详解八种主要时态的语态格式

🌟 详解八种主要时态的语态格式

语态（主动 vs. 被动）是建立在时态（时间）的基础上的。被动语态的精髓在于：$$\text{Be 动词（标记时态）}+\text{过去分词 (V3)（标记被动）}$$

我们将把这八种时态分为三大类进行讲解：

一、 简单时态（Simple Tenses）

时态	主动语态结构 (Active Voice)	被动语态结构 (Passive Voice)	转换示例
1. 一般现在时	主语 + V / V-s	主语 + am/is/are + V3	Active: He writes the report. Passive: The report is written by him.
2. 一般过去时	主语 + V-ed	主语 + was/were + V3	Active: He wrote the report. Passive: The report was written by him.
3. 一般将来时	主语 + will + V	主语 + will be + V3	Active: He will write the report. Passive: The report will be written by him.

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二、 进行时态（Continuous Tenses）

进行时被动语态的核心是引入 being 来标记“正在进行”的状态，然后接 V3。

时态	主动语态结构 (Active Voice)	被动语态结构 (Passive Voice)	转换示例
4. 现在进行时	主语 + am/is/are + V-ing	主语 + am/is/are being + V3	Active: He is writing the report. Passive: The report is being written by him.
5. 过去进行时	主语 + was/were + V-ing	主语 + was/were being + V3	Active: He was writing the report. Passive: The report was being written by him.

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三、 完成时态（Perfect Tenses）

完成时被动语态的核心是引入 been（be 的过去分词）来标记“完成”的状态，然后接 V3。

时态	主动语态结构 (Active Voice)	被动语态结构 (Passive Voice)	转换示例
6. 现在完成时	主语 + have/has + V3	主语 + have/has been + V3	Active: He has written the report. Passive: The report has been written by him.
7. 过去完成时	主语 + had + V3	主语 + had been + V3	Active: He had written the report. Passive: The report had been written by him.
8. 将来完成时	主语 + will have + V3	主语 + will have been + V3	Active: He will have written the report. Passive: The report will have been written by him.

📌 关键总结

1. 主动语态： 结构多样，取决于时态（V, V-ed, have V3, be V-ing 等）。
2. 被动语态： 核心结构永远是 Be + V3。
3. 时态标记： 无论哪个时态，被动语态中，be 动词（或其变体 being / been）承担了所有时态标记的工作。

简写,语法名称,动词变化,常用功能,例子 (Write)
V1,动词原形 (Base Form),原型,用于一般现在时、将来时、情态动词后,write (写)
V2,一般过去式 (Simple Past Tense),过去式,仅用于一般过去时的主动语态,wrote (写了)
V3,过去分词 (Past Participle),过去分词,1. 构成完成时 (have/has/had+V3),written (已写)
,2. 构成被动语态 (be+V3),written (被写)