linux 下面安装Oracle10g全程详解

系统环境监测以及设置

--操作系统类型，名称，内核版本，日期时间，内核架构位数 [root@dw_scheduler_system ~]# uname -a Linux dw_scheduler_system 2.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Fri Apr 2 14:58:14 EDT 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux   --查看系统总的物理内存 [root@dw_scheduler_system ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo MemTotal:      8168088 kB   --查看系统总的交换分区 [root@dw_scheduler_system ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo SwapTotal:    10223608 kB   --查看系统硬盘的空间分布 [root@dw_scheduler_system ~]# df -h Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00                       387G   16G  351G   5% / /dev/sda1              99M   20M   75M  21% /boot tmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm   --创建oracle用户以及相应的组，设置oracle用户的密码 [root@dw_scheduler_system ~]#/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall [root@dw_scheduler_system ~]#/usr/sbin/groupadd dba [root@dw_scheduler_system ~]#/usr/sbin/useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle [root@dw_scheduler_system ~]# id oracle uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba) [root@dw_scheduler_system ~]# passwd oracle Changing password for user oracle. New UNIX password: BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word Retype new UNIX password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully   --创建oracle的安装目录以及存放临时文件的目录 cd /opt mkdir tmp oracle chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/tmp chmod 775 /opt/oracle chmod 775 /opt/tmp   --查看当前操作系统的版本信息 [root@dw_scheduler_system ~]# lsb_release -a LSB Version:    :core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-ia32:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-ia32:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-ia32:printing-4.0-noarch Distributor ID: CentOS Description:    CentOS release 5.6 (Final) Release:        5.6 Codename:       Final   --修改系统内核参数以及一些相关配置 cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 6442450944 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 fs.file-max = 101365 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default=1048576 net.core.wmem_default=1048576 net.core.rmem_max=1048576 net.core.wmem_max=1048576 EOF   --执行系统充值文件来引用前面设置的参数 /sbin/sysctl -p /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range   --设置oracle用户的系统资源使用权限 cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF oracle               soft    nproc   2047    #当前系统生效的本用户所能够开启的最多进程个数 oracle               hard    nproc   16384   #系统所能支持的本用户所能够开启的最多进程个数 oracle               soft    nofile  1024    #当前系统生效的本用户所能够打开的最多文件个数 oracle               hard    nofile  65536   #系统所能支持的本用户所能够打开的最多文件个数 EOF   --配置oracle进入登录配置，解决本地控制台下[按ctrl+alt+Fn]无法登陆的问题 cat >> /etc/pam.d/login <<EOF session    required     /lib64/security/pam_limits.so EOF   --配置oracle用户的bash_profile，避免每次登录都要export环境变量 [oracle@localhost ~]$ more .bash_profile # .bash_profile   # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then         . ~/.bashrc fi   # User specific environment and startup programs   #PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin   #export PATH export TEMP=/opt/tmp export TMPDIR=/opt/tmp export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10g export ORACLE_SID=UBSADV export ORACLE_TERM=xterm export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib:/lib export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib export LC_LANG=en_US export LC_ALL=en_US export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK   unset USERNAME umask 022

检查，安装orale必须的一些rpm package

列表如下（red hat 5版本的，其他版本类似，可以yun update 加上名字的字母部分check一下，再进行安装）：
yum install binutils-2.17.50.0.6-2.el5
yum install compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61
yum install elfutils-libelf-0.125-3.el5
yum install elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
yum install gcc-4.1.1-52
yum install gcc-c++-4.1.1-52
yum install glibc-2.5-12
yum install glibc-common-2.5-12
yum install glibc-devel-2.5-12
yum install glibc-headers-2.5-12
yum install libaio-0.3.106
yum install libaio-devel-0.3.106
yum install libgcc-4.1.1-52
yum install libstdc++-4.1.1
yum install libstdc++-devel-4.1.1-52.e15
yum install make-3.81-1.1
yum install sysstat-7.0.0
yum install unixODBC-2.2.11
yum install unixODBC-devel-2.2.11
yum install compat-db-4.2.52 (x86_64)
yum install compat-libstdc++-296(i386)
yum install compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (x86_64)
yum install compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3(i386)
yum install control-center-2.16.0 (x86_64)
yum install glibc-2.5-12 (x86_64)
yum install glibc-2.5-12 (i686)
yum install glibc-devel-2.5-12 (x86_64)
yum install glibc-devel-2.5-12(i386)
yum install ksh-20060214-1.4 (x86_64)
yum install libgcc-4.1.1(i386)
yum install libgcc-4.1.1(x86_64)
yum install libgnome-2.16.0 (x86_64)
yum install libgnomeui-2.16.0 (x86_64)
yum install libgomp-4.1.1 (x86_64)
yum install libXp-1.0.0-8 (i386)
yum install libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.*
yum install libXp-devel-1.0.0-8.1.el5.*

[root@dw_scheduler_system ~]# yum install binutils Setting up Install Process Package binutils-2.17.50.0.6-14.el5.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do

安装oracle10g RDBMS

如果机器安装了VNCSERVER的话，可以用VNC client远程图形化安装，这样的话会很友好，也不错。这里就不再赘述，我们这里主要是通过配置Oracle installation的response file来静默安装。

先安装10.2.0.1版本

--解压oracle软件到当前目录 [root@dw_scheduler_system tmp]# cpio -idmv < 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio ...... database/doc/server.102/b14196/undo_manage.gif database/doc/server.102/b14196/users_and_privs.gif database/doc/server.102/b14196/users_page.gif database/doc/server.102/b14196/users_secure.htm database/doc/server.102/b14196/view_all_props.gif database/doc/server.102/b14196/view_data_po.gif database/doc/server.102/b14196/view_employees.gif database/doc/server.102/b14196 database/doc/server.102/b14196.pdf database/doc/server.102/b15658/admin_ora.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/admn_sqlpls.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/appa_aix.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/appb_hpux.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/appc_linux.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/appd_mac.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/appe_sol.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/appf_tru.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/appg_db_lmts.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/app_odbc.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/cnfg_net_srv.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/cnfg_prd.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/index.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/ldr_demo.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/prcmp_cll_int.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/preface.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/strt_stp.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/title.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/toc.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658/tuning.htm database/doc/server.102/b15658 database/doc/server.102/b15658.pdf database/doc/server.102 database/doc database/welcome.html database 1565626 blocks [root@dw_scheduler_system database]# ls doc  install  response  runInstaller  stage  welcome.html [root@dw_scheduler_system database]# cd response/ [root@dw_scheduler_system response]# ls custom.rsp  dbca.rsp  emca.rsp  enterprise.rsp  netca.rsp  standard.rsp [root@dw_scheduler_system response]# ll total 244 -rwxrwxr-x 1 94110 42424 25278 Oct 23  2005 custom.rsp -rw-rw-r-- 1 94110 42424 44600 Oct 23  2005 dbca.rsp -rwxrwxr-x 1 94110 42424  8476 Oct 23  2005 emca.rsp -rwxrwxr-x 1 94110 42424 71113 Oct 23  2005 enterprise.rsp -rw-rw-r-- 1 94110 42424  5742 Oct 23  2005 netca.rsp -rwxrwxr-x 1 94110 42424 71113 Oct 23  2005 standard.rsp [root@dw_scheduler_system response]# vi dw_scheduler_system.rsp   RESPONSEFILE_VERSION=2.2.1.0.0 FROM_LOCATION="../stage/products.xml" ORACLE_HOME="/opt/oracle/product/10g/" ORACLE_HOME_NAME="OraDb10g_home1" TOPLEVEL_COMPONENT={"oracle.server","10.2.0.1.0"} DEINSTALL_LIST={"oracle.server","10.2.0.1.0"} SHOW_SPLASH_SCREEN=false SHOW_WELCOME_PAGE=false SHOW_COMPONENT_LOCATIONS_PAGE=false SHOW_CUSTOM_TREE_PAGE=false SHOW_SUMMARY_PAGE=false SHOW_INSTALL_PROGRESS_PAGE=false SHOW_REQUIRED_CONFIG_TOOL_PAGE=false SHOW_CONFIG_TOOL_PAGE=false SHOW_RELEASE_NOTES=false SHOW_ROOTSH_CONFIRMATION=false SHOW_END_SESSION_PAGE=false SHOW_EXIT_CONFIRMATION=false NEXT_SESSION=false NEXT_SESSION_ON_FAIL=false SHOW_DEINSTALL_CONFIRMATION=false SHOW_DEINSTALL_PROGRESS=false ACCEPT_LICENSE_AGREEMENT=true COMPONENT_LANGUAGES={"en"} CLUSTER_NODES= INSTALL_TYPE="EE" s_nameForDBAGrp=dba s_nameForOPERGrp=dba b_oneClick=false SHOW_DATABASE_CONFIGURATION_PAGE=false b_createStarterDB=false oracle.server:DEPENDENCY_LIST={"oracle.rdbms:10.2.0.1.0","oracle.options:10.2.0.1.0","oracle.rdbms.oci:10.2.0.1.0"} oracle.options:DEPENDENCY_LIST={"oracle.rdbms.partitioning:10.2.0.1.0"}   "dw_scheduler_system.rsp" [New] 31L, 907C written [root@dw_scheduler_system response]# cd .. [root@dw_scheduler_system database]# ls doc  install  response  runInstaller  stage  welcome.html [root@dw_scheduler_system database]# ./runInstaller  -ignoreSysPreReqs -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/software/database/response/scheduler_system.rsp

安装后续处理工作

[root@dw_scheduler_system database]# /opt/oracle/product/10g/root.sh #系统环境变量映射，创建oratab，类似于crontab。 Running Oracle10 root.sh script...   The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME= /opt/oracle/   Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ... Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...   Creating /etc/oratab file... Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root.sh script. Now product-specific root actions will be performed.   [root@dw_scheduler_system database]#/opt/oracle/product/10g/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh # Changing permissions of /opt/product/product/10g/oraInventory to 770.   Changing groupname of /opt/product/product/10g/oraInventory to dba.   The execution of the script is complete

升级10.2.0.1到10.2.0.5

[root@dw_scheduler_system tmp]# unzip p8202632_10205_Linux-x86-64.zip ......   inflating: Disk1/stage/oracle.patchset.db.10_2_0_5_0.xml  extracting: Disk1/stage/oracle.patchset.db.10_2_0_5_0_dep_default.properties   inflating: Disk1/stage/oracle.patchset.db.10_2_0_4_0.xml    creating: Disk1/install/   inflating: Disk1/install/lsnodes   inflating: Disk1/install/addNode.sh  extracting: Disk1/install/addLangs.sh   inflating: Disk1/install/oraparam.ini   inflating: Disk1/install/attachHome.sh   inflating: Disk1/install/detachHome.sh    creating: Disk1/install/resource/   inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons.nls   inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_de.nls   inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_es.nls   inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_fr.nls   inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_it.nls   inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_ja.nls   inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_ko.nls   inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_pt_BR.nls   inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_zh_CN.nls   inflating: Disk1/install/resource/cons_zh_TW.nls    creating: Disk1/install/images/  extracting: Disk1/install/images/rdbms_1.gif  extracting: Disk1/install/images/rdbms_2.gif  extracting: Disk1/install/images/rdbms_3.gif  extracting: Disk1/install/images/rdbms_4.gif  extracting: Disk1/install/images/rdbms_5.gif  extracting: Disk1/install/images/rdbms_6.gif  extracting: Disk1/install/images/rdbms_7.gif  extracting: Disk1/install/images/rdbms_8.gif   inflating: Disk1/install/.oui   inflating: Disk1/install/unzip   inflating: Disk1/install/oraparamsilent.ini   inflating: Disk1/patch_note.htm   inflating: Disk1/runInstaller    creating: Disk1/response/   inflating: Disk1/response/patchset.rsp replace README.htm? [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: y   inflating: README.htm [root@dw_scheduler_system tmp]# ls 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio  gconfd-root        orbit-root                       README.htm database                          hsperfdata_oracle  p7612454_10205_Linux-x86-64.zip  ssh-cUwQv13915 Disk1                             hsperfdata_root    p8202632_10205_Linux-x86-64.zip  ssh-lSzwFd1837 [root@dw_scheduler_system tmp]# cd Disk1/ [root@dw_scheduler_system Disk1]# ls install  patch_note.htm  response  runInstaller  stage [root@dw_scheduler_system Disk1]# cd response/ [root@dw_scheduler_system response]# ls patchset.rsp [root@dw_scheduler_system response]# vi scheduler_system_patch.rsp RESPONSEFILE_VERSION=2.2.1.0.0 UNIX_GROUP_NAME="dba" FROM_LOCATION="../stage/products.xml" ORACLE_HOME="/opt/oracle/product/10g/" ORACLE_HOME_NAME="OraDb10g_home1" TOPLEVEL_COMPONENT={"oracle.patchset.db","10.2.0.5.0"} SHOW_SPLASH_SCREEN=false SHOW_WELCOME_PAGE=false SHOW_COMPONENT_LOCATIONS_PAGE=false SHOW_CUSTOM_TREE_PAGE=false SHOW_SUMMARY_PAGE=false SHOW_INSTALL_PROGRESS_PAGE=false SHOW_REQUIRED_CONFIG_TOOL_PAGE=false SHOW_CONFIG_TOOL_PAGE=false SHOW_RELEASE_NOTES=false SHOW_ROOTSH_CONFIRMATION=false SHOW_END_SESSION_PAGE=false SHOW_EXIT_CONFIRMATION=false OUI_HOSTNAME="tdata" RESTART_SYSTEM=false REMOVE_HOMES={} NEXT_SESSION=false NEXT_SESSION_ON_FAIL=false SHOW_DEINSTALL_CONFIRMATION=false SHOW_DEINSTALL_PROGRESS=false ACCEPT_LICENSE_AGREEMENT=true COMPONENT_LANGUAGES={"en"} CLUSTER_NODES= INSTALL_TYPE="EE" s_nameForDBAGrp=dba s_nameForOPERGrp=dba b_oneClick=false SHOW_DATABASE_CONFIGURATION_PAGE=false b_createStarterDB=false DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES = true oracle.server:DEPENDENCY_LIST={"oracle.rdbms:10.2.0.1.0","oracle.options:10.2.0.1.0","oracle.rdbms.oci:10.2.0.1.0"} oracle.options:DEPENDENCY_LIST={"oracle.rdbms.partitioning:10.2.0.1.0"}   #加入上面静默安装参数 [root@dw_scheduler_system response]# ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /tmp/Disk1/response/patch_scheduler_system.rsp

安装完成之后RDBMS安装就完成了。