利用keepalived和haproxy配置mysql的高可用负载均衡

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转载最新推荐文章于 2026-06-28 10:29:35 发布 275 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

Centos下Mysql+Keepalived双主热备高可用环境完整部署记录（个人珍藏版）本篇文章详细记录了Centos下Mysql+Keepalived双主热备高可用环境完整部署过程，可作为线上长期的实操手册。在此分享，希望能帮助到有用到的朋友。立即下载

实验系统：CentOS 6.6_x86_64（2.6.32-504.30.3.el6.x86_64）

实验前提：防火墙和selinux都关闭

实验说明：本实验共有4台主机，IP分配如拓扑

实验软件：keepalived-1.2.19　　haproxy-1.5.14　　mariadb-10.0.20

下载地址：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1bnnYiMr

实验拓扑：

一、安装mariadb

　　1.在两台数据库服务器安装：

tar xf mariadb-10.0.20-linux-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/
ln -sv mariadb-10.0.20-linux-x86_64 mysql
useradd -r mysql
mkdir -pv /mydata/data
chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data/
cd mysql/
chown -R root.mysql .
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data/
cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on

　　2.配置主主复制：

　　　　19.74：

vim /etc/my.cnf 
----------------------------------------------->
[mysqld]
server-id = 1
datadir = /mydata/data
log-bin = /mydata/data/mysql1-bin
binlog_format = ROW
relay_log = /mydata/data/relay-log
auto-increment-increment = 2
auto-increment-offset = 1
sync_binlog = 1
sync_master_info = 1
sync_relay_log = 1
sync_relay_log_info = 1

　　　　19.76：

vim /etc/my.cnf 
----------------------------------------------->
[mysqld]
server-id = 2
datadir = /mydata/data
log-bin = /mydata/data/mysql2-bin
binlog_format = ROW
relay_log = /mydata/data/relay-log
auto-increment-increment = 2
auto-increment-offset = 2
sync_binlog = 1
sync_master_info = 1
sync_relay_log = 1
sync_relay_log_info = 1

　　3.创建具有复制权限的用户：

　　　　19.74：

service mysqld start
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
------------------------------------------>
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'master'@'192.168.19.76' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

　　　　19.76：

service mysqld start
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
------------------------------------------>
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'master'@'192.168.19.74' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

　　4.查看二进制位置：

　　　　19.74：

SHOW MASTER LOGS;

　　　　19.76上使用相同命令：

　　5.配置双主：

　　　　19.74：

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.19.76',MASTER_USER='master',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql2-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=1112;
START SLAVE;

　　　　19.76：

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.19.74',MASTER_USER='master',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql1-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=1112;
START SLAVE;

二、编译安装haproxy

　　1.在19.66和19.79上编译安装haproxy：

tar xf haproxy-1.5.14.tar.gz 
cd haproxy-1.5.14
make TARGET=linux2628 ARCH=x86_64        //根据自己主机设定
make install SBINDIR=/usr/sbin/ MANDIR=/usr/share/man/ DOCDIR=/usr/share/doc/

　　2.提供启动脚本：

vim /etc/init.d/haproxy
--------------------------------------------------->
#!/bin/sh
#
# haproxy
#
# chkconfig:   - 85 15
# description:  HAProxy is a free, very fast and reliable solution \
#               offering high availability, load balancing, and \
#               proxying for TCP and  HTTP-based applications
# processname: haproxy
# config:      /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
# pidfile:     /var/run/haproxy.pid

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

exec="/usr/sbin/haproxy"
prog=$(basename $exec)

[ -e /etc/sysconfig/$prog ] && . /etc/sysconfig/$prog

cfgfile=/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
pidfile=/var/run/haproxy.pid
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/haproxy

check() {
    $exec -c -V -f $cfgfile $OPTIONS
}

start() {
    $exec -c -q -f $cfgfile $OPTIONS
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
        echo "Errors in configuration file, check with $prog check."
        return 1
    fi

    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    # start it up here, usually something like "daemon $exec"
    daemon $exec -D -f $cfgfile -p $pidfile $OPTIONS
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
    return $retval
}

stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    # stop it here, often "killproc $prog"
    killproc $prog
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
    return $retval
}

restart() {
    $exec -c -q -f $cfgfile $OPTIONS
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
        echo "Errors in configuration file, check with $prog check."
        return 1
    fi
    stop
    start
}

reload() {
    $exec -c -q -f $cfgfile $OPTIONS
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
        echo "Errors in configuration file, check with $prog check."
        return 1
    fi
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    $exec -D -f $cfgfile -p $pidfile $OPTIONS -sf $(cat $pidfile)
    retval=$?
    echo
    return $retval
}

force_reload() {
    restart
}

fdr_status() {
    status $prog
}

case "$1" in
    start|stop|restart|reload)
        $1
        ;;
    force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
    check)
        check
        ;;
    status)
        fdr_status
        ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
        [ ! -f $lockfile ] || restart
        ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}"
        exit 2
esac
<---------------------------------------------------
chkconfig --add haproxy
chkconfig haproxy on
chmod +x /etc/init.d/haproxy

　　3.提供配置文件：

mkdir /etc/haproxy
mkdir /var/lib/haproxy
useradd -r haproxy
vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
----------------------------------------------------------------------->
global

    log         127.0.0.1 local2

    chroot      /var/lib/haproxy
    pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     4000
    user        haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon

    stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats

defaults
    mode                    tcp            //haproxy运行模式
    log                     global
    option                  dontlognull
    option                  redispatch
    retries                 3
    timeout http-request    10s
    timeout queue           1m
    timeout connect         10s
    timeout client          1m
    timeout server          1m
    timeout http-keep-alive 10s
    timeout check           10s
    maxconn                 600           //最大连接数

listen stats                              //配置haproxy状态页
    mode http
    bind :6677                            //找一个比较特殊的端口
    stats enable
    stats hide-version                    //隐藏haproxy版本号
    stats uri     /haproxyadmin?stats     //一会用于打开状态页的uri
    stats realm   Haproxy\ Statistics     //输入账户密码时的提示文字
    stats auth    admin:admin             //用户名:密码
    stats admin if TRUE                   //开启状态页的管理功能

frontend  main *:3306                     //这里为了实验方便，使用3306端口
    default_backend             mysql     //后端服务器组名

backend mysql
    balance     leastconn                 //使用最少连接方式调度
    server m1 192.168.19.74:3306 check port 3306 maxconn 300
    server m2 192.168.19.76:3306 check port 3306 maxconn 300

　　4.启动日志：

vim /etc/rsyslog.conf 
----------------------------------------------------->
# Provides UDP syslog reception                //去掉下面两行注释，开启UDP监听
$ModLoad imudp
$UDPServerRun 514

local2.*             /var/log/haproxy.log      //添加此行
<-----------------------------------------------------
service rsyslog restart

　　5.启动测试haproxy：

service haproxy start
netstat -tnlp

　　6.在19.74上创建远程登录账号：

GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'jason'@'192.168.19.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

　　7.分别在19.66和19.79上登录mysql，若都能连接成功则继续往下：

yum -y install mysql                            //如果没有mysql客户端则运行此命令
mysql -ujason -p123456 -h192.168.19.66          //在19.66上登录
mysql -ujason -p123456 -h192.168.19.79          //在19.79上登录

三、安装keepalived

　　1.在19.66和19.79上编译安装keepalived：

tar xf keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz 
cd keepalived-1.2.19
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --sbindir=/usr/sbin/ --sysconfdir=/etc/ --mandir=/usr/local/share/man/ --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-504.30.3.el6.x86_64/      //内核版本换成自己主机的
make && make install
chkconfig --add keepalived
chkconfig keepalived on

　　2.在19.66上配置：

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
----------------------------------------------------->
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {                                             //此段暂时略过，下同
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}

vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
    script "/etc/keepalived/chk.sh"                      //检查haproxy的脚本
    interval 2                                           //每两秒检查一次
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP                                        //定义为BACKUP节点
    nopreempt                                           //开启不抢占
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100                                        //开启了不抢占，所以此处优先级必须高于另一台
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass abcd
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.19.150                                 //配置VIP
    }
    track_script {
        chk_haproxy                                    //调用检查脚本
    }

    notify_backup "/etc/init.d/haproxy restart"
    notify_fault "/etc/init.d/haproxy stop"
}

　　3.在19.79上配置：

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
----------------------------------------------------->
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}

vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
    script "/etc/keepalived/chk.sh"
    interval 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 99
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass abcd
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.19.150
    }
    track_script {
        chk_haproxy
    }

    notify_backup "/etc/init.d/haproxy restart"
    notify_fault "/etc/init.d/haproxy stop"
}

　　4.在两台机器上创建chk.sh文件：

vim /etc/keepalived/chk.sh
------------------------------------------------>
#!/bin/bash
#
if [ $(ps -C haproxy --no-header | wc -l) -eq 0 ]; then
       /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
<------------------------------------------------
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/chk.sh

　　5.在19.66和19.79上进行测试：

service keepalived start

　　　　此处两台主机均配置为BACKUP，因此哪台先运行keepalived，VIP就在哪台上。我这里刚开始VIP运行在19.66上，然后进行连接测试：

mysql -ujason -p123456 -h192.168.19.150
------------------------------------------->
CREATE DATABASE bokeyuan；

　　　　后端数据库服务器抓包：

　　　　停掉19.66的keepalived服务，让VIP转移到19.79上，再进行测试：

service keepalived stop                   //停掉19.66的keepalived服务
mysql -ujason -p123456 -h192.168.19.150
------------------------------------------->
SHOW DATABASES;

　　　　后端数据库服务器抓包：

　　6.在浏览器打开http://192.168.19.150:6677/haproxyadmin?stats，打开haproxy状态页：

　　　　在19.74上关闭mysql服务，可以看到haproxy对于后端服务器的检测是很迅速的：

service mysqld stop

　　7.额外说明：

　　　　继续之前的实验，将19.66上的keepalived服务再次启动，可以发现，VIP仍然在19.79上，这就是之前为什么要配置不抢占的原因。如果按照正常的配置，将19.66配置为MASTER，当它重启keepalived服务后，则一定会将VIP抢回。但实际上我们并不希望这样，因为19.79仍在正常工作，19.66没有理由去抢夺资源，造成没必要的资源切换。实验演示就到这里，谢谢大家！

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