LNMP代表的就是：Linux系统下Nginx+MySQL+PHP这种网站服务器架构。
Linux是一类Unix计算机操作系统的统称，是目前最流行的免费操作系统。代表版本有：debian、centos、ubuntu、fedora、gentoo等。
Nginx是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器，也是一个IMAP/POP3/SMTP代理服务器。
Mysql是一个小型关系型数据库管理系统。
PHP是一种在服务器端执行的嵌入HTML文档的脚本语言。
nginx安装
//关闭防火墙和seliunx
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
//创建系统用户nginx
[oot@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin ngin
//安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel gcc gcc-c++
//安装依赖环境
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y groups mark install 'Development Tools'
//创建日志存放目录
//[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/log/nginx
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/log/nginx/
//下载nginx
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.g
//解压
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg nginx-1.18.0 nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
//编译安装
[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-debug \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_image_filter_module \
--with-http_gunzip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l) && make install
nginx安装后配置
//配置环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH' >/etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
[root@localhost ~]# which nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
//服务控制方式，使用nginx命令
-t //检查配置文件语法
-v //输出nginx的版本
-c //指定配置文件的路径
-s //发送服务控制信号，可选值有{stop|quit|reopen|reload}
[root@localhost ~]# nginx
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
安装mysql
//安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel
//创建用户和组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@localhost ~]# id mysql
uid=991(mysql) gid=988(mysql) groups=988(mysql)
[root@localhost ~]#
//下载二进制格式的mysql软件包
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
/修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[root@localhost local]# ln -s mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql*
//添加环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
//建立数据存放目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data
//初始化数据库
root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --datadir=/opt/data --user=mysql
2020-12-20T09:32:43.970731Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-12-20T09:32:44.140836Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-12-20T09:32:44.170793Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-12-20T09:32:44.176561Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 5028769e-42a6-11eb-a126-000c296e476d.
2020-12-20T09:32:44.177687Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-12-20T09:32:44.974350Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-12-20T09:32:45.384549Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
//配置mysql
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql/
[root@localhost ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig
//生成配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
EOF
//配置服务启动脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
//启动mysql
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
//安装ncurses-compat-libs
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses-compat-libs
安装php
//安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf php-7.2.8.tar.xz
[root@localhost ~]# cd php-7.2.8
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif \
--enable-ftp \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-gettext \
--enable-json \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--enable-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix
//编译过程
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# make -j $(cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep processor|wc -l)
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# make && make install
//安装后配置
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# source /etc/profile.d/php.sh
//配置php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
cp: overwrite '/etc/php.ini'? y
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
cp: overwrite '/etc/init.d/php-fpm'? y
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
//编辑php-fpm的配置文件（/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf）：
//配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值：
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 2
pm.max_spare_servers = 8
//启动php
[root@localhost ~]# service php-fpm start
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
配置nginx虚拟主机
//修改nginx配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
....
location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $Document_Root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
//创建php测试页面
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
//重启nginx
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s stop
[root@localhost ~]# nginx
统计某个时间段，Nginx日志访问最频繁的IP
[root@localhost logs]# awk '{print $1}' /var/log/nginx/access.log | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr -k1 | head -n 10
26 192.168.236.1
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