Hive Data Manipulation Language

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-28 23:46:49 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-28 23:46:49 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/haohaixingyun/article/details/51880524

本文档详细介绍了Hive中的数据操作语言(DML)，包括加载文件到表、从查询中插入数据、动态分区插入、将数据写入文件系统、直接插入值到表以及更新和删除操作的具体语法。

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1.Loading files into tables
LOAD DATA [LOCAL] INPATH 'filepath' [OVERWRITE] INTO TABLE tablename [PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 ...)]


2.Inserting data into Hive Tables from queries
Standard syntax:
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename1 [PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 ...) [IF NOT EXISTS]] select_statement1 FROM from_statement;
INSERT INTO TABLE tablename1 [PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 ...)] select_statement1 FROM from_statement;
INSERT INTO TABLE tablename1 [PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 ...)] (z,y) select_statement1 FROM from_statement;
 
Hive extension (multiple inserts):
FROM from_statement
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename1 [PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 ...) [IF NOT EXISTS]] select_statement1
[INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename2 [PARTITION ... [IF NOT EXISTS]] select_statement2]
[INSERT INTO TABLE tablename2 [PARTITION ...] select_statement2] ...;
FROM from_statement
INSERT INTO TABLE tablename1 [PARTITION (partcol1=val1, partcol2=val2 ...)] select_statement1
[INSERT INTO TABLE tablename2 [PARTITION ...] select_statement2]
[INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename2 [PARTITION ... [IF NOT EXISTS]] select_statement2] ...;
 
Hive extension (dynamic partition inserts):
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename PARTITION (partcol1[=val1], partcol2[=val2] ...) select_statement FROM from_statement;
INSERT INTO TABLE tablename PARTITION (partcol1[=val1], partcol2[=val2] ...) select_statement FROM from_statement;


3.Dynamic Partition Inserts
FROM page_view_stg pvs
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE page_view PARTITION(dt='2008-06-08', country)
       SELECT pvs.viewTime, pvs.userid, pvs.page_url, pvs.referrer_url, null, null, pvs.ip, pvs.cnt
	   
	   

4.Writing data into the filesystem from queries
Standard syntax:
INSERT OVERWRITE [LOCAL] DIRECTORY directory1
  [ROW FORMAT row_format] [STORED AS file_format] (Note: Only available starting with Hive 0.11.0)
  SELECT ... FROM ...
 
Hive extension (multiple inserts):
FROM from_statement
INSERT OVERWRITE [LOCAL] DIRECTORY directory1 select_statement1
[INSERT OVERWRITE [LOCAL] DIRECTORY directory2 select_statement2] ...
 
 
row_format
  : DELIMITED [FIELDS TERMINATED BY char [ESCAPED BY char]] [COLLECTION ITEMS TERMINATED BY char]
        [MAP KEYS TERMINATED BY char] [LINES TERMINATED BY char]
        [NULL DEFINED AS char] (Note: Only available starting with Hive 0.13)
		
		
5.Inserting values into tables from SQL

Standard Syntax:
INSERT INTO TABLE tablename [PARTITION (partcol1[=val1], partcol2[=val2] ...)] VALUES values_row [, values_row ...]
 
Where values_row is:
( value [, value ...] )
where a value is either null or any valid SQL literal

Example 
CREATE TABLE students (name VARCHAR(64), age INT, gpa DECIMAL(3, 2))
  CLUSTERED BY (age) INTO 2 BUCKETS STORED AS ORC;
 
INSERT INTO TABLE students
  VALUES ('fred flintstone', 35, 1.28), ('barney rubble', 32, 2.32);
 
 
CREATE TABLE pageviews (userid VARCHAR(64), link STRING, came_from STRING)
  PARTITIONED BY (datestamp STRING) CLUSTERED BY (userid) INTO 256 BUCKETS STORED AS ORC;
 
INSERT INTO TABLE pageviews PARTITION (datestamp = '2014-09-23')
  VALUES ('jsmith', 'mail.com', 'sports.com'), ('jdoe', 'mail.com', null);
 
INSERT INTO TABLE pageviews PARTITION (datestamp)
  VALUES ('tjohnson', 'sports.com', 'finance.com', '2014-09-23'), ('tlee', 'finance.com', null, '2014-09-21');
		

6.Update

Standard Syntax:
UPDATE tablename SET column = value [, column = value ...] [WHERE expression]


7.Delete

Standard Syntax:
DELETE FROM tablename [WHERE expression]

More info please refer to page : https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+DML