Nginx源码阅读（ngx_master_process_cycle）

最新推荐文章于 2021-09-13 20:58:34 发布

hz5034

最新推荐文章于 2021-09-13 20:58:34 发布

阅读量552

点赞数

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

分类专栏： Nginx

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/hz5034/article/details/77367425

Nginx 专栏收录该内容

16 篇文章

订阅专栏

本文详细解析了 Nginx 中 master 进程的执行流程，包括如何启动 worker 进程、缓存管理进程及主循环的运行机制。深入介绍了进程间的通信方式、信号处理以及进程重生策略。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

ngx_master_process_cycle()执行流程

ngx_master_process_cycle() {
    ...
    ngx_start_worker_processes() {
        ...
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            ngx_spawn_process() {
                ...
                fork()
                ...
                ngx_worker_process_cycle()
                ...
            }
            ...
        }
    } 
    ...
    for ( ;; ) {
        ...
    }
}

ngx_master_process_cycle()

/* src/os/unix/ngx_process_cycle.c */

void
ngx_master_process_cycle(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
    char              *title;
    u_char            *p;
    size_t             size;
    ngx_int_t          i;
    ngx_uint_t         n, sigio;
    sigset_t           set; /* typedef struct {
                                   unsigned long sig[_NSIG_WORDS];
                               } sigset_t; */
    struct itimerval   itv;
    ngx_uint_t         live;
    ngx_msec_t         delay;
    ngx_listening_t   *ls;
    ngx_core_conf_t   *ccf;

    sigemptyset(&set); // 清空信号集set
    sigaddset(&set, SIGCHLD); // 向信号集set中加入信号
    sigaddset(&set, SIGALRM);
    sigaddset(&set, SIGIO);
    sigaddset(&set, SIGINT);
    sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL));
    sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
    sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL));
    sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
    sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
    sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL));

    // 阻塞信号集set中的信号
    if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, NULL) == -1) {
        ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
                      "sigprocmask() failed");
    }

    sigemptyset(&set);


    // 设置进程名，title = "master process" + " " + ngx_argv[0] + " " + ... " " + ngx_argv[ngx_argc-1]
    size = sizeof(master_process);

    for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
        size += ngx_strlen(ngx_argv[i]) + 1;
    }

    title = ngx_pnalloc(cycle->pool, size);
    if (title == NULL) {
        /* fatal */
        exit(2);
    }

    p = ngx_cpymem(title, master_process, sizeof(master_process) - 1);
    for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
        *p++ = ' ';
        p = ngx_cpystrn(p, (u_char *) ngx_argv[i], size);
    }

    ngx_setproctitle(title);


    ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_core_module);

    // 启动worker进程
    ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
                               NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN); // #define NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN -3
    // 启动缓存管理进程
    ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);

    ngx_new_binary = 0;
    delay = 0;
    sigio = 0;
    live = 1;

    // 主循环
    for ( ;; ) {
        if (delay) {
            if (ngx_sigalrm) {
                sigio = 0;
                delay *= 2;
                ngx_sigalrm = 0;
            }

            ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
                           "termination cycle: %M", delay);

            itv.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
            itv.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
            itv.it_value.tv_sec = delay / 1000;
            itv.it_value.tv_usec = (delay % 1000 ) * 1000;

            if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) == -1) {
                ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
                              "setitimer() failed");
            }
        }

        ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "sigsuspend");

        // master进程挂起，等待信号的唤醒
        sigsuspend(&set);

        ngx_time_update();

        ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
                       "wake up, sigio %i", sigio);

        // 有子进程退出
        if (ngx_reap) {
            ngx_reap = 0;
            ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "reap children");

            live = ngx_reap_children(cycle); // 遍历ngx_processes数组
        }

        if (!live && (ngx_terminate || ngx_quit)) {
            ngx_master_process_exit(cycle); // 退出master进程
        }

        // 强制停止
        if (ngx_terminate) {
            if (delay == 0) {
                delay = 50;
            }

            if (sigio) {
                sigio--;
                continue;
            }

            sigio = ccf->worker_processes + 2 /* cache processes */;

            if (delay > 1000) {
                ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle, SIGKILL);
            } else {
                ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
                                       ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
            }

            continue;
        }

        // 优雅停止
        if (ngx_quit) {
            ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
                                        ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));

            ls = cycle->listening.elts;
            for (n = 0; n < cycle->listening.nelts; n++) {
                if (ngx_close_socket(ls[n].fd) == -1) {
                    ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,
                                  ngx_close_socket_n " %V failed",
                                  &ls[n].addr_text);
                }
            }
            cycle->listening.nelts = 0;

            continue;
        }

        // 重载配置
        if (ngx_reconfigure) {
            ngx_reconfigure = 0;

            if (ngx_new_binary) {
                ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
                                           NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
                ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
                ngx_noaccepting = 0;

                continue;
            }

            ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reconfiguring");

            cycle = ngx_init_cycle(cycle);
            if (cycle == NULL) {
                cycle = (ngx_cycle_t *) ngx_cycle;
                continue;
            }

            ngx_cycle = cycle;
            ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx,
                                                   ngx_core_module);
            ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
                                       NGX_PROCESS_JUST_RESPAWN);
            ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 1);

            /* allow new processes to start */
            ngx_msleep(100);

            live = 1;
            ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
                                        ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
        }

        if (ngx_restart) {
            ngx_restart = 0;
            ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
                                       NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
            ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
            live = 1;
        }

        if (ngx_reopen) {
            ngx_reopen = 0;
            ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reopening logs");
            ngx_reopen_files(cycle, ccf->user);
            ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
                                        ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
        }

        if (ngx_change_binary) {
            ngx_change_binary = 0;
            ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "changing binary");
            ngx_new_binary = ngx_exec_new_binary(cycle, ngx_argv);
        }

        if (ngx_noaccept) {
            ngx_noaccept = 0;
            ngx_noaccepting = 1;
            ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
                                        ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
        }
    }
}

ngx_start_worker_processes()

static void
ngx_start_worker_processes(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, ngx_int_t n, ngx_int_t type)
{
    ngx_int_t      i;
    ngx_channel_t  ch;

    ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "start worker processes");

    ngx_memzero(&ch, sizeof(ngx_channel_t));

    ch.command = NGX_CMD_OPEN_CHANNEL;

    // fork n个worker进程
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {

        ngx_spawn_process(cycle, ngx_worker_process_cycle,
                          (void *) (intptr_t) i, "worker process", type);

        ch.pid = ngx_processes[ngx_process_slot].pid;
        ch.slot = ngx_process_slot;
        ch.fd = ngx_processes[ngx_process_slot].channel[0];

        /* master进程把第i个fork的worker进程的信息发给前面fork的worker进程
           后面fork的子进程能够通过继承socket向前面fork的子进程发送信息，反之不能
           所以必须把后面fork的子进程的信息发送给前面fork的子进程 */
        ngx_pass_open_channel(cycle, &ch);
    }
}

ngx_spawn_process()

ngx_pid_t
ngx_spawn_process(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, ngx_spawn_proc_pt proc, void *data,
    char *name, ngx_int_t respawn)
{
    u_long     on;
    ngx_pid_t  pid;
    ngx_int_t  s; // 表示将要fork的子进程在ngx_processes数组中的下标

    if (respawn >= 0) {
        s = respawn;

    } else {
        for (s = 0; s < ngx_last_process; s++) {
            if (ngx_processes[s].pid == -1) {
                break;
            }
        }

        if (s == NGX_MAX_PROCESSES) {
            ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, 0,
                          "no more than %d processes can be spawned",
                          NGX_MAX_PROCESSES);
            return NGX_INVALID_PID;
        }
    }


    if (respawn != NGX_PROCESS_DETACHED) {

        /* Solaris 9 still has no AF_LOCAL */

        // master进程为每个worker进程创建一对socket，用于master和worker进程间通信
        if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ngx_processes[s].channel) == -1)
        {
            ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
                          "socketpair() failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
            return NGX_INVALID_PID;
        }

        ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_CORE, cycle->log, 0,
                       "channel %d:%d",
                       ngx_processes[s].channel[0],
                       ngx_processes[s].channel[1]);

        // 设置这对socket的模式为非阻塞
        if (ngx_nonblocking(ngx_processes[s].channel[0]) == -1) {
            ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
                          ngx_nonblocking_n " failed while spawning \"%s\"",
                          name);
            ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
            return NGX_INVALID_PID;
        }


        if (ngx_nonblocking(ngx_processes[s].channel[1]) == -1) {
            ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
                          ngx_nonblocking_n " failed while spawning \"%s\"",
                          name);
            ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
            return NGX_INVALID_PID;
        }

        // 设置socket的信号驱动异步I/O标志
        on = 1;
        if (ioctl(ngx_processes[s].channel[0], FIOASYNC, &on) == -1) {
            ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
                          "ioctl(FIOASYNC) failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
            ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
            return NGX_INVALID_PID;
        }

        // 设置用于接收SIGIO和SIGURG信号的socket属主
        if (fcntl(ngx_processes[s].channel[0], F_SETOWN, ngx_pid) == -1) {
            ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
                          "fcntl(F_SETOWN) failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
            ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
            return NGX_INVALID_PID;
        }

        if (fcntl(ngx_processes[s].channel[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
            ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
                          "fcntl(FD_CLOEXEC) failed while spawning \"%s\"",
                           name);
            ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
            return NGX_INVALID_PID;
        }

        if (fcntl(ngx_processes[s].channel[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
            ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
                          "fcntl(FD_CLOEXEC) failed while spawning \"%s\"",
                           name);
            ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
            return NGX_INVALID_PID;
        }

        // 监听可读事件的socket，将要通过ngx_add_channel_event()添加到epoll中
        ngx_channel = ngx_processes[s].channel[1];

    } else {
        ngx_processes[s].channel[0] = -1;
        ngx_processes[s].channel[1] = -1;
    }

    ngx_process_slot = s;


    pid = fork();

    switch (pid) {

    case -1:
        ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
                      "fork() failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
        ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
        return NGX_INVALID_PID;

    case 0: // 在子进程中
        ngx_pid = ngx_getpid();
        proc(cycle, data); // 进入ngx_worker_process_cycle()
        break;

    default: // 在父进程中
        break;
    }

    ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "start %s %P", name, pid);

    ngx_processes[s].pid = pid;
    ngx_processes[s].exited = 0;

    if (respawn >= 0) {
        return pid;
    }

    ngx_processes[s].proc = proc;
    ngx_processes[s].data = data;
    ngx_processes[s].name = name;
    ngx_processes[s].exiting = 0;

    switch (respawn) {

    case NGX_PROCESS_NORESPAWN:
        ngx_processes[s].respawn = 0;
        ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 0;
        ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
        break;

    case NGX_PROCESS_JUST_SPAWN:
        ngx_processes[s].respawn = 0;
        ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 1;
        ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
        break;

    case NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN:
        ngx_processes[s].respawn = 1;
        ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 0;
        ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
        break;

    case NGX_PROCESS_JUST_RESPAWN:
        ngx_processes[s].respawn = 1;
        ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 1;
        ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
        break;

    case NGX_PROCESS_DETACHED:
        ngx_processes[s].respawn = 0;
        ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 0;
        ngx_processes[s].detached = 1;
        break;
    }

    if (s == ngx_last_process) {
        ngx_last_process++;
    }

    return pid;
}