Django——form组件和ModelForm

最新推荐文章于 2025-08-01 18:41:57 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-08-01 18:41:57 发布 · 1.5k 阅读

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本文详细介绍了如何在Django中使用form组件和ModelForm实现书城的增删改查功能。从构建模型、数据库迁移，到使用admin模块录入数据，再到通过forms组件和ModelForm创建表单，包括视图、模板的编写和错误处理。重点讲解了ModelForm的使用，包括instance参数、POST请求处理、模板改写和元类属性设置优化。同时，文章还探讨了Django请求处理流程，帮助理解form组件在实际项目中的应用。

Django——form组件和ModelForm

一、原生form实现书城增删改查

1、构建模型并完成数据库迁移

（1）构建书城模型

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
# 创建一个图书管理系统的模型


class Book(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2)   # 8个有效数，两个浮点
    date = models.DateField()
    publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class Publish(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Author(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

models.py

（2）数据库迁移

$ python3 manage.py makemigrations
$ python3 manage.py migrate

2、运用admin模块录入数据

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.
from .models import *


admin.site.register(Book)
admin.site.register(Author)
admin.site.register(Publish)

admin.py

　　创建超级用户：

manage.py@formsDemo2 >  createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'hqs'):  yuan
Email address:  
Warning: Password input may be echoed.
Password:  yuan1234
Warning: Password input may be echoed.
Password (again):  yuan1234
Superuser created successfully.

3、录入作者、出版社、书籍信息

4、代码

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import url
from app01 import views


urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^books/$', views.book),
    url(r'^books/add', views.addbook),
    url(r'^books/edit/(\d+)', views.editbook),
]

urls.py

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect

# Create your views here.
from .models import *


def book(request):
    book_list = Book.objects.all()

    return render(request, 'books.html', locals())


def addbook(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        title = request.POST.get("title")
        price = request.POST.get("price")
        date = request.POST.get("date")
        publish_id = request.POST.get("publish_id")
        # getlist(): Return the list of values for the key.
        author_pk_list = request.POST.getlist("author_pk_list")

        # 取到用户输入的书籍信息后添加到数据库Book表中
        book_obj = Book.objects.create(title=title, price=price, date=date, publish_id=publish_id)

        # 直接绑定主键，将作者对象添加到这本书的作者集合中
        book_obj.authors.add(*author_pk_list)

        return redirect("/books/")

    publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
    author_list = Author.objects.all()

    return render(request, "addbook.html", locals())


def editbook(request, edit_book_id):
    if request.method == "POST":
        title = request.POST.get("title")
        price = request.POST.get("price