本文介绍了一种基于TCP协议的客户端和服务端开发方案，详细阐述了消息结构的设计原则及其实现方法，包括如何避免收发数据时的阻塞、消息的封装与解析等关键环节。同时提供了具体的代码示例，帮助读者理解整个开发流程。
1.实现功能，客户端，线程端不因收发数据阻塞
2.实现封装
一。消息结构文件
//用来存放消息结构
//传输的数据结构，最简单的数据包
//每个函数的类型必须一样，而且在客户端和服务端传输和接收顺序一致，也就是内存对齐
//long类型的在64位编译器下就是64位，而32位编译器下就是32位，
//所以需要考虑平台和系统，关注是否内存对齐
enum CMD
{
CMD_LOGIN,
CMD_LOGIN_RESULT,
CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT,
CMD_LOGOUT,
CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN,
CMD_ERROR
};
//消息结构体
struct DataHeader {
short dataLength;//数据长度
short cmd;//命令：接收的命令，服务器处理后反馈数据。
};
//定义登录的数据结构
//使用继承方式，是报文更完整，不容易出错，也不用每次单独定义dataheader
struct Login :public DataHeader {
Login()
{
dataLength = sizeof(Login);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN;
}
char userName[32];
char PassWord[32];
};
struct LoginResult :public DataHeader {
LoginResult()
{
dataLength = sizeof(LoginResult);
cmd = CMD_LOGIN_RESULT;
}
int result;
};
struct LogoutResult :public DataHeader {
LogoutResult()
{
dataLength = sizeof(LogoutResult);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT;
}
int result;
};
struct NewUserJoin :public DataHeader {
NewUserJoin()
{
dataLength = sizeof(NewUserJoin);
cmd = CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN;
sock = 0;
}
int sock;
};
struct Logout :public DataHeader {
Logout()
{
dataLength = sizeof(Logout);
cmd = CMD_LOGOUT;
}
char userName[32];
};
二.客户端文件
EasyTcpClient.hpp
/*用封装的形式，将客户端封装起来*/
//防止重编译
#ifndef _EasyTcpClient_hpp_
#define _EasyTcpClient_hpp_
//inet_addr
#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#ifdef _WIN32
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include<Windows.h>
#include<WinSock2.h>
//链接了ws2_32这个库
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#else
#include<unistad.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<string.h>
#endif // _WIN32
#include"MessageHeader.hpp"
#include<iostream>
class EasyTcpClient
{
SOCKET _sock;
public:
EasyTcpClient()
{
_sock = INVALID_SOCKET;
}
//虚析构函数
virtual ~EasyTcpClient()
{
Close();
}
//初始化Socket
int initSocket()
{
#ifdef _WIN32
//启动Win Sock 2.x环境
WORD ver = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
WSADATA dat;
WSAStartup(ver, &dat);
#endif // _WIN32
//1.建立一个Socket
//如果这个socket二次调用，有链接的话，就关闭掉连接，然后重新赋值连接
if (INVALID_SOCKET != _sock) {
printf("socket=%d关闭了旧链接\n",_sock);
Close();
}
_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (INVALID_SOCKET == _sock)
{
printf("错误，建立socket失败。。\n");
return -1;
}
else
{
printf("建立socket成功\n");
return 1;
}
}
//链接服务器
int Connect(const char *ip, unsigned short port)
{
//如果不是一个有效连接，初始化链接。防止忘记调用初始化socket
if (INVALID_SOCKET == _sock) {
initSocket();
}
//2.连接服务器
sockaddr_in _sin = {};
_sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
_sin.sin_port = htons(port);
#ifdef _WIN32
_sin.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr(ip);
#else
_sin.sin_addr.S_addr = inet_addr(ip);
#endif // _WIN32
int ret = connect(_sock, (sockaddr*)&_sin, sizeof(sockaddr_in));
if (SOCKET_ERROR == ret)
{
printf("错误，连接服务器失败。\n");
}
else
{
printf("连接服务器成功。。。\n");
}
return ret;
}
//关闭Socket
void Close()
{
//关闭Win Sock 2.x环境
//if 防止主动关闭socket后，析构再调用关闭，产生问题。INVALID_SOCKET就是关闭的socket
if (_sock != INVALID_SOCKET)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
closesocket(_sock);
WSACleanup();
#else
close(_sock);
#endif // _WIN32
_sock = INVALID_SOCKET;
}
}
//查询网络消息
bool onRun()
{
if (isRun())
{
fd_set fdReads;
FD_ZERO(&fdReads);
FD_SET(_sock, &fdReads);
timeval t = { 1,0 };
int ret = select(_sock + 1, &fdReads, 0, 0, &t);
if (ret < 0)
{
printf("<socket=%d>Select 任务结束\n", _sock);
return false;
}
if (FD_ISSET(_sock, &fdReads))
{
FD_CLR(_sock, &fdReads);
if (-1 == RecvData(_sock))
{
printf("<socket=%d>selesct任务结束\n", _sock);
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
//判断是否运行
bool isRun()
{
return _sock != INVALID_SOCKET;
}
//收数据，处理粘包，拆分包
int RecvData(SOCKET _serverSock) {
//第一次接受一个缓冲数据，设置缓冲区大小
char szRecv[1024] = {};
//5.接收客户端数据
//第一次收了header的数据包，只剩下CMD的数据长度，指针移动到数据包包体位置
int nLen = recv(_serverSock, szRecv, sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
DataHeader* header = (DataHeader*)szRecv;
if (nLen <= 0)
{
printf("与服务器断开连接。\n", _serverSock);
return -1;
}
printf("收到命令：%d ，数据长度：%d\n", header->cmd, header->dataLength);
//6.处理请求
//拆分包
//从_serverSock缓冲区,接收DataHeader后的数据，接收的数据长度为数据包-包头的长度
recv(_serverSock, szRecv + sizeof(DataHeader), header->dataLength - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
OnNetMsg(header);
return 0;
}
//响应网络消息
void OnNetMsg(DataHeader* header)
{
switch (header->cmd)
{
case CMD_LOGIN_RESULT:
{
//因为都是login，logout都是header的子类所以可以相互转化
LoginResult* login = (LoginResult*)header;
printf("收到服务器消息：CMD_LOGIN_RESULT,数据长度：%d\n", login->dataLength);
}
break;
case CMD_LOGOUT:
{
LogoutResult* logoutret = (LogoutResult*)header;
printf("收到服务端返回消息：CMD_LOGOUT_RESULT,数据长度：%d\n", logoutret->dataLength);
}
break;
case CMD_NEW_USER_JOIN:
{
NewUserJoin* newuser = (NewUserJoin*)header;
printf("新的SOCKET：%d 加入进服务器\n", newuser->sock);
}
break;
//定义默认的错误信息
}
}
//发送数据
int SendData(DataHeader* header)
{
//isRun is bool && header 是不是为空
if (isRun() && header)
{ //int _stdcall send() _stdcall意思为从右往左压入栈（0-》header->dataLength->header->_sock）
return send(_sock, (const char*)header, header->dataLength, 0);
}
return SOCKET_ERROR;
}
private:
};
#endif
client.cpp
#include "EasyTcpClient.hpp"
#include<thread>
//Thread can input the command
//windows 下可以传easytcpclient 的引用&，其他的不行。所以建议传指针
void cmdThread(EasyTcpClient* client)
{
while (true)
{
char cmdBuf[1024] = {};
std::cin >> cmdBuf;
//scanf_s("%s", cmdBuf);
if (0 == strcmp(cmdBuf, "exit"))
{
client->Close();
printf("Exit the thread\n");
break;
}
else if (0 == strcmp(cmdBuf, "login"))
{
Login login;
strcpy_s(login.userName, "李逵");
strcpy_s(login.PassWord, "110");
client->SendData(&login);
}
else if(0==strcmp(cmdBuf,"logout"))
{
Logout logout;
strcpy_s(logout.userName, "李逵");
//因为logout是继承header的结构体，所以发送header也可以发送logout
client->SendData(&logout);
}
else
{
printf("The command is not supported!\n");
}
}
}
int main()
{
//start up the thread
EasyTcpClient client;
//为什么会连接多个socket也就是多个网关
//同一个客户端宏client 4567 可能连接登录服务器
//client.initSocket(); 在连接函数中已经判断是否进行初始化
client.Connect("127.0.0.1",4567);
Login login;
strcpy_s(login.userName, "李逵");
strcpy_s(login.PassWord, "110");
//启动UI线程
std::thread t1(cmdThread, &client);
t1.detach();
while (client.isRun())
{
client.onRun();
client.SendData(&login);
Sleep(5000);
}
client.Close();
printf("已退出\n");
getchar();
return 0;
}
三.服务端
EasyTcpServer.hpp
#ifndef _EasyTcpServer_hpp_
#define _EasyTcpServer_hpp_
#ifdef _WIN32
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
//winsock2一定要在windows前，否则会有宏定义重编译问题。sock2是新库，windows是老库。
#include<WinSock2.h>
#include<Windows.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#else
#include<unistd.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<string.h>
#define SOCKET int
#define INVALID_SOCKET (SOCKET)(~0)
#define SOCKET_ERROR(-1)
#endif
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include"MessageHeader.hpp"
class EasyTcpServer
{
private:
SOCKET _sock;
std::vector<SOCKET> g_clients;
public:
EasyTcpServer() {
_sock = INVALID_SOCKET;
}
virtual ~EasyTcpServer() {
Close();
}
//Init Socket
void InitSocket()
{
#ifdef _WIN32
//startup windows socket 2.2
WORD ver = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
WSADATA dat;
WSAStartup(ver, &dat);
#endif // _WIN32
if (INVALID_SOCKET != _sock)
{
printf("<socket=%d 关闭旧连接 ...\n", _sock);
Close();
}
_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
if (INVALID_SOCKET == _sock)
{
printf("Error, startup Socket failling ...\n");
}
else
{
printf("Success! Startup Socket=<%d>...\n", _sock);
}
}
//Blanding port
//为什么用大写 bind 已经在socket库中被声明定义
void Bind(const char* ip, unsigned short port)
{
if (INVALID_SOCKET == _sock)
{
InitSocket();
}
//绑定用于连接客户端的网络端口
sockaddr_in _sin = {};
_sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
_sin.sin_port = htons(port);//忘记加htons转换port导致客户端连接不上服务器
#ifdef _WIN32
//判断IP地址是否为空
if (ip)
{
_sin.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr(ip);
}
else
{
_sin.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = INADDR_ANY;//任何ip都可以
}
#else
if (ip)
{
_sin.sin_addr.S_addr = inet_addr(ip);
}
else
{
_sin.sin_addr.S_addr = INADDR_ANY;
}
#endif // _WIN32
int ret = bind(_sock, (sockaddr*)&_sin, sizeof(_sin));
if (SOCKET_ERROR == ret)
{
printf("ERROR!Blinded port<%d> failing..\n",port);
}
else
{
printf("Success!Blinded port<%d> successful..\n",port);
}
}
/* \breif Listening port
* \param n 等待socket的连接数
*/
int Listen(int n)
{
int ret = listen(_sock, n);
if (SOCKET_ERROR == ret)
{
printf("ERROR! Listening the socket <%d> port failing.\n",(int)_sock);
}
else
{
printf("SUCCESS! Listening the socket<%d> port success.\n",(int)_sock);
}
return ret;
}
//Recieve client
SOCKET Accept()
{
sockaddr_in clientAddr = {};
int nAddrLen = sizeof(sockaddr_in);
//_cSock clientSocket
SOCKET _cSock = INVALID_SOCKET;
#ifdef _WIN32
_cSock = accept(_sock, (sockaddr*)&clientAddr, &nAddrLen);
#else
_cSock = accept(_sock, (sockaddr*)&clientAddr, (socklen_t*)&nAddrLen);
#endif
if (INVALID_SOCKET == _sock)
{
printf("ERROR！socket=<%d> Accept the invalid socket ...\n",(int)_sock);
}
else
{
NewUserJoin userJoin;
SendDataToAll(&userJoin);
g_clients.push_back(_cSock);
printf("Socket=<%d> New User in: socket=%d,IP=%s \n",_sock, (int)_cSock, inet_ntoa(clientAddr.sin_addr));
}
return _cSock;
}
//Close Socket
void Close()
{
if (_sock != INVALID_SOCKET)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
for (int n = (int)g_clients.size() - 1; n >= 0; n--)
{
//1.先关闭所有客户端的socket
closesocket(g_clients[n]);
}
//2.再关闭自己的socket
closesocket(_sock);
//windows 专用
WSACleanup();
#else
for (int n = (int)g_clients.size() - 1; n >= 0; n--)
{
closesocket(g_clients[n]);
}
closesocket(_sock);
#endif // _WIN32
}
}
//Deal msg
bool OnRun()
{
if (isRun())
{
fd_set fdRead;
fd_set fdWrite;
fd_set fdExp;
FD_ZERO(&fdRead);
FD_ZERO(&fdWrite);
FD_ZERO(&fdExp);
FD_SET(_sock, &fdRead);
FD_SET(_sock, &fdWrite);
FD_SET(_sock, &fdExp);
SOCKET maxSock = _sock;
// 记得-1 因为vector从0开始否则vector越界
for (int n = (int)g_clients.size()-1; n >=0; n--)
{
FD_SET(g_clients[n], &fdRead);
if (maxSock < g_clients[n])
{
maxSock = g_clients[n];
}
}
timeval t = { 1.0 };
int ret = select(maxSock + 1, &fdRead, &fdWrite, &fdExp, &t);
if (ret < 0)
{
printf("Select is finish... \n ");
Close();
return false;
}
//判断服务器的_sock是否在集合中，如果在就在clientsock的集合中清除_sock
if (FD_ISSET(_sock, &fdRead))
{
FD_CLR(_sock, &fdRead);
Accept();
}
for (int n = (int)g_clients.size()-1; n >= 0; n--)
{
if (FD_ISSET(g_clients[n], &fdRead))
{
if (-1 == RecvData(g_clients[n]))
{
auto iter = g_clients.begin() + n;
if (iter != g_clients.end())
{
g_clients.erase(iter);
}
}
}
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
//Is run
bool isRun()
{
return _sock != INVALID_SOCKET;
}
//Recive data ,and dealing(unpack the sticking package)
int RecvData(SOCKET _clientSock) {
char szRecv[1024] = {};
int nLen = recv(_clientSock, szRecv, sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
DataHeader* header = (DataHeader*)szRecv;
if (nLen <= 0)
{
printf("客户端<%d>已经退出，任务结束。", _clientSock);
return -1;
}
recv(_clientSock, szRecv + sizeof(DataHeader), header->dataLength - sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
printf("收到命令：%d ，数据长度：%d\n", header->cmd, header->dataLength);
OnNetMsg(_clientSock,header);
return 0;
}
//On msg
/*
为什么处理消息和接收消息要分开写，因为不同的服务端要处理不同的消息，一个可能处理注册端，
一个收款端，所以为了方便在不同的服务器上布置，就把处理消息独立成函数，并虚化。
*/
//因为服务端需要对应多个服务端，所以处理对应的客户端 需要传入对应客户端sock号
virtual void OnNetMsg(SOCKET _clientSock, DataHeader* header)
{
switch (header->cmd)
{
case CMD_LOGIN:
{
Login* login = (Login*)header;
//判断用户名和密码是否正确
std::cout << login->userName << " " << login->PassWord << std::endl;
char name[32] = "李逵";
char pw[32] = "110";
if (0 == (strcmp(name, login->userName) | strcmp(pw, login->PassWord)))
{
//这个数据包的长度为32+32+2+2=68
printf("<Socket %d>输入正确！,name is %s , password is %s ，数据长度：%d \n", _clientSock, login->userName, login->PassWord, login->dataLength);
//short 的长度为2
std::cout << "sizeof cmd " << sizeof(login->cmd) << " " << "sizeof datalength" << sizeof(login->dataLength) << std::endl;
}
else
printf("<Socket %d>重新输入密码\n", _clientSock);
LoginResult result;
//7.发送请求
//一定要先发送消息头，然后在发送消息体，这样才是一个完整的报文
//传过来的header带有cmd，根据cmd选择参数命令。所以直接返回接收的header就行
send(_clientSock, (char*)&result, sizeof(LoginResult), 0);
}
break;
case CMD_LOGOUT:
{
//(logout*)szRecv将szRecv中取出logout长度的字节数据
//Logout* logout = (Logout*)szRecv;
Logout* logout = (Logout*)header;
printf("<Socket %d>登出！,name is %s ,数据长度：%d \n", _clientSock, logout->userName, logout->dataLength);
LogoutResult result;
send(_clientSock, (char*)&result, sizeof(LogoutResult), 0);
}
break;
//定义默认的错误信息
default:
{
DataHeader header = { 0,CMD_ERROR };
send(_clientSock, (char*)&header, sizeof(DataHeader), 0);
}
break;
}
}
//Send data the one client
int SendData(SOCKET _cSock, DataHeader* header)
{
if (isRun() && header)
{
return send(_cSock, (const char*)header, header->dataLength, 0);
}
return SOCKET_ERROR;
}
//Send data to all the client
void SendDataToAll( DataHeader* header)
{
if (isRun() && header)
{
for (int n = (int)g_clients. size() - 1; n >= 0; n--)
{
SendData(g_clients[n], header);
}
}
}
private:
};
#endif // !_EasyTcpServer_hpp_
server.cpp
#include"EasyTcpServer.hpp"
int main()
{
EasyTcpServer server;
//server.InitSocket();
server.Bind(nullptr, 4567);
server.Listen(5);
while (server.isRun())
{
server.OnRun();
}
server.Close();
printf("Exited... \n");
getchar();
return 0;
}
//$(SolutionDir)../bin/$(Platform)/$(Configuration)
//$(SolutionDir)../temp/$(Platform)/$(Configuration)/$(ProjectName)
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