Ubuntu配置SSH免登录

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本文详细介绍了在Ubuntu系统中通过生成本地密钥和将公钥追加到authorized_keys文件来实现SSH免登录，从而解决启动Hadoop时报错的问题。通过执行一系列步骤，可以确保在无需输入密码的情况下顺利启动Hadoop集群。

概述

在Ubuntu中搭建Hadoop环境时，需要配置SSH免登录，否则启动hadoop会报错：

tancan@ubuntu:~$ start-dfs.sh
Starting namenodes on [ubuntu]
ubuntu: Permission denied (publickey,password).
Starting datanodes
localhost: Permission denied (publickey,password).
Starting secondary namenodes [ubuntu]
ubuntu: Permission denied (publickey,password).

方法

1.生成本机秘钥，执行ssh-keygen -t rsa -P “”命令后，反复按回车即可:

tancan@ubuntu:~/hadoop$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ""
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/tancan/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Your identification has been saved in /home/tancan/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/tancan/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:YVotNOGxPJnTz4/a6WgdT8TEOl3XqWhCepcME5vnYZo tancan@ubuntu
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|        =o.  .  o|
|       + %o   o.+|
|        /o*+o=...|
|       = B*O+.+  |
|      . SE+.oo   |
|            .o.  |
|           ..+.  |
|          .+...  |
|         .o.+    |
+----[SHA256]-----+

2.将公钥追加到 authorized_keys 文件中

tancan@ubuntu:~$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys
tancan@ubuntu:~$ sudo chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys

3.验证是否成功：


tancan@ubuntu:~$ ssh localhost
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.13.0-45-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

118 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.

Last login: Sat Jul  7 05:50:28 2018 from 192.168.0.149
tancan@ubuntu:~$