How To get the usbdisk's drive letter properly

Introduction

We know USB disk should be a removable disk just like floppy disk, and be used more and more widely now. Because, the USB disk is more faster, reliable, and affordable than old floppy disk.

So, when we want to check one disk or drive of target system is removable or not, we may be thinking of using API function "GetDriveType()". Yes, it really works on some USB device, such as 16MB, 32MB, 64MB, and 128MB. ;-) Here, how about removable hard disk which is connected to system by USB channel? - Windows will report them as 'Fix Disk', and we would get the same result using 'GetDriveType()' function.

How can we differentiate between these USB ‘Fix Disk’ and Those IDE ‘Fix Disk’? Here is the solution for this event.

Background

(Why do I want get the USB disks' drive letter properly? Because I want to check the virus while one new USB drive is inserted. We should not be remiss of the virus which is more and more technical day by day:)

Since we can get the base information about the disk type (using API Function ‘GetDriveType()’), we may only want to check the ‘Removable Hard Disk’ to verify its bus-type. Well, we’ll have two steps to get the USB disk’s drive letters:

Code Thoughts

1. Get the disks base information:

switch ( GetDriveType( szDrvName ) ) 
{
 case 0: // The drive type cannot be determined.
 case 1: // The root directory does not exist.
 drivetype = DRVUNKNOWN;
 break;
 case DRIVE_REMOVABLE: // The drive can be removed from the drive.
 drivetype = DRVREMOVE;
 break;
 case DRIVE_CDROM: // The drive is a CD-ROM drive.
 break;
 case DRIVE_FIXED: // The disk cannot be removed from the drive.
 drivetype = DRVFIXED;
 break;
 case DRIVE_REMOTE: // The drive is a remote (network) drive.
 drivetype = DRVREMOTE;
 break;
 case DRIVE_RAMDISK: // The drive is a RAM disk.
 drivetype = DRVRAM;
 break;
}

These codes above are based on ‘Article ID: Q161300 HOWTO: Determine the Type of Drive Using Win32’ from MSDN.

2. Determinate the bus type of the ‘Fix Disk’:

Now, we may embed our codes at the ‘case = DRIVE_FIXED’:

Open the drive which we get now:

hDevice = CreateFile(szBuf, 
  GENERIC_READ, 
  FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, 
  NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, NULL, NULL);

If we opened this drive, check its BUSTYPE, using API GetDisksProperty():

if(GetDisksProperty(hDevice, pDevDesc))
{
 if(pDevDesc->BusType == BusTypeUsb) // This is the ‘Check Point’!!! ;-)
 {
  // We store the drive letter here
  szMoveDiskName[k] = chFirstDriveFromMask(temp); 
  szMoveDiskName[0]=k;
  k++;
 }
}

Close this drive when we finished our work on it:

CloseHandle(hDevice);

3. How does the GetDisksProperty() work?

/********************************************************
*
* FUNCTION: GetDisksProperty(HANDLE hDevice, 
* PSTORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR pDevDesc)
*
* PURPOSE: get the info of specified device
*
******************************************************/
BOOL GetDisksProperty(HANDLE hDevice, 
  PSTORAGE_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR pDevDesc)
{
 STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY Query; // input param for query
 DWORD dwOutBytes; // IOCTL output length
 BOOL bResult; // IOCTL return val

 // specify the query type
 Query.PropertyId = StorageDeviceProperty;
 Query.QueryType = PropertyStandardQuery;

 // Query using IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY 
 bResult = ::DeviceIoControl(hDevice, // device handle
 IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY, // info of device property
  &Query, sizeof(STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY), // input data buffer
  pDevDesc, pDevDesc->Size, // output data buffer
  &dwOutBytes, // out's length
  (LPOVERLAPPED)NULL); 

 return bResult;
}

Comments

1. There are some structures not commented, see usbdisks_src for them.;
2. Floppy drive (A: or B:) is reported as USB Disks by this demo, -And- it is easy to correct this, just putting some codes to the ‘case = DRIVE_REMOVABLE:‘;

History

• 2004-03-29 - 1st GO