2023-03-25 01:32:13.171  INFO 15757 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.63]
2023-03-25 01:32:13.210  INFO 15757 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2023-03-25 01:32:13.210  INFO 15757 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 411 ms
2023-03-25 01:32:13.360  INFO 15757 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2023-03-25 01:32:13.366  INFO 15757 --- [           main] org.example.Main                         : Started Main in 0.967 seconds (JVM running for 1.124)
----------CustomizedSpringApplicationRunListener.started()
----------CustomizedSpringApplicationRunListener.ready()

自定义运行监听器已生效。

  • 原理

Springboot在启动时会加载一个SpringFactoriesLoader类,该类的作用就是加载classpath下所有的jar文件中的META-INF/spring.factories文件,并读取对应的配置。将相关的Listener注册到Spring容器中。容器在启动过程中,在不同的阶段调用相关的Listener。

已start为例:

SpringApplication.run()

### Spring Boot监听器的工作过程和实现方式 #### 听器初始化阶段 在`SpringApplication#run`方法执行期间,会创建并初始化一系列监听器实例。默认情况下,这些监听器是`EventPublishRunListener`类型的对象,它们被存储在一个名为listeners的数组中[^4]。 ```java // 获取 SpringApplicationRunListener 实例数组,默认获取的是 EventPublishRunListener SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = this.getRunListeners(args); ``` #### 监听器启动通知 一旦监听器准备就绪,在应用程序生命周期的不同关键时刻,将会触发相应的事件来通知所有的监听器。例如,在应用刚开始启动的时候: ```java // 启动监听,重点关注此行代码 listeners.starting(bootstrapContext, this.mainApplicationClass); ``` 这一步骤确保了所有注册过的监听器都能接收到关于程序状态变化的通知,并有机会做出响应动作。 #### 应用上下文刷新 当进入实际的应用上下文构建环节时,最终会调用到`AbstractApplicationContext.refresh()`方法。在此过程中间发生的任何重要变动都会再次广播给之前提到的那些监听者们[^2]。 #### 定制化扩展 除了内置的支持外,开发人员还可以自定义自己的监听组件。只需要简单地继承特定接口(比如`ApplicationListener<EventType>`),就可以轻松接入整个框架之中,从而实现更加灵活的功能需求。 对于希望进一步深入了解这部分内容的人来说,可以查看官方文档或者源码中的具体实现细节;另外也可以尝试编写一些简单的例子来进行实践操作,加深理解。
评论 1
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值