c++ is on the way 7:显式构造函数

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博客内容已迁移至【C++学习】显式构造函数相关内容，涉及C++显式构造函数的学习。
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函数定义：由函数头和函数体组成。例如：函数头包括返回类型（int）、函数名（add）和参数列表（），函数体是实现具体功能的代码块。2.函数声明：告诉编译器函数的名称、返回类型和参数列表，以便在使用函数之前进行检查。函数声明通常放在头文件中，函数定义放在源文件中。类是一种用户自定义的数据类型，它封装了数据成员和成员函数。intheight;public:private关键字修饰的数据成员和成员函数只能在类内部访问，public。
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构造函数 作用： 构造函数的工作是保证每个对象的数据成员具有合适的初始值 创建一个类类型的对象时，编译器会自动使用一个构造函数来初始化该对象。 形式：构造函数是一个特殊的、与类同名的成员函数，用于给每个数据成员设置适当的初始值。 特点： 构造函数是特殊的成员函数，只要创建类类型的新对象，都要执行构造函数。 构造函数自动执行，只要创建该类型的一个对象，编译器就运行一个构造函数。 构造函数不能声明为 const 构造函数可以被重载。 如何定义构造函数 构造函数的名字与类的名字相同，并且不能
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ES.48: Avoid casts ES.48:避免使用类型转换 Reason（原因） Casts are a well-known source of errors. Make some optimizations unreliable. 类型转换是众所周知的错误来源之一。让某些优化处理无法可靠进行。 Example, bad（反面示例） double d = 2; auto p = (long*)&d; auto q = (long long*)&d; cou..
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integer. 5. How can you use the bitwise AND operator (&) to check if a number is even or odd?
Explain the logic. 6. What is the difference between the logical AND (&&) and the bitwise AND (&)? Provide an example scenario for each. 7. Explain the purpose of the ~ (bitwise NOT) operator. What is the result of applying it to a mask, and how can this be useful? 1. What is the primary goal of program debugging? What types of errors can it help identify? 2. Describe the difference between Step Over (F10) and Step Into (F11) debugging commands. When would you choose one over the other? 3. What is the purpose of a breakpoint in planned debugging? How do you set and remove a breakpoint in Visual Studio? 4. Explain the utility of the "Watch" window compared to the "Autos" or "Locals" windows during a debugging session. 5. What is the key difference between the Debug and Release configurations when building a project? Why is it necessary to create a Release version after successful debugging? 6. List at least three types of files commonly found in a project's Debug folder and briefly state their purpose (e.g., *.pdb). 7. During debugging, you notice a variable has an incorrect value. How can you change its value during runtime to test a hypothesis without modifying the source code? 8. What command is used to exit the debug mode and stop the current debugging session? 1. What is an array in C++? List its three main characteristics. 2. How are array elements numbered in C++? What is the valid index range for an array declared as int data[25];? 3. Explain the difference between array declaration and initialization. Provide an example of each. 4. What is an initializer list? What happens if the initializer list is shorter than the array size? 5. How can you let the compiler automatically determine the size of an array during initialization? 6. What values do elements of a local array contain if it is declared but not explicitly initialized? How does this differ from a global array? 7. What is an array out-of-bounds error? Why is it dangerous, and what are its potential consequences? 8. How do you calculate the number of elements in an array using the sizeof operator?
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operator (arrayB = arrayA;)? What is the correct way to perform this operation? 10. Why does comparing two arrays using the equality operator (arrayA == arrayB) not check if their elements are equal? How should array comparison be done correctly? 11. What does the name of an array represent in terms of memory? 1. What is a pointer in C++ and what are its two main attributes? 2. Explain the difference between the & and * operators when working with pointers. 3. Why is pointer initialization critical and what dangers do uninitialized pointers pose? 4. What is the fundamental relationship between arrays and pointers in C++? 5. How does pointer arithmetic work and why does ptr + 1 advance by the size of the pointed type rather than 1 byte? 6. What is the difference between an array name and a pointer variable? Why can't you increment an array name? 7. What are the differences between const int*, int* const, and const int* const? 8. How can you safely iterate through an array using pointers, and what are the boundary risks? 9. What is a null pointer and why should you check for nullptr before dereferencing? 10. How do you access array elements using pointer syntax, and how does the compiler translate arr[i] internally? 1. What is a multidimensional array? How is a two-dimensional array structured in memory? 2. Explain the concept of an "array of arrays". How does this relate to the declaration int arr/ROWS//COLS;? 3. The name of a two-dimensional array without indices is a pointer constant. What does this pointer point to? What do the expressions *(A + i) and *(*(A + i) +j) mean for a two-dimensional array A? 4. Describe the different ways to access the element A/1/[2/ of a two-dimensional array
using pointers. 5. What is the rule for omitting the size of dimensions when initializing and when passing a multidimensional array to a function? Why is it allowed to omit only the first dimension? 6. Explain the principle of "row-major order" for storing two-dimensional arrays in memory.
How does this affect element access? 7. Why are nested loops the standard tool for processing multidimensional arrays?
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