mysql读写分离
mysql实现读写分离的方式
mysql 实现读写分离的方式有以下几种：
- 程序修改mysql操作，直接和数据库通信，简单快捷的读写分离和随机的方式实现的负载均衡，权限独立分配，需要开发人员协助。
- amoeba，直接实现读写分离和负载均衡，不用修改代码，有很灵活的数据解决方案，自己分配账户，和后端数据库权限管理独立，权限处理不够灵活。
- mysql-proxy，直接实现读写分离和负载均衡，不用修改代码，master和slave用一样的帐号，效率低
- mycat中间件
- proxysql中间件（推荐使用）
proxysql介绍：
ProxySQL 是基于 MySQL 的一款开源的中间件的产品，是一个灵活的 MySQL 代理层，可以实现读写分离，支持 Query 路由功能，支持动态指定某个 SQL 进行缓存，支持动态加载（无需重启 ProxySQL 服务），故障切换和一些 SQL 的过滤功能。
ProxySQL安装
//配置yum源
[root@localhost ~]# cat <<EOF | tee /etc/yum.repos.d/proxysql.repo
[proxysql_repo]
name= ProxySQL
baseurl=http://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/proxysql-2.0.x/centos/8/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/repo_pub_key
EOF
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install proxysql
//开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now proxysql
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6032 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6033 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6033 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6033 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6033 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
ProxySQL的Admin管理接口
当 ProxySQL 启动后，将监听两个端口：
- admin管理接口，默认端口为6032。该端口用于查看、配置ProxySQL
- 接收SQL语句的接口，默认端口为6033，这个接口类似于MySQL的3306端口
ProxySQL 的 admin 管理接口是一个使用 MySQL 协议的接口，所以，可以直接使用 mysql 客户端、navicat 等工具去连接这个管理接口，其默认的用户名和密码均为 admin
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| seq | name | file |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| 0 | main | |
| 2 | disk | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db |
| 3 | stats | |
| 4 | monitor | |
| 5 | stats_history | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql_stats.db |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.000 sec)
由于 ProxySQL 的配置全部保存在几个自带的库中，所以通过管理接口，可以非常方便地通过发送一些SQL命令去修改 ProxySQL 的配置。 ProxySQL 会解析通过该接口发送的某些对ProxySQL 有效的特定命令，并将其合理转换后发送给内嵌的 SQLite3 数据库引擎去运行
ProxySQL 的配置几乎都是通过管理接口来操作的，通过 Admin 管理接口，可以在线修改几乎所有的配置并使其生效。只有两个变量的配置是必须重启 ProxySQL 才能生效的，它们是：
mysql-threads 和 mysql-stacksize
与admin管理接口相关的变量
admin-admin_credentials变量控制的是admin管理接口的管理员账户。默认的管理员账户和密码为admin:admin，但是这个默认的用户只能在本地使用。如果想要远程连接到ProxySQL，例如用windows上的navicat连接Linux上的ProxySQL管理接口，必须自定义一个管理员账户。
MySQL [(none)]> select @@admin-admin_credentials; //查看当前用户名和密码
+---------------------------+
| @@admin-admin_credentials |
+---------------------------+
| admin:admin |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.001 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> set admin-admin_credentials='admin:admin;myadmin:123123'; //设置管理员帐号myadmin,密码123123
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select @@admin-admin_credentials;
+----------------------------+
| @@admin-admin_credentials |
+----------------------------+
| admin:admin;myadmin:123123 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.001 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> load admin variables to runtime; //使修改立即生效
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> save admin variables to disk; //使修改永久保存到磁盘
Query OK, 33 rows affected (0.002 sec)
修改后，就可以使用该用户名和密码连接管理接口
[root@master ~]# mysql -umyadmin -p123123 -P6032 -h192.168.236.135
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
l_variables where variable_name='admin-admin_credentials';
+-------------------------+----------------------------+
| variable_name | variable_value |
+-------------------------+----------------------------+
| admin-admin_credentials | admin:admin;myadmin:123123 |
+-------------------------+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.002 sec)
admin-stats_credentials
admin-stats_credentials 变量控制admin管理接口的普通用户，这个变量中的用户没有超级管理员权限，只能查看monitor库和main库中关于统计的数据，其它库都是不可见的，且没有任何写权限
默认的普通用户名和密码均为 stats ，与admin一样，它默认也只能用于本地登录，若想让人远程查看则要添加查看的专有用户
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -ustats -pstats -h127.0.0.1 -P6032
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| seq | name | file |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| 0 | main | |
| 2 | monitor | |
| 3 | stats_history | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql_stats.db |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.000 sec)
所有的配置操作都是在修改main库中对应的表
MySQL [(none)]> show tables from main;
+--------------------------------------+
| tables |
+--------------------------------------+
| global_variables |
| stats_memory_metrics |
| stats_mysql_commands_counters |
| stats_mysql_connection_pool |
| stats_mysql_connection_pool_reset |
| stats_mysql_errors |
| stats_mysql_errors_reset |
| stats_mysql_free_connections |
| stats_mysql_global |
| stats_mysql_gtid_executed |
| stats_mysql_prepared_statements_info |
| stats_mysql_processlist |
| stats_mysql_query_digest |
| stats_mysql_query_digest_reset |
| stats_mysql_query_rules |
| stats_mysql_users |
| stats_proxysql_servers_checksums |
| stats_proxysql_servers_metrics |
| stats_proxysql_servers_status |
+--------------------------------------+
19 rows in set (0.000 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select * from global_variables;
+--------------------------+----------------+
| variable_name | variable_value |
+--------------------------+----------------+
| mysql-max_allowed_packet | 4194304 |
+--------------------------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
admin-mysql_ifaces
admin-mysql_ifaces 变量指定admin接口的监听地址，格式为冒号分隔的hostname:port列表。默认监听在 0.0.0.0:6032
注意:允许使用UNIX的domain socket进行监听，这样本主机内的应用程序就可以直接被处理。
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> SET admin-mysql_ifaces='0.0.0.0:6032;/tmp/proxysql_admin.sock';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> load admin variables to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> save admin variables to disk;
Query OK, 33 rows affected (0.002 sec)
多层配置系统
proxysql中的库
使用ProxySQL的Admin管理接口连上ProxySQL，可查看ProxySQL拥有的库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| seq | name | file |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| 0 | main | |
| 2 | disk | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db |
| 3 | stats | |
| 4 | monitor | |
| 5 | stats_history | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql_stats.db |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.000 sec)
其中：
- main库是ProxySQL最主要的库，是需要修改配置时使用的库，它其实是一个内存数据库系统。所以，修改main库中的配置后，必须将其持久化到disk上才能永久保存
- disk库是磁盘数据库，该数据库结构和内存数据库完全一致。当持久化内存数据库中的配置时，其实就是写入到disk库中。磁盘数据库的默认路径为 $DATADIR/proxysql.db
stats库是统计信息库。这个库中的数据一般是在检索其内数据时临时填充的，它保存在内存中。因为没有相关的配置项，所以无需持久化 - monitor库是监控后端MySQL节点相关的库，该库中只有几个log类的表，监控模块收集到的监控信息全都存放到对应的log表中
- stats_history库是1.4.4版新增的库，用于存放历史统计数据。默认路径为 $DATADIR/proxysql_stats.db
ProxySQL 内部使用的是 SQLite3 数据库，无论是内存数据库还是磁盘数据库，都是通过SQLite3引 擎进行解析、操作的。它和 MySQL 的语法可能稍有不同，但ProxySQL会对不兼容的语法自动进行调整，最大程度上保证MySQL语句的有效率。
上面描述main库的时候，只是说了内存数据库需要持久化到disk库才能永久保存配置。但实际上，修改了main库中的配置后，并不会立即生效，它还需要load到runtime的数据结构中才生效，只有在runtime数据结构中的配置才是对ProxySQL当前有效的配置
ProxySQL多层配置系统
ProxySQL 的配置系统非常强大，它能在线修改几乎所有配置(仅有的两个需要重启才能生效的变量为 mysql-threads 和 mysql-stacksize )，并在线生效、持久化保存。这得益于它采用的多层配置系统。
多层配置系统结构如下：
+-------------------------+
| RUNTIME |
+-------------------------+
/|\ |
| |
[1] | [2] |
| \|/
+-------------------------+
| MEMORY |
+-------------------------+ _
/|\ | |\
| | \
[3] | [4] | \ [5]
| \|/ \
+-------------------------+ +---------------+
| DISK | | CONFIG FILE |
+-------------------------+ +---------------+
最底层的是 disk 库和 config file 。这里需要注意，这里的 config file 就是传统的配置文件，默认为 /etc/proxysql.cnf ， ProxySQL 启动时，主要是从 disk 库中读取配置加载到内存并最终加载到 runtime 生效，只有极少的几个特定配置内容是从 config file 中加载的，除非是第一次初始化 ProxySQL 运行环境(或者disk库为空)
中间层的是 memory ，表示的是内存数据库，其实就是 main 库。通过管理接口修改的所有配置，都保存在内存数据库(main)中。当 ProxySQL 重启或者崩溃时，这个内存数据库中的数据会丢失，所以需要 save 到 disk 库中。
最上层的是 runtime ，它是 ProxySQL 有关线程运行时读取的数据结构。换句话说，该数据结构中的配置都是已生效的配置。所以，修改了 main 库中的配置后，必须 load 到 runtime 数据结构中才能使其生效。
在上面的多层配置系统图中，标注了[1]、[2]、[3]、[4]、[5]的序号。每个序号都有两个操作方向from/to，其实只是所站角度不同而已。以下是各序号对应的操作
[root@localhost ~]# mv /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db /opt/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/proxysql/
proxysql-ca.pem
proxysql-cert.pem
proxysql-key.pem
proxysql_stats.db
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/proxysql.cnf
admin_variables=
{
admin_credentials="admin:admin"
# mysql_ifaces="127.0.0.1:6032;/tmp/proxysql_admin.sock"
mysql_ifaces="0.0.0.0:3306"
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep m
ysql
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep m
ariadb
mariadb-connector-c-config-3.0.7-1.el8.noarch
mariadb-common-10.3.17-1.module_el8.1.0+257+48736ea6.x86_64
mariadb-connector-c-3.0.7-1.el8.x86_64
mariadb-10.3.17-1.module_el8.1.0+257+48736ea6.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart proxysql
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6033 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6033 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6033 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6033 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
1] ：将内存数据库中的配置加载到RUNTIME数据结构中
LOAD XXX FROM MEMORY
LOAD XXX TO RUNTIME
[2] ：将RUNTIME数据结构中的配置持久化到内存数据库中
SAVE XXX FROM RUNTIME
SAVE XXX TO MEMORY
[3] ：将磁盘数据库中的配置加载到内存数据库中
LOAD XXX FROM DISK
LOAD XXX TO MEMORY
[4] ：将内存数据库中的配置持久化到磁盘数据库中
SAVE XXX FROM MEMORY
SAVE XXX TO DISK
[5] ：从传统配置文件中读取配置加载到内存数据库中
LOAD XXX FROM CONFIG
DISK/MEMORY/RUNTIME/CONFIG 可以缩写，只要能识别即可。例如MEMORY可以缩写为MEM，runtime可以缩写为run
另外，上面的XXX是什么？这表示要加载/保存的是哪类配置。目前的ProxySQL支持以下几种：
- mysql users
- mysql servers
- mysql variables
- mysql query rules
- admin variables
- scheduler
proxysql_servers：目前ProxySQL集群功能还处于实验阶段，所以该类配置不应该去使用
这些从main库或disk
库中就可以查看到
MySQL [(none)]> show tables from disk;
+------------------------------------+
| tables |
+------------------------------------+
| global_variables |
| mysql_aws_aurora_hostgroups |
| mysql_collations |
| mysql_galera_hostgroups |
| mysql_group_replication_hostgroups |
| mysql_query_rules |
| mysql_query_rules_fast_routing |
| mysql_replication_hostgroups |
| mysql_servers |
| mysql_users |
| proxysql_servers |
| scheduler |
+------------------------------------+
12 rows in set (0.001 sec)
上面的结果中我给这些表都标注了一些序号，其所对应的表的内容有以下讲究：
- (1)中包含两类变量，以amdin-开头的表示admin variables，以mysql-开头的表示mysql variables。修改哪类变量，前文的XXX就代表哪类
- (2,5,6)对应的都是mysql servers
- (3,4)对应的是mysql query rules
- (7)对应的mysql users
- (9)对应的scheduler
- (N)只是一张表，保存的是ProxySQL支持的字符集和排序规则，它是不用修改的
- (8)是ProxySQL的集群配置表，该功能目前还处于实验阶段。如果想要配置该功能，则load/save proxysql_servers to/from …
ProxySQL实现读写分离示例
| IP | 角色 | 应用 | 系统平台 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 192.168.236.135 | 读写分离解析主机 | proxysql | redhat8 |
| 192.168.236.131 | master | myasql | redhat8 |
| 192.168.236.129 | slave | mysql | redhat8 |
准备工作：
关闭防火墙
关闭SELINUX
安装mysql并配置主从
//关闭防火墙和seliunx
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0
[root@master ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
//安装mariadb
[root@master ~]# yum -y install mariadb*
[root@slave ~]# yum -y install mariadb*
[root@slave ~]# systemctl enable --now mariadb //设置开机自启
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now mariadb //设置开机自启
[root@master ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 11
Server version: 10.3.17-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.236.129' identified by 'repl123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
//测试
[root@slave ~]# mysql -urepl -prepl123! -h192.168.236.131
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 11
Server version: 10.3.17-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
//改配置文件
[root@master ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin = mysql_bin
server_id = 10
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart mariadb //服务重启
[root@master ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 | 328 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
[root@slave ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.236.131',master_user='repl',master_password='repl123!',master_log_file='mysql_bin.000001',master_log_pos=328;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.136 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.236.131
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 328
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 555
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 328
Relay_Log_Space: 866
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 10
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Using_Gtid: No
Gtid_IO_Pos:
Replicate_Do_Domain_Ids:
Replicate_Ignore_Domain_Ids:
Parallel_Mode: conservative
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Slave_DDL_Groups: 0
Slave_Non_Transactional_Groups: 0
Slave_Transactional_Groups: 0
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> create database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| school |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.001 sec)
配置ProxySQL
mysql主库添加proxysql可以增删改查的账号
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'proadmin'@'192.168.236.135' identified by 'proadmin';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
登录proxysql管理端
使用 insert 语句添加 mysql 主机到 mysql_servers 表中，其中：hostgroup_id 1 表示写组，2表示读组
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,comment) values(10,'192.168.226.129',3306,1,'Write Group');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,cne)]> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,comment) values(20,'192.168.226.131',3306,1,'Read Group');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> select hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,comment from mysql_servers;
+--------------+-----------------+------+--------+-------------+
| hostgroup_id | hostname | port | weight | comment |
+--------------+-----------------+------+--------+-------------+
| 10 | 192.168.226.129 | 3306 | 1 | Write Group |
| 20 | 192.168.226.131 | 3306 | 1 | Read Group |
+--------------+-----------------+------+--------+-------------+
2 rows in set (0.000 sec)
修改后，需要加载到RUNTIME，并保存到disk
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> load mysql servers to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> save mysql servers to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.061 sec)
在 proxysql 主机的 mysql_users 表中添加刚才在 master 上创建的账号 proxysql，proxysql 客户端需要使用这个账号来访问数据库
default_hostgroup 默认组设置为写组，也就是1;
当读写分离的路由规则不符合时，会访问默认组的数据库;
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> insert into mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup,transaction_persistent)values('proadmin','proadmin',10,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> select username,password,default_hostgroup,transaction_persistent from mysql_users;
+----------+----------+-------------------+------------------------+
| username | password | default_hostgroup | transaction_persistent |
+----------+----------+-------------------+------------------------+
| proadmin | proadmin | 10 | 1 |
+----------+----------+-------------------+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> load mysql users to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.002 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> save mysql users to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.002 sec)
添加健康检测的帐号
在mysql的 master 端添加属于proxysql的只读账号
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'monitor'@'192.168.236.135' IDENTIFIED BY 'monitor';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.046 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
在proxysql主机端修改变量设置健康检测的账号
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> set mysql-monitor_username='monitor';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> set mysql-monitor_password='monitor';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> load mysql users to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> save mysql users to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.007 sec)
添加读写分离的路由规则
需求：
将 select 查询语句全部路由至 hostgroup_id=2 的组(也就是读组)
但是 select * from tb for update 这样的语句是会修改数据的，所以需要单独定义，将它路由至 hostgroup_id=1 的组(也就是写组)
其他没有被规则匹配到的组将会被路由至用户默认的组(mysql_users 表中的 default_hostgroup)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply) values(10,1,'^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$',10,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> insert into mysql_query_rules(rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply)values(20,1,'^SELECT',20,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> select rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply from mysql_query_rules;
+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
| rule_id | active | match_digest | destination_hostgroup | apply |
+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
| 10 | 1 | ^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$ | 10 | 1 |
| 20 | 1 | ^SELECT | 20 | 1 |
+---------+--------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.000 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> load mysql query rules to run;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
(admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> save mysql query rules to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.006 sec)
验证读写分离
登录 proxysql 客户端
登录用户是刚才我们在 mysql_user 表中创建的用户，端口为6033
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uproadmin -pproadmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6033
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
// 验证读写分离是否成功，ProxySQL有个类似审计的功能，可以查看各类SQL的执行情况，其需要在proxysql管理端执行
admin@127.0.0.1:6032) [(none)]> select * from stats_mysql_query_digest\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
hostgroup: 20
schemaname: information_schema
username: proadmin
client_address:
digest: 0x3EA85877510AC608
digest_text: select * from stats_mysql_query_digest
count_star: 1
first_seen: 1609678282
last_seen: 1609678282
sum_time: 10003171
min_time: 10003171
max_time: 10003171
sum_rows_affected: 0
sum_rows_sent: 0
*************************** 2. row ***************************
hostgroup: 20
schemaname: information_schema
username: proadmin
client_address:
digest: 0x6639C21030DE24C2
digest_text: select rule_id,active,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply from mysql_query_rules
count_star: 1
first_seen: 1609678048
last_seen: 1609678048
sum_time: 10000201
min_time: 10000201
max_time: 10000201
sum_rows_affected: 0
sum_rows_sent: 0
*************************** 3. row ***************************
hostgroup: 10
schemaname: information_schema
username: proadmin
client_address:
digest: 0x02033E45904D3DF0
digest_text: show databases
count_star: 5
first_seen: 1609677960
last_seen: 1609678592
sum_time: 50004533
min_time: 10000281
max_time: 10001771
sum_rows_affected: 0
sum_rows_sent: 0
*************************** 4. row ***************************
hostgroup: 10
schemaname: information_schema
username: proadmin
client_address:
digest: 0x594F2C744B698066
digest_text: select USER()
count_star: 5
first_seen: 1609677347
last_seen: 1609678566
sum_time: 0
min_time: 0
max_time: 0
sum_rows_affected: 0
sum_rows_sent: 0
*************************** 5. row ***************************
hostgroup: 10
schemaname: information_schema
username: proadmin
client_address:
digest: 0xCE6BB7764BA98E04
digest_text: create database jinxinruntian
count_star: 2
first_seen: 1609677715
last_seen: 1609677796
sum_time: 20000570
min_time: 10000000
max_time: 10000570
sum_rows_affected: 0
sum_rows_sent: 0
*************************** 6. row ***************************
hostgroup: 10
schemaname: information_schema
username: proadmin
client_address:
digest: 0x226CD90D52A2BA0B
digest_text: select @@version_comment limit ?
count_star: 5
first_seen: 1609677347
last_seen: 1609678566
sum_time: 0
min_time: 0
max_time: 0
sum_rows_affected: 0
sum_rows_sent: 0
*************************** 7. row ***************************
hostgroup: 10
schemaname: information_schema
username: proadmin
client_address:
digest: 0x60CA5FCF2DCFE887
digest_text: create database yt
count_star: 1
first_seen: 1609677649
last_seen: 1609677649
sum_time: 10000979
min_time: 10000979
max_time: 10000979
sum_rows_affected: 0
sum_rows_sent: 0
*************************** 8. row ***************************
hostgroup: 10
schemaname: information_schema
username: proadmin
client_address:
digest: 0x58E6923ACC20FEBB
digest_text: creata database school
count_star: 1
first_seen: 1609677823
last_seen: 1609677823
sum_time: 10000445
min_time: 10000445
max_time: 10000445
sum_rows_affected: 0
sum_rows_sent: 0
*************************** 9. row ***************************
hostgroup: 10
schemaname: information_schema
username: proadmin
client_address:
digest: 0x0B1D447AD1A1D7CC
digest_text: creata database school1
count_star: 1
first_seen: 1609677838
last_seen: 1609677838
sum_time: 10000332
min_time: 10000332
max_time: 10000332
sum_rows_affected: 0
sum_rows_sent: 0
9 rows in set (0.003 sec)
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