环境：
DB1：centos6.8、mysql5.5、192.168.2.204 hostname：bogon
DB2：centos6.8、mysql5.5、192.168.2.205 hostname：localhost.localdomain
vip：192.168.2.33
一、先配置DB1和DB2的双主热备
1、分别在DB1和DB2上安装mysql，我这里是用的ansible自动部署
[root@www ansible]# ansible-playbook lnmp.yml PLAY [new] ********************************************************************* TASK [setup] ******************************************************************* ok: [192.168.2.205] ok: [192.168.2.204] TASK [mysql : Create backup folder] ******************************************** ok: [192.168.2.204] ok: [192.168.2.205] TASK [mysql : create log folder] *********************************************** changed: [192.168.2.204] changed: [192.168.2.205] TASK [mysql : copy mysql_tar_gz to client] ************************************* changed: [192.168.2.204] changed: [192.168.2.205] TASK [mysql : copy install_script to client] *********************************** changed: [192.168.2.204] changed: [192.168.2.205] TASK [mysql : copy my.cnf to /data/backup] ************************************* changed: [192.168.2.204] changed: [192.168.2.205] TASK [mysql : install mysql] *************************************************** changed: [192.168.2.204] changed: [192.168.2.205] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************* 192.168.2.204 : ok=7 changed=5 unreachable=0 failed=0 192.168.2.205 : ok=7 changed=5 unreachable=0 failed=0
2、修改mysql的配置文件
首先修改DB1主机的配置文件，在/etc/my.cnf文件中的[mysqld]段添加以下内容
[root@bogon ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf server-id = 1 #节点标示，主从节点不能相同，必须全局唯一 log-bin=mysql-bin #开启mysql的binlog日志功能 relay-log = mysql-relay-bin #开启relay-log日志，relay-log日志记录的是从服务器I/O线程将主服务器的二进制日志读取过来记录到从服务器本地文件，然后SQL线程会读取relay-log日志的内容并应用到从服务器 replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% #复制过滤选项 replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%
然后修改DB2主机的配置文件，
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf server-id = 2 log-bin=mysql-bin relay-log = mysql-relay-bin replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%
最后分别重启DB1和DB2使配置生效
3、创建复制用户并授权
注：在执行主主互备之前要保证两台server上数据一致
首先在DB1的mysql库中创建复制用户
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl_user'@'192.168.2.205' identified by 'repl_passwd'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000004 | 271 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
然后在DB2的mysql库中将DB1设为自己的主服务器
mysql> change master to \ -> master_host='192.168.2.204', -> master_user='repl_user', -> master_password='repl_passwd', -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004', -> master_log_pos=271; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
这里需要注意master_log_file和master_log_pos两个选项，这两个选项的值是在DB1上通过“show master status” 查询到的结果
接着在DB2上启动slave服务
mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
下面查看DB2上slave的运行状态，
mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.2.204 Master_User: repl_user Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 271 Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 253 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005 Slave_IO_Running: Yes #重点 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes #重点 Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: mysql.%,test.%,information_schema.% #跳过的表 Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 271 Relay_Log_Space: 409 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
到这里，从DB1到DB2的mysql主从复制已经完成。接下来开始配置从DB2到DB1的mysql主从复制
在DB2的mysql库中创建复制用户
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl_user'@'192.168.2.204' identified by 'repl_passwd'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000005 | 271 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
然后在DB1的mysql库中将DB2设为自己的主服务器
mysql> change master to \ -> master_host='192.168.2.205', -> master_user='repl_user', -> master_password='repl_passwd', -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000005', -> master_log_pos=271; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
最后，在DB1上启动slave服务
mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
查看DB1上slave的运行状态
mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.2.205 Master_User: repl_user Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 271 Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 253 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: mysql.%,test.%,information_schema.% Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 271 Relay_Log_Space: 409 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 2 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
二、配置keepalived实现mysql双主高可用
1、安装keepalived
[root@bogon src]# tar zxf keepalived-1.2.24.tar.gz [root@bogon src]# cd keepalived-1.2.24 [root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# ./configure --sysconf=/etc --with-kernel-dir=/lib/modules/2.6.32-642.3.1.el6.x86_64/ [root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# make && make install [root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# ln -s /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /sbin/ [root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# chkconfig --add keepalived [root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# chkconfig --level 35 keepalived on [root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# yum -y install ipvsadm ####之前没安装ipvsadm，导致 keepalived配置中lvs配置部分不生效，其中定义的notify_down 字段死活不生效，查了好久在发现是没安装ipvsadm导致的，泪奔！！！ [root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# ipvsadm
2、配置keepalived
DB1上keepalived.conf配置为
[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { acassen@firewall.loc failover@firewall.loc sysadmin@firewall.loc } notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc smtp_server 192.168.200.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr vrrp_strict vrrp_garp_interval 0 vrrp_gna_interval 0 } vrrp_instance HA_1 { state BACKUP #在DB1和DB2上均配置为BACKUP interface eth1 virtual_router_id 90 priority 100 advert_int 1 nopreempt #不抢占模式，只有优先级高的机器上设置即可，优先级低的机器可不设置 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.2.33 } } virtual_server 192.168.2.33 3306 { delay_loop 2 lb_algo wrr lb_kind DR persistence_timeout 60 #会话保持时间 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.2.204 3306 { weight 3 notify_down /root/shutdown.sh #检测到服务down后执行的脚本 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 10 #连接超时时间 nb_get_retry 3 #重连次数 delay_before_retry 3 #重连间隔时间 connect_port 3306 #健康检查端口 } } }
DB2上keepalived.conf配置为
[root@localhost keepalived-1.2.24]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { acassen@firewall.loc failover@firewall.loc sysadmin@firewall.loc } notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc smtp_server 192.168.200.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr vrrp_strict vrrp_garp_interval 0 vrrp_gna_interval 0 } vrrp_instance HA_1 { state BACKUP interface eth1 virtual_router_id 90 priority 90 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.2.33 } } virtual_server 192.168.2.33 3306 { delay_loop 2 lb_algo wrr lb_kind DR persistence_timeout 60 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.2.205 3306 { weight 3 notify_down /root/shutdown.sh TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 10 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 3306 } } }
编写检测服务down后所要执行的脚本shutdown.sh
[root@bogon ~]# cat /root/shtdown.sh #!/bin/bash killall keepalived
注：此脚本是上面配置文件notify_down选项所用到的，keepalived使用notify_down选项来检查real_server的服务状态，当发现real_server服务故障时，便触发此脚本；我们可以看到，脚本就一个命令，通过killall keepalived强制杀死keepalived进程，从而实现了MySQL故障自动转移。另外，我们不用担心两个MySQL会同时提供数据更新操作，因为每台MySQL上的keepalived的配置里面只有本机MySQL的IP+VIP，而不是两台MySQL的IP+VIP
启动keepalived并查看日志
[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/keepalived [root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# service keepalived start 正在启动 keepalived： [确定] [root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# tail -f /var/log/messages Oct 24 22:37:35 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[20835]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33 Oct 24 22:37:35 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[20835]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33 Oct 24 22:37:35 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[20835]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33 Oct 24 22:37:35 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[20835]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33 Oct 24 22:37:40 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[20835]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33 Oct 24 22:37:40 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[20835]: VRRP_Instance(HA_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on eth1 for 192.168.2.33 Oct 24 22:37:40 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[20835]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33 Oct 24 22:37:40 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[20835]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33 Oct 24 22:37:40 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[20835]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33 Oct 24 22:37:40 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[20835]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.33
三、测试功能
1、在远程客户端通过vip登陆测试
[root@www ansible]# mysql -h 192.168.2.33 -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2372 Server version: 5.5.37-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
mysql> show variables like "%hostname%"
-> ;
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| hostname | bogon |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
从sql输出结果看，可以通过vip登陆，并且登陆了DB1服务器
2、创建一个数据库，然后在这个库重创建一个表，并插入数据
mysql> create database repldb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | repldb | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.06 sec) mysql> use repldb; Database changed mysql> create table repl_table(id int,email varchar(80),password varchar(40) not null); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables_in_repldb | +------------------+ | repl_table | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into repl_table(id,email,password) values(1,"master@163.com","qweasd"); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
登陆DB2主机的mysql，可数据是否复制成功
mysql> show variables like "%hostname%"; +---------------+-----------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-----------------------+ | hostname | localhost.localdomain | +---------------+-----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | repldb | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.05 sec) mysql> use repldb; Database changed mysql> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables_in_repldb | +------------------+ | repl_table | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from repl_table; +------+----------------+----------+ | id | email | password | +------+----------------+----------+ | 1 | master@163.com | qweasd | +------+----------------+----------+ 1 row in set (0.08 sec)
3、停止DB1主机上的mysql，查看故障是否自动转移
[root@bogon ~]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 登陆192.168.2.33查看：
mysql> show variables like "%hostname%"; ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away No connection. Trying to reconnect... Connection id: 610 Current database: repldb +---------------+-----------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-----------------------+ | hostname | localhost.localdomain | +---------------+-----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
可以看到现在登陆的是DB2 故障自动切换成功
接着，插入数据看DB1是否能复制
mysql> insert into repl_table(id,email,password) values(2,"slave@163.com","qweasd"); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec) mysql> use repldb; Database changed mysql> select * from repl_table; +------+----------------+----------+ | id | email | password | +------+----------------+----------+ | 1 | master@163.com | qweasd | | 2 | slave@163.com | qweasd | +------+----------------+----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
登陆DB1查看表数据
[root@bogon ~]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@bogon ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.5.37-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> use repldb; Database changed mysql> select * from repl_table; +------+----------------+----------+ | id | email | password | +------+----------------+----------+ | 1 | master@163.com | qweasd | | 2 | slave@163.com | qweasd | +------+----------------+----------+ 2 rows in set (0.02 sec)
复制成功！
到此全部完成！！！
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