centos8 安装Co-Array Fortran (CAF)库opencoarrays

环境：CentOS8.1 147内核

依赖：

Before installing OpenCoarrays you will need:
(以下几个软件如没有均需安装，其命令如下)

• CMake 3.4 or newer

• Make

• GFortran 6.1 or newer

• A standard conforming C compiler, GCC 6.1 or newer is preferred, but clang
  and other alternatives should be fine too

• An MPI 3 implementation. MPICH 3.2 or newer is recommended, but others,
  such as OpenMPI, should work as well.
  sudo yum install cmake cmake-gui make
  sudo yum install gcc gcc-gfortran
  sudo yum install mpich openmpi

安装过程：

git clone https://github.com/sourceryinstitute/OpenCoarrays
cd OpenCoarrays
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
make test # optional; verify build works
sudo make install

结果：

使用：

1. 编译时使用该库：

gfortran -fcoarray=lib -L/dir_path/to/libcaf_mpi -lcaf_mpi coarry.f90
如果libcaf位于默认路径如/usr/local/lib64下，则不需要-L，只需要制定链接哪个库即可（本例中-lcaf_mpi 意味着链接libcaf_mpi.a 或libcaf_mpi.so)

2. 执行时使用该库：

尽管在编译时用 -L 指定了libcaf_mpi所在的路径，并编译成功。但是在使用
mpirun -n 6 ./a.out
时，显示找不到libcaf
此时，应当将共享库文件路径添加到 LD_LIBRARY_PATH中。

3. 执行测试

co_hello_world.f90代码如下，用到了coarray最基本的两个函数。
program hello_world
implicit none
write(,)'Hello form image ', this_image(), ‘out of ‘,&
num_images(),’ images.’
end program hello_world
执行如下语句：
mpiexec -np 6 ./a.out
mpirun -n 6 ./a.out

附件：coarrays安装说明
Developer/quickstart installation guide

This guide assumes that the reader is on a *nix operating system.

Please report any issues encountered or bugs to:

<https://github.com/sourceryinstitute/OpenCoarrays/issues>

How to build OpenCoarrays for the very impatient

git clone https://github.com/sourceryinstitute/OpenCoarrays
cd OpenCoarrays
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
make test # optional; verify build works
sudo make install

Intended audience

• GCC developers
• Package maintainers
• Experienced users who are comfortable installing software from source (with
  CMake)

A markdown document (best viewed online) with more detailed instructions is
available. It is locally available at ./INSTALL.md and viewable online at:

<https://github.com/sourceryinstitute/OpenCoarrays/blob/master/INSTALL.md>

Prerequisite software

Before installing OpenCoarrays you will need:

• CMake 3.4 or newer
• GFortran 6.1 or newer
• A standard conforming C compiler, GCC 6.1 or newer is preferred, but clang
  and other alternatives should be fine too
• An MPI 3 implementation. MPICH 3.2 or newer is recommended, but others,
  such as OpenMPI, should work as well.

CMake binary and source distributions can be obtained from:

<https://cmake.org/download/>

MPICH may be obtained from http://www.mpich.org/downloads/.

Before you start

Please ensure that your environment is configured so that:

• The MPI-3 implementation’s mpiexec and compiler wrapper scripts
  are at the front of your $PATH. (Load the MPICH environment module, if applicable, to accomplish this.)
• Your environment is setup to use the compilers you wish to build and use OpenCoarrays with. (LD_LIBRARY_PATH is set, if needed, etc.)

Also, you will need the OpenCoarrays source, which you presumably already
have if you are reading this. The latest stable OpenCoarrays release can be
obtained at:

<https://github.com/sourceryinstitute/OpenCoarrays/releases/latest>

or the latest development version may be obtained from Github, either through
the web UI or using git:

git clone https://github.com/sourceryinstitute/OpenCoarrays

Configure, build and install OpenCoarrays

OpenCoarrays does NOT allow in-source builds. Once you have obtained the
source code, you must create a build directory. This may be a subdirectory of
the top level source directory, or in a completely un-related location.

mkdir opencoarrays-build
cd opencoarrays-build

Next tell CMake which C and Fortran compilers you want to use and configure
the project with CMake. The Fortran compiler must be GFortran 6.1 or later.
The OpenCoarrays build system uses system introspection and other means to
ensure the version of the library built has interfaces matching the version
of GFortran specified at compile time. No CMake configuration options should
need tinkering with. A list of CMake variables that modify the OpenCoarrays
build will be given at the end of this document.

export FC=/path/to/gfortran  # You can use the version on your PATH
export CC=/path/to/gcc

cmake /path/to/OpenCoarrays/source \
   -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/path/to/desired/install/location

Next build the library, wrapper scripts, and test programs, optionally run
the tests and install OpenCoarrays:

make -j 8  # Parallel builds are supported
make test  # invoke ctest
make install

Configure options

The OpenCoarrays build system attempts to set the best possible default
settings for your Fortran compiler and MPI implementation through intro-
spection. However, some bugs or use cases may warrant tweaking the config-
uration. Each of the following options may be set using the -D flag to
cmake or using the CMake gui interfaces, ccmake or cmake-gui. e.g.,

cmake /path/to/source -DVAR=VALUE

Basic configure options:

CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX
Tell cmake where to install OpenCoarrays. Default=/usr/local
Example: cmake … -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/OpenCoarrays/2.2.0

CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE
Specify the build type. Default value: Release
Options to pick from are:
* Debug
* Release
* MinSizeRel
* RelWithDebInfo
* CodeCoverage
Example: cmake … -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug

CAF_ENABLE_FAILED_IMAGES
Enable failed image support. Defaults to TRUE if experimental fault
tolerance features are detected to be present in the MPI
implementation. FALSE/unavailable if the MPI installation does not support it
Example: cmake … -DCAF_ENABLE_FAILED_IMAGES=FALSE

CAF_EXPOSE_INIT_FINALIZE
Expose caf_init and caf_finalize in the OpenCoarrays extensions
module. This helps facilitate hybrid MPI-CAF programming.
Default=FALSE
Example: cmake … -DCAF_EXPOSE_INIT_FINALIZE=TRUE

CAF_RUN_DEVELOPER_TESTS
Run tests intended for developers that trigger known failures due to
bugs, regressions and other issues. Default=FALSE unless user sets
the environment variable OPENCOARRAYS_DEVELOPER=TRUE
Example: cmake … -DCAF_RUN_DEVELOPER_TESTS=TRUE

For a look at all of the possible CMake settings, many/most of which are
default CMake options, please run ccmake /path/to/source or
cmake-gui /path/to/source.