百词斩语法总结

words + grammar + best practice

 

 

Clause: main clause + introducer + sub clause

 

3 types: 

Adv clause: decorate verb

Noun clause: replace a noun

Adj clause: decorate a noun

 

 

Adv clause: express reason/result, target, condition/give in, way, compare, time/place

Time Adv sub clause:

same time with verb: when, while, as

His phone rang when/while/as he was sleeping.

His phone rang when/as he opened his eyes.(short time verb)

He sleeps when it snows.(regular thing)

He died when he was 15.(a period) 

when to express suddenly: He was sleeping when the phone rang.

while to express compare: He likes sleeping while she likes eating.

as to express with: He snored as he slept.  

 

before verb: before, since

It was ten minutes before he slept.

It was ten minutes since he had slept.

 

after verb: after

 

relationship: till/until

He slept until/till the bell rang.

He didn't sleep until/till the bell rang.

inverse:

Not until the bell rang did he sleep.

It was not until the bell rang that he slept.

 

relationship: as soon as

main happen, sub happen: hardly...when/scarcely...when/no sooner...than

Hardly had he opened his eyes when the phone rang.

sub happen, main happen: as soon as/the minute/the moment/the instant/immediately/directly

He opened his eyes as soon as the phone rang.

 

Reason Adv sub clause:

because: emphasize reason

ex : Because I'm thinking about my life, let's luchuan!

since: emphasize result

ex : Since I'm thinking about my life, let's luchuan!

as: the well-known reason

ex : As it's 0 o'clock, all restaurants are closed.

for: guessed reason

ex : These restaurants will go out of business, for they closed at night.

 

Result Adv sub clause:

so+adj/adv+that

ex : The chuan is so much that I'm not hungry anymore.

such+noun+that

ex : The chuan is such good food that I will have it tomorrow.

 

Target Adv sub clause:

long version: in order that/that/so that/so

ex : In order that we could find the answer to life, let's luchuan.

short version: in order to/so as to + verb directly

ex : In order to find the answer to life, let's luchuan.

short short version: to + verb directly

ex : To find the answer to life, let's luchuan.

in case

ex : You should have a dream in case it comes true.

 

Condition sub clause:

if/unless:

ex : I'll forgive you if you kiss me./I'll not forgive you unless you by me ten bags.

only if/if only:

ex : Only if it's 2 a.m., I will go to bed./If only I could never sleep.

as long as/so long as/on condition that/provided/providing that/suppose/supposing:

ex : I don't care what you did as long as you love me.

 

Give in sub clause:

though/although/even though/even if:

ex : Although you're Wu yanzu, still/yet I don't love you.

no matter wh-/wh-ever:

ex : Whoever you are, I dislike you./No matter who you are, I dislike you.

while/as : while must in the front of the sentence, as need to invert

ex : While you're Wu Yanzu, still I dislike you./Handsome as you are, I dislike you.

 

 

Noun clause: replace a noun

Subject clause:

The news surprises us. 

That he likes the girl surprises us.

Object clause:

He announces the news.

He announces that he likes the girl.

Predicative clause:

The news is a secret.

The news is that he likes the girl.

Appositive clause:

I know the book, The Little Prince.

I know the news that he likes the girl.

 

To express true thing, use that

It is an undoubted fact that he likes the girl.

To express untrue thing, use whether/if

It doesn't matter whether he likes the girl or not.

To express question, use when/where/why/how/who/whom/which/what

Why he likes the girl is still a mystery.

 

 

 

Adj clause: decorate a noun

relative pronoun: clause miss one part of sentence, who/whom/whose/which/that/as

She has a boyfriend whose legs are long.

 

decorate main clause: as/which

As we all know, his legs are fake./His legs are fake, as we all know. = His legs are fake, which we all know.

 

can't use that cases:

Add "," will be non-restrictive adj clause, could use who/whom/which, but can't use that

He has long legs, which are attractive to her.

After prep, must use whom, can't use that 

He is the man with whom she was once in love.

 

relative adv:when/where/why

where could follow with dream/case/situation/point:

She had a dream where she married a long-legged man.

 

Three same meaning sentence?

The cat is difficult to understand.

To understand the cat is difficult.

It is difficult to understand the cat.

 

The cat ordered her to work.

She was ordered to work by the cat.

 

 

There is only one verb in one sentence, other like to do, doing, done, are non-verb

only to be noun, adj, adv

before verb: done

same as verb: doing

after verb: to do

 

 

Doing/Done

doing/done as adv: the doing/done and verb from same person, to express reason, condition, compromise, result

happend with verb at the same time:

active: doing

Eating the jizhuazi, she scratched her foot.

passive: done

Shocked by the spider, she stopped eating.

happend before verb for many times: having done/been done

active: having done

Having eaten the jizhuazi, she scratched her foot.

passive: having been done

Having been shocked for twice, she stopped eating.

 

With noun: like adj

doing: active or on going

done: passive or have finished

front: only one

the boiling water, the boiled water

back: other adv

the water boiling in the pot

 

 

To Do:

follow with noun: like adj

This is the best book to read.

follow with adj: do sth adv

The cat is difficult to understand.

follow with verb directly: to do

She wants to keep a cat.

(wish : hope, expect, want, plan)

(attitude : promise, agree, refuse)

(seemingly : seem, appear)

follow with verb+obj: 

The cat ordered her to work

follow with verb+it+adj: to express thought

I find it interesting to keep a cat

 

as adv: 

to express object:

To reward her, the cat gives her a mouse.

to express result:

She hurries back home, only to find the cat has broken a vase.

 

without to

feel:

I feel my hair (to) disappear

hear (listen to):

I hear you (to) praise me.

let (have, make):

I let him drink.

see (see, notice, observe, watch):

I saw him drink.

 

to do tense

before: to have done

like: 

I seem to have lost a lot of weight.

I planned to have done my homework tonight, but I forgot.

same time: to be doing

like:

The wind happend to be blowing hard when I wore long johns. 

It seems to be blowing, so I wear my long johns.

passive: to be done / to have been done

A lot of long johns remain to be washed.