本文详细介绍了如何在Eclipse中使用Maven搭建开发环境，包括导入jar包、配置数据库（PostgreSQL）、设置Maven与Eclipse插件、以及配置Spring框架与相关依赖，同时提供了Spring MVC的初始化配置与Web应用开发步骤。
在Eclipse中使用Maven搭建开发环境，首先要下载Eclipse，地址:http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/；安装好Mavne插件后才能进行，教程：http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/lfsfxy9/article/details/9397937；我的数据库是使用的开源的关系型数据库PostgreSQL数据库。
第一步：导入jar包，这一步在Maven中特别简单，Maven构建的项目中有一个pom.xml文件，这个是管理jar包和其他一些配置信息的文件。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.**</groupId>
<artifactId>artifactName</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>porjectName Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<spring.version>3.1.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<!-- jar包下载的地址 -->
<repositories>
<!-- 中央仓库 -->
<repository>
<id>mvn-repo</id>
<name>mvn Repository</name>
<url>http://mvnrepository.com/</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
<dependencies>
<!-- mail相关类 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
<version>1.4.7</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 测试用 junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-asm</artifactId>
<version>3.1.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-instrument-tomcat</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>3.1.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc-portlet</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-struts</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate jar -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>3.5.0-Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>3.5.0-Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 添加验证jar -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>4.2.0.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- servlet jar -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- codehaus 页面跳转 ??-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.plexus</groupId>
<artifactId>plexus-compiler-javac</artifactId>
<version>1.8.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- slf4j jar包 日志有关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.6.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.6.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.14</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>postgresql</groupId>
<artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
<version>8.4-701.jdbc4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jstl 标签 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- http和json -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
<artifactId>gson</artifactId>
<version>1.5</version>
</dependency>
<!--
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.4.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.4.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.9.13</version>
</dependency>
-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.9.13</version>
<type>jar</type>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.9.13</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
<version>4.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient-cache</artifactId>
<version>4.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 读取xml -->
<dependency>
<groupId>jdom</groupId>
<artifactId>jdom</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.main.common</groupId>
<artifactId>common-util</artifactId>
<version>4.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.10-FINAL</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 切面编程相关jar -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
<version>1.8.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- axis2 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.ws.commons.axiom</groupId>
<artifactId>axiom-api</artifactId>
<version>1.2.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.axis2</groupId>
<artifactId>axis2-kernel</artifactId>
<version>1.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.axis2</groupId>
<artifactId>axis2-adb</artifactId>
<version>1.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.axis2</groupId>
<artifactId>axis2-transport-local</artifactId>
<version>1.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.axis2</groupId>
<artifactId>axis2-transport-http</artifactId>
<version>1.5</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>violationsdrivecar</finalName>
<!-- 设置/src/main/resources下的.properties文件可以访问pom.xml里的值 -->
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>${basedir}/src/main/java</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>${basedir}/src/main/webapp</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
<!-- 各个环境下不同的配置 -->
<profiles>
<profile>
<id>local</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
</activation>
<!-- -->
<properties>
<hibernate.dialect>org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect</hibernate.dialect>
<hibernate.show_sql>true</hibernate.show_sql>
<hibernate.format_sql>true</hibernate.format_sql>
<com.magus.encoding>utf-8</com.magus.encoding>
</properties>
</profile>
<profile>
<id>qa</id>
<properties>
<
<hibernate.dialect>org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect</hibernate.dialect>
<hibernate.show_sql>true</hibernate.show_sql>
<hibernate.format_sql>true</hibernate.format_sql>
<com.magus.encoding>utf-8</com.magus.encoding>
<log4j.rootLogger>INFO,sys,file</log4j.rootLogger>
<log4j.appender.file.File>/srv/logs/violationsdrivecar_cor/violationsdrivecar_cor.log</log4j.appender.file.File>
</properties>
<build>
<plugins>
<!--
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.plexus</groupId>
<artifactId>plexus-compiler-javac</artifactId>
<version>1.8.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</plugin>
-->
<!--
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId>
<artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.3.3</version>
<configuration>
<container>
<containerId>glassfish3x</containerId>
<type>remote</type>
</container>
<configuration>
<type>runtime</type>
<properties>
<cargo.hostname>qa.fun-guide.mobi:4747</cargo.hostname>
<cargo.remote.username>admin</cargo.remote.username>
<cargo.remote.password>adminadmin</cargo.remote.password>
</properties>
</configuration>
<deployables>
<deployable>
<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>${project.artifactId}</artifactId>
<type>war</type>
<properties>
<context>/${project.artifactId}</context>
</properties>
</deployable>
</deployables>
</configuration>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.deployment</groupId>
<artifactId>deployment-client</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</plugin>
-->
</plugins>
</build>
</profile>
<!-- 待修改 -->
<profile>
<id>online</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
</activation>
<!-- -->
<properties>
<hibernate.dialect>org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect</hibernate.dialect>
<hibernate.show_sql>true</hibernate.show_sql>
<hibernate.format_sql>true</hibernate.format_sql>
<com.magus.encoding>utf-8</com.magus.encoding>
<log4j.rootLogger>INFO,sys,file</log4j.rootLogger>
<log4j.appender.file.File>/srv/logs/violationsdrivecar_cor/violationsdrivecar_cor.log</log4j.appender.file.File>
</properties>
</profile>
</profiles>
</project>
看我的注释基本就能明白我的意思了。
还需要有spring mvc独有的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
default-autowire="byName">
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.magus.violationsdrivecar" >
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Service" />
</context:component-scan>
<!--
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
-->
<!-- 访问静态内容 -->
<mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/"/>
<mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/css/"/>
<bean id="validator"
class="org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" />
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
<property name="webBindingInitializer">
<bean class="org.springframework.web.bind.support.ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer">
<!-- <property name="conversionService" ref="conversionService" />-->
<property name="validator" ref="validator" />
</bean>
</property>
<property name="messageConverters">
<list>
<!--
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
-->
<!---->
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" >
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
<value>application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter" />
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.FormHttpMessageConverter" />
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.xml.SourceHttpMessageConverter" />
-->
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter"/>
<!--
Most controllers will use the ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping above, but
for the index controller we are using ParameterizableViewController, so we must
define an explicit mapping for it.
-->
<bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="mappings">
<props>
<prop key="index.htm">indexController</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
p:prefix="/jsp/"
p:suffix=".jsp" />
<!--
The index controller.
-->
<bean name="indexController"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.ParameterizableViewController"
p:viewName="index" />
</beans>
第二步，修改web.xml这个配置文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!-- Spring 配置 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- Spring Encoding Filter -->
<filter>
<filter-name>springEncoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>springEncoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- Spring mvc 配置 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.json</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- Config Session Lazy Loading -->
<filter>
<filter-name>springOpenSessionView</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>flushMode</param-name>
<param-value>AUTO</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>springOpenSessionView</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.json</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 指定Spring bean 的配置文件所在目录，默认为在WEB-INFO目录下 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml,classpath*:spring/*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
</web-app>
接下来就是开发了
设置控制器层
新建一个类
@Controller
@Scope("prototype")
public class Test
{
@RequestMapping(value = "/affirm")
public String test( ){
System.out.println("Hello Word!");
return "welcome";
}
}
Dao层，注意：增删改的操作在方法前需加上 注释@Transactional方可
@Component("baseDaoImpl")
public class BaseDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements BaseDao
{
@Transactional
@Override
public void save(Object o)
{
this.getHibernateTemplate().save(o);
}
}
Service层
@Component("testUserServiceImpl")
public class TestUserServiceImpl implements TestUserService
{
@Resource(name = "testUserDaoImpl")
private TestUserDao testUserDao;
@Transactional
@Override
public void saveaa(ViolationsOrder obj)
{
testUserDao.save(obj);
}
}
以此类推就行了！
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