Dictionary and KeyValuePair关系

本文深入解析了C#中Dictionary的内部结构及使用方法,重点介绍了如何利用KeyValuePair来遍历Dictionary集合,展示了通过foreach语句访问键值对的具体实现。

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简单一句话: Dictionary 是 由 KeyValuePair结构 组成的集合 

The Dictionary<TKey, TValue>.Enumerator.Current property returns an instance of this type.

The foreach statement of the C# language (for each in C++, For Each in Visual Basic) requires the type of the elements in the collection. Since each element of a collection based on IDictionary<TKey, TValue> is a key/value pair, the element type is not the type of the key or the type of the value. Instead, the element type is KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>. For example:

C#
C++
VB
 
foreach( KeyValuePair<string, string> kvp in myDictionary )
{
    Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}", kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
}

The foreach statement is a wrapper around the enumerator, which allows only reading from, not writing to, the collection.

PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 1. 修复模块路径问题 PS C:\Users\Administrator> $moduleBase = "E:\PowerShellModules\PSHttpClient" PS C:\Users\Administrator> $modulePath = "$moduleBase\1.2.1" PS C:\Users\Administrator> $moduleFile = "$modulePath\PSHttpClient.psm1" PS C:\Users\Administrator> $manifestFile = "$modulePath\PSHttpClient.psd1" PS C:\Users\Administrator> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 确保目录存在 PS C:\Users\Administrator> New-Item -Path $modulePath -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null PS C:\Users\Administrator> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 2. 创建完全修复的模块文件 PS C:\Users\Administrator> @' >> function Invoke-EnhancedCurlRequest { >> [CmdletBinding()] >> param( >> [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] >> [string]$Uri, >> [ValidateSet('GET','POST','PUT','DELETE','PATCH','HEAD','OPTIONS')] >> [string]$Method = 'GET', >> [hashtable]$Headers = @{}, >> [object]$Body, >> [int]$Timeout = 30, >> [switch]$SkipCertificateCheck, >> [switch]$UseGzipCompression, >> [switch]$EnableHttp2 >> ) >> >> # 错误类型定义 >> $connectionErrors = @( >> [System.Net.Http.HttpRequestException], >> [System.Net.WebException], >> [System.Net.Sockets.SocketException] >> ) >> >> $stopwatch = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew() >> >> try { >> # 修复1:强制使用TLS 1.2 >> [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12 >> >> # 创建HttpClientHandler >> $handler = New-Object System.Net.Http.HttpClientHandler >> if ($SkipCertificateCheck) { >> $handler.ServerCertificateCustomValidationCallback = { $true } >> } >> if ($UseGzipCompression) { >> $handler.AutomaticDecompression = [System.Net.DecompressionMethods]::GZip >> } >> >> # 创建HttpClient >> $client = New-Object System.Net.Http.HttpClient($handler) >> $client.Timeout = [System.TimeSpan]::FromSeconds($Timeout) >> if ($EnableHttp2) { >> $client.DefaultRequestVersion = [System.Net.HttpVersion]::Version20 >> } >> >> # 创建请求消息 >> $request = New-Object System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage([System.Net.Http.HttpMethod]::$Method, $Uri) >> >> # 修复2:正确设置User-Agent >> if (-not $Headers.ContainsKey("User-Agent")) { >> $request.Headers.Add("User-Agent", "PowerShell-HTTP-Client/1.0") >> } >> >> # 添加自定义请求头 >> foreach ($key in $Headers.Keys) { >> $request.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation($key, $Headers[$key]) | Out-Null >> } >> >> # 处理请求体(修复3:使用兼容性更好的方式) >> if ($null -ne $Body) { >> $content = $null >> >> # 处理表单数据 - 修复类型加载问题 >> if ($Body -is [System.Collections.IDictionary]) { >> # 使用List<KeyValuePair>替代Dictionary >> $formData = [System.Collections.Generic.List[System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair[String,String]]]::new() >> foreach ($key in $Body.Keys) { >> $formData.Add([System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair[String,String]]::new($key, $Body[$key].ToString())) >> } >> $content = New-Object System.Net.Http.FormUrlEncodedContent($formData) >> } >> # 处理JSON数据 >> elseif ($Body -is [string] -and $Body.StartsWith("{") -and $Body.EndsWith("}")) { >> $content = New-Object System.Net.Http.StringContent($Body, [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8) >> $content.Headers.ContentType = [System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeHeaderValue]::Parse("application/json") >> } >> # 处理文本数据 >> elseif ($Body -is [string]) { >> $content = New-Object System.Net.Http.StringContent($Body, [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8) >> $content.Headers.ContentType = [System.Net.Http.Headers.MediaTypeHeaderValue]::Parse("text/plain") >> } >> # 处理二进制数据 >> elseif ($Body -is [byte[]]) { >> $content = New-Object System.Net.Http.ByteArrayContent($Body) >> } >> # 其他类型 >> else { >> $content = New-Object System.Net.Http.StringContent($Body.ToString(), [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8) >> } >> >> $request.Content = $content >> } >> >> # 修复4:添加详细错误处理 >> try { >> # 发送请求 >> $response = $client.SendAsync($request).GetAwaiter().GetResult() >> } >> catch [System.Net.Http.HttpRequestException] { >> # 捕获特定HTTP请求异常 >> throw New-Object System.Exception("HTTP请求失败: $($_.Exception.Message)", $_.Exception) >> } >> catch { >> # 捕获其他异常 >> throw New-Object System.Exception("请求发送失败: $($_.Exception.Message)", $_.Exception) >> } >> >> # 处理响应 >> $responseContent = $null >> if ($response.Content -ne $null) { >> $responseContent = $response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult() >> } >> >> # 返回结果对象 >> [PSCustomObject]@{ >> StatusCode = [int]$response.StatusCode >> StatusMessage = $response.ReasonPhrase >> Content = $responseContent >> Headers = $response.Headers >> Technology = "HttpClient (.NET)" >> Protocol = $response.Version.ToString() >> ElapsedMs = $stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds >> } >> } >> catch { >> $statusCode = 500 >> $errorMsg = $_.Exception.Message >> $exceptionType = $_.Exception.GetType().Name >> >> # 识别网络错误 >> foreach ($errType in $connectionErrors) { >> if ($_.Exception -is $errType -or $_.Exception.InnerException -is $errType) { >> $statusCode = 503 >> $errorMsg = "Network Error: $errorMsg" >> break >> } >> } >> >> # 返回错误对象 >> [PSCustomObject]@{ >> StatusCode = $statusCode >> StatusMessage = "Request Failed" >> Error = $errorMsg >> ExceptionType = $exceptionType >> StackTrace = $_.ScriptStackTrace >> } >> } >> finally { >> $stopwatch.Stop() >> if ($client) { $client.Dispose() } >> if ($handler) { $handler.Dispose() } >> } >> } >> >> Export-ModuleMember -Function Invoke-EnhancedCurlRequest >> '@ | Out-File $moduleFile -Encoding UTF8 -Force >> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 3. 创建模块清单 PS C:\Users\Administrator> @" >> @{ >> RootModule = 'PSHttpClient.psm1' >> ModuleVersion = '1.2.1' >> GUID = '$([guid]::NewGuid().ToString())' >> Author = 'PowerShell User' >> CompanyName = 'N/A' >> Copyright = '(c) $(Get-Date -Format yyyy). All rights reserved.' >> Description = 'Enhanced HTTP client for PowerShell' >> PowerShellVersion = '5.1' >> FunctionsToExport = @('Invoke-EnhancedCurlRequest') >> RequiredAssemblies = @('System.Net.Http') >> } >> "@ | Out-File $manifestFile -Encoding UTF8 -Force >> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 4. 配置模块路径 PS C:\Users\Administrator> $env:PSModulePath = "$moduleBase;$env:PSModulePath" PS C:\Users\Administrator> [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('PSModulePath', $env:PSModulePath, 'User') PS C:\Users\Administrator> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 5. 创建全局http函数 PS C:\Users\Administrator> function global:http { >> param( >> [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] >> [string]$Uri, >> [ValidateSet('GET','POST','PUT','DELETE','PATCH','HEAD','OPTIONS')] >> [string]$Method = 'GET', >> [object]$Body, >> [hashtable]$Headers, >> [int]$Timeout, >> [switch]$SkipCertificateCheck, >> [switch]$UseGzipCompression, >> [switch]$EnableHttp2 >> ) >> >> $params = @{ >> Uri = $Uri >> Method = $Method >> } >> >> if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('Body')) { $params['Body'] = $Body } >> if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('Headers')) { $params['Headers'] = $Headers } >> if ($PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('Timeout')) { $params['Timeout'] = $Timeout } >> if ($SkipCertificateCheck) { $params['SkipCertificateCheck'] = $true } >> if ($UseGzipCompression) { $params['UseGzipCompression'] = $true } >> if ($EnableHttp2) { $params['EnableHttp2'] = $true } >> >> Invoke-EnhancedCurlRequest @params >> } >> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 6. 导入模块(使用绝对路径) PS C:\Users\Administrator> Remove-Module PSHttpClient -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue PS C:\Users\Administrator> Import-Module $manifestFile -Force -ErrorAction Stop PS C:\Users\Administrator> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 7. 运行最终测试 PS C:\Users\Administrator> Write-Host "`n=== 最终测试 ===" -ForegroundColor Cyan === 最终测试 === PS C:\Users\Administrator> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 测试1:GET请求验证User-Agent PS C:\Users\Administrator> Write-Host "`n[测试1] GET请求 - 验证User-Agent" -ForegroundColor Yellow [测试1] GET请求 - 验证User-Agent PS C:\Users\Administrator> $getResult = http -Method GET -Uri "https://httpbin.org/user-agent" PS C:\Users\Administrator> $getResult | Format-List StatusCode, StatusMessage, Content, Technology, Protocol, ElapsedMs StatusCode : 200 StatusMessage : OK Content : { "user-agent": "PowerShell-HTTP-Client/1.0" } Technology : HttpClient (.NET) Protocol : 1.1 ElapsedMs : 1111 PS C:\Users\Administrator> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 测试2:POST表单数据 PS C:\Users\Administrator> Write-Host "`n[测试2] POST表单数据" -ForegroundColor Yellow [测试2] POST表单数据 PS C:\Users\Administrator> $formData = @{ >> username = "admin" >> password = "P@ssw0rd!" >> role = "administrator" >> } >> $postResult = http -Method POST -Uri "https://httpbin.org/post" -Body $formData >> $postResult | Format-List StatusCode, StatusMessage, Content, Technology, Protocol, ElapsedMs >> StatusCode : 500 StatusMessage : Request Failed PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 测试3:自签名证书验证 PS C:\Users\Administrator> Write-Host "`n[测试3] 自签名证书验证" -ForegroundColor Yellow [测试3] 自签名证书验证 PS C:\Users\Administrator> $sslResult = http -Method GET -Uri "https://self-signed.badssl.com" -SkipCertificateCheck PS C:\Users\Administrator> $sslResult | Format-List StatusCode, StatusMessage, Content, Technology, Protocol, ElapsedMs StatusCode : 503 StatusMessage : Request Failed PS C:\Users\Administrator> PS C:\Users\Administrator> # 验证结果 PS C:\Users\Administrator> if ($postResult.StatusCode -eq 200 -and $postResult.Content) { >> $json = $postResult.Content | ConvertFrom-Json >> Write-Hout "`n=== 表单数据验证 ===" -ForegroundColor Green >> $json.form >> } else { >> Write-Host "`nPOST请求失败!详情:" -ForegroundColor Red >> $postResult | Format-List * >> } >> POST请求失败!详情: StatusCode : 500 StatusMessage : Request Failed Error : 找不到“FormUrlEncodedContent”的重载,参数计数为:“3”。 ExceptionType : MethodException StackTrace : 在 Invoke-EnhancedCurlRequest、E:\PowerShellModules\PSHttpClient\1.2.1\PSHttpClient.psm1 中: 第 59 行 在 global:http、<无文件> 中: 第 24 行 在 <ScriptBlock>、<无文件> 中: 第 6 行 PS C:\Users\Administrator> if ($sslResult.StatusCode -eq 200) { >> Write-Host "`n自签名证书验证成功!" -ForegroundColor Green >> } else { >> Write-Host "`n自签名证书验证失败!详情:" -ForegroundColor Red >> $sslResult | Format-List * >> } >> 自签名证书验证失败!详情: StatusCode : 503 StatusMessage : Request Failed Error : Network Error: HTTP请求失败: 发送请求时出错。 ExceptionType : Exception StackTrace : 在 Invoke-EnhancedCurlRequest、E:\PowerShellModules\PSHttpClient\1.2.1\PSHttpClient.psm1 中: 第 88 行 在 global:http、<无文件> 中: 第 24 行 在 <ScriptBlock>、<无文件> 中: 第 1 行 PS C:\Users\Administrator> Write-Host "`n所有修复已完成!系统准备就绪`n" -ForegroundColor Green 所有修复已完成!系统准备就绪
最新发布
08-17
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