【zoj1372】Networking最小生成树

Networking
Time Limit:1000MS     Memory Limit:10000KB     64bit IO Format:%lld & %llu

Description

You are assigned to design network connections between certain points in a wide area. You are given a set of points in the area, and a set of possible routes for the cables that may connect pairs of points. For each possible route between two points, you are given the length of the cable that is needed to connect the points over that route. Note that there may exist many possible routes between two given points. It is assumed that the given possible routes connect (directly or indirectly) each two points in the area. 
Your task is to design the network for the area, so that there is a connection (direct or indirect) between every two points (i.e., all the points are interconnected, but not necessarily by a direct cable), and that the total length of the used cable is minimal.

Input

The input file consists of a number of data sets. Each data set defines one required network. The first line of the set contains two integers: the first defines the number P of the given points, and the second the number R of given routes between the points. The following R lines define the given routes between the points, each giving three integer numbers: the first two numbers identify the points, and the third gives the length of the route. The numbers are separated with white spaces. A data set giving only one number P=0 denotes the end of the input. The data sets are separated with an empty line. 
The maximal number of points is 50. The maximal length of a given route is 100. The number of possible routes is unlimited. The nodes are identified with integers between 1 and P (inclusive). The routes between two points i and j may be given as i j or as j i. 

Output

For each data set, print one number on a separate line that gives the total length of the cable used for the entire designed network.

Sample Input

1 0

2 3
1 2 37
2 1 17
1 2 68

3 7
1 2 19
2 3 11
3 1 7
1 3 5
2 3 89
3 1 91
1 2 32

5 7
1 2 5
2 3 7
2 4 8
4 5 11
3 5 10
1 5 6
4 2 12

0

Sample Output

0
17
16
26
     
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int n,m,f[111];
struct node
{
	int a,b,c;
}x[10101];//要足够大
bool cmp(node x,node y)
{
	return x.c<y.c;
}
void init()
{
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
	f[i]=i;
}
int find(int x)
{
	if(x==f[x])
	return x;
	else
	return f[x]=find(f[x]);
}
int un(int a,int b)
{
int x=find(a);
int y=find(b);
if(x!=y)
{
	f[y]=x;
	return 1;
	}
	return 0;	
}
int main()
{
	while(scanf("%d",&n),n)
	{
		scanf("%d",&m);
		init();
		for(int i=0;i<m;i++)
		scanf("%d%d%d",&x[i].a,&x[i].b,&x[i].c);
		sort(x,x+m,cmp);
		int sum=0;
		for(int i=0;i<m;i++)
		{
			if(un(x[i].a,x[i].b))
			sum+=x[i].c;
		}
		printf("%d\n",sum);
	}
	return 0;
 } 


### ZOJ 1088 线段树 解题思路 #### 题目概述 ZOJ 1088 是一道涉及动态维护区间的经典问题。通常情况下,这类问题可以通过线段树来高效解决。题目可能涉及到对数组的区间修改以及单点查询或者区间查询。 --- #### 线段树的核心概念 线段树是一种基于分治思想的数据结构,能够快速处理区间上的各种操作,比如求和、最大值/最小值等。其基本原理如下: - **构建阶段**:通过递归方式将原数组划分为多个小区间,并存储在二叉树形式的节点中。 - **更新阶段**:当某一段区间被修改时,仅需沿着对应路径向下更新部分节点即可完成全局调整。 - **查询阶段**:利用懒惰标记(Lazy Propagation),可以在 $O(\log n)$ 时间复杂度内完成任意范围内的计算。 具体到本题,假设我们需要支持以下两种主要功能: 1. 对指定区间 `[L, R]` 执行某种操作(如增加固定数值 `val`); 2. 查询某一位置或特定区间的属性(如总和或其他统计量)。 以下是针对此场景设计的一种通用实现方案: --- #### 实现代码 (Python) ```python class SegmentTree: def __init__(self, size): self.size = size self.tree_sum = [0] * (4 * size) # 存储区间和 self.lazy_add = [0] * (4 * size) # 延迟更新标志 def push_up(self, node): """ 更新父节点 """ self.tree_sum[node] = self.tree_sum[2*node+1] + self.tree_sum[2*node+2] def build_tree(self, node, start, end, array): """ 构建线段树 """ if start == end: # 到达叶节点 self.tree_sum[node] = array[start] return mid = (start + end) // 2 self.build_tree(2*node+1, start, mid, array) self.build_tree(2*node+2, mid+1, end, array) self.push_up(node) def update_range(self, node, start, end, l, r, val): """ 区间更新 [l,r], 加上 val """ if l <= start and end <= r: # 当前区间完全覆盖目标区间 self.tree_sum[node] += (end - start + 1) * val self.lazy_add[node] += val return mid = (start + end) // 2 if self.lazy_add[node]: # 下传延迟标记 self.lazy_add[2*node+1] += self.lazy_add[node] self.lazy_add[2*node+2] += self.lazy_add[node] self.tree_sum[2*node+1] += (mid - start + 1) * self.lazy_add[node] self.tree_sum[2*node+2] += (end - mid) * self.lazy_add[node] self.lazy_add[node] = 0 if l <= mid: self.update_range(2*node+1, start, mid, l, r, val) if r > mid: self.update_range(2*node+2, mid+1, end, l, r, val) self.push_up(node) def query_sum(self, node, start, end, l, r): """ 查询区间[l,r]的和 """ if l <= start and end <= r: # 完全匹配 return self.tree_sum[node] mid = (start + end) // 2 res = 0 if self.lazy_add[node]: self.lazy_add[2*node+1] += self.lazy_add[node] self.lazy_add[2*node+2] += self.lazy_add[node] self.tree_sum[2*node+1] += (mid - start + 1) * self.lazy_add[node] self.tree_sum[2*node+2] += (end - mid) * self.lazy_add[node] self.lazy_add[node] = 0 if l <= mid: res += self.query_sum(2*node+1, start, mid, l, r) if r > mid: res += self.query_sum(2*node+2, mid+1, end, l, r) return res def solve(): import sys input = sys.stdin.read data = input().split() N, Q = int(data[0]), int(data[1]) # 数组大小 和 操作数量 A = list(map(int, data[2:N+2])) # 初始化数组 st = SegmentTree(N) st.build_tree(0, 0, N-1, A) idx = N + 2 results = [] for _ in range(Q): op_type = data[idx]; idx += 1 L, R = map(int, data[idx:idx+2]); idx += 2 if op_type == 'Q': # 查询[L,R]的和 result = st.query_sum(0, 0, N-1, L-1, R-1) results.append(result) elif op_type == 'U': # 修改[L,R]+X X = int(data[idx]); idx += 1 st.update_range(0, 0, N-1, L-1, R-1, X) print("\n".join(map(str, results))) solve() ``` --- #### 关键点解析 1. **初始化与构建**:在线段树创建过程中,需要遍历输入数据并将其映射至对应的叶子节点[^1]。 2. **延迟传播机制**:为了优化性能,在执行批量更新时不立即作用于所有受影响区域,而是记录更改意图并通过后续访问逐步生效[^2]。 3. **时间复杂度分析**:由于每层最多只访问两个子树分支,因此无论是更新还是查询都维持在 $O(\log n)$ 范围内[^3]。 ---
评论
成就一亿技术人!
拼手气红包6.0元
还能输入1000个字符
 
红包 添加红包
表情包 插入表情
 条评论被折叠 查看
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值