SA学习笔记 - 2009-11-08 企业架构之战略视图(1)

企业架构之战略视图（Strategic View）

Business Concept Diagram

Business Concept Diagram

The Business Concept diagram, targeted at a business audience, provides a high level representation of business processes. It is less formal and rigorous than other diagrams.

 

 

Enterprise Direction Diagram

Enterprise Direction Diagram and the Business Motivation Model (BMM)

 

Enterprise Direction Diagram

The Enterprise Direction diagram enables you to graphically model the motivation and goals of your organization, the strategies and tactics you have devised to obtain those goals, and the business rules and policies that effect your strategies and tactics. The Business Rules Group calls this their Business Rules Motivation Model -- it consists of Ends and Means .

• Ends are things the organization wishes to achieve - for example, Goals and Objectives.

• Means are things the organization will employ to achieve those Ends. For example, Mission, Strategies, and Tactics. Means includes things that guide you in developing a strategy and tactics, such as Policies and Business Rules.

 

 

Enterprise Direction Diagram

In addition to Ends and Means, the Business Rule Group's Business Rules Motivation Model also includes Influences and Assessments , which are not graphically modeled on the Enterprise Direction diagram.

• Influences shape the elements of the business plans -- such as Technology, Regulations, the Environment, and things that Competitors, Customers, Suppliers, and Partners do. Influences are not graphically modeled in the Enterprise Direction diagram.

• Assessments are made about the impacts of such Influences on Ends and Means (for example, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats). Assessments are not graphically modeled in the Enterprise Direction diagram.

The Enterprise Direction diagram enables you to help answer two fundamental questions:

1. What is needed to achieve what your organization wishes to achieve? To help answer this question, you graphically lay out the Means necessary to achieve the desired Ends .

2. Why does each element of the business plan exist? To help answer this question, you graphically lay out the particular Ends that each of the Means serves.

Enterprise Direction Diagram

Vision

According to the Business Rules Group, a Vision is a statement about the future state of the organization, without regard to how it is to be achieved. It is the ultimate, possibly unattainable, state that the organization would like to achieve.

A Vision is often compound, rather than focused toward one particular aspect of the business problem. A vision is amplified by goals .

 

 

 

Enterprise Direction Diagram

Goal

According to the Business Rules Group, a Goal is a statement about a state or condition of the organization to be brought about or sustained through appropriate Means.

• Goals Amplify the Vision: A Goal amplifies a Vision - it indicates what must be satisfied on a continuing basis to effectively attain the Vision. A Goal should generally be attainable and should be more specifically oriented to a single aspect of the business problem than a Vision. A Goal should be narrow in focus; enough that it can be quantified by Objectives.

• Goals Are Quantified by Objectives: Compared to an Objective, a Goal tends to be longer term, qualitative (rather than quantitative), general (rather than specific), and ongoing.

• Goals Are Supported By Strategies

Enterprise Direction Diagram

Objective

According to the Business Rules Group, an Objective is a statement of an attainable, time-targeted, and measurable target that the organization wishes to meet in order to achieve its Goals. An Objective must be Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-Based.

• Objectives Quantify Goals: Objectives provide the basis for measures to determine whether a Goal is being achieved. Objectives differ from Goals in that Objectives should always be time-targeted and measurable. Compared to a Goal, an Objective tends to be short term, quantitative (rather than qualitative), specific (rather than general), and not continuing beyond its timeframe (which may be cyclical).

• Objectives Are Achieved By Tactics

Enterprise Direction Diagram

Mission

According to the Business Rules Group, a Mission indicates the ongoing operational activity of the enterprise. The Mission describes what the business is or will be doing on a day-to-day basis. The Mission statement should be focused on day-to-day operations, generic enough to cover all Strategies, and broad enough to cover the complete area of operations.

• A Mission makes a Vision operative - it specifies the ongoing activity that makes the Vision a reality.

• A Mission is planned by means of Strategies .

Enterprise Direction Diagram

Strategy

According to the Business Rules Group, a Strategy is one component of the plan for the Mission. A Strategy represents the essential Course of Action to achieve Goals -- the right approach that the organization should take to achieve its Goals, given the environmental constraints and risks the organization faces.

 

 

Enterprise Direction Diagram

Tactic

A Tactic implements a Strategy. For example, the Tactic: "Provide on-going professional training" implements the Strategy: "Retain Quality Employees."

• Tactics are formulated to achieve Objectives.

Enterprise Direction Diagram

Policy

A Business Policy is a statement (or set of statements) whose purpose is to guide the enterprise. Business Policies provide the basis for Business Rules. Compared to a Business Rule, a Business Policy is less structured and is more general. It isn't focused on a single aspect of guidance. A Business Policy is formulated by a person or group in the organization that is authorized to manage, control, or regulate the enterprise.

 

 

Enterprise Direction Diagram

Business Rule

According to the Business Rules Group, a Business Rule is a directive, intended to influence or guide business behavior, in support of Business Policy that has been formulated in response to an Opportunity, Threat, Strength, or Weakness. A Business Rule is a single Element of Guidance that does not require additional interpretation to undertake Strategies or Tactics.