【LeetCode】Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock III

纯转载……

和前两道题比起来的话，这道题最难了，因为限制了交易次数。
解决问题的途径我想出来的是：既然最多只能完成两笔交易，而且交易之间没有重叠，那么就divide and conquer。
设i从0到n-1，那么针对每一个i，看看在prices的子序列[0,...,i][i,...,n-1]上分别取得的最大利润（第一题）即可。
这样初步一算，时间复杂度是O(n2)。

改进：
改进的方法就是动态规划了，那就是第一步扫描，先计算出子序列[0,...,i]中的最大利润，用一个数组保存下来，那么时间是O(n)。
第二步是逆向扫描，计算子序列[i,...,n-1]上的最大利润，这一步同时就能结合上一步的结果计算最终的最大利润了，这一步也是O(n)。
所以最后算法的复杂度就是O(n)的。

Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock III
Say you have an array for which the ith element is the price of a given stock on day i.
Design an algorithm to find the maximum profit. You may complete at most two transactions.
Note:
You may not engage in multiple transactions at the same time (ie, you must sell the stock before you buy again).

代码：12ms过大集合，一次性bug free，很happy

class Solution {
public:
    int maxProfit(vector<int> &prices) {
        // Start typing your C/C++ solution below
        // DO NOT write int main() function
        if(prices.size() <= 1)
            return 0;
            
        //stores the max profit in [0, ... , i] subarray in prices
        vector<int> maxEndWith;
        {//build the maxEndWith.
            int lowest = prices[0];
            int maxprofit = 0;
            maxEndWith.push_back(0);
            for(int i = 1; i < prices.size(); ++i) {
                int profit = prices[i] - lowest;
                if(profit > maxprofit) {
                    maxprofit = profit;
                }
                maxEndWith.push_back(maxprofit);
                if(prices[i] < lowest) lowest = prices[i];
            }
        }
        
        int ret = maxEndWith[prices.size() - 1];
        {//reverse to see what is the maxprofit of [i, ... , n-1] subarray in prices
        //and meanwhile calculate the final result
            int highest = prices[prices.size() - 1];
            int maxprofit = 0;
            for(int i = prices.size() - 2; i >= 0; --i) {
                int profit = highest - prices[i];
                if(profit > maxprofit)  maxprofit = profit;
                int finalprofit = maxprofit + maxEndWith[i];
                if(finalprofit > ret) ret = finalprofit;
                if(prices[i] > highest) highest = prices[i];
            }
        }

        return ret;
    }
};

下面是自己的代码：

class Solution {
public:
	int maxProfit(vector<int> &prices)
	{
		if (prices.size() < 2)
			return 0;
		vector<int> prof;
		int maxProf(0);
		int tm(prices[0]);
		int revprof(0);
		prof.push_back(0);
		for (int i = 1; i < prices.size(); i++)
		{
			tm = std::min(tm, prices[i]);
			prof.push_back(std::max(prof[i - 1], prices[i] - tm));
		}
		tm = prices[prices.size() - 1];
		for (int i = prices.size() - 2; i >= 0; i--)
		{
			tm = std::max(prices[i], tm);
			revprof = std::max(revprof, tm - prices[i]);
			maxProf = std::max(maxProf, revprof + prof[i]);
		}
		return maxProf;
	}
	
};