logback.xml 配置总结

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翻译最新推荐文章于 2026-09-22 14:02:23 发布 1.6k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

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以下是我们在日常开发中使用的logback.xml文件配置，整理出来分享给大家。

输出日志到控制台

以下配置将使所有的项目日志输出到控制台：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>

    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">
            <Pattern>
                %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n
            </Pattern>
        </layout>
    </appender>

    <logger name="com.mkyong.web" level="debug"
        additivity="false">
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
    </logger>

    <root level="error">
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
    </root>

</configuration>

输出日志到文件

以下配置会将日志输出到c:/logs/debug.log文件里，此外，日志文件每天或大于10M时会被存档：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>

    <property name="DEV_HOME" value="c:/logs" />

    <appender name="FILE-AUDIT"
        class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>${DEV_HOME}/debug.log</file>
        <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
            <Pattern>
                %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} - %msg%n
            </Pattern>
        </encoder>

        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <!-- rollover daily -->
            <fileNamePattern>${DEV_HOME}/archived/debug.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log
                        </fileNamePattern>
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy
                class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>10MB</maxFileSize>
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
        </rollingPolicy>

    </appender>

    <logger name="com.mkyong.web" level="debug"
        additivity="false">
        <appender-ref ref="FILE-AUDIT" />
    </logger>

    <root level="error">
        <appender-ref ref="FILE-AUDIT" />
    </root>

</configuration>

输出日志到控制台和文件

以下示例会将日志信息输出到控制台和文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>

    <property name="DEV_HOME" value="c:/logs" />

    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">
            <Pattern>
                %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n
            </Pattern>
        </layout>
    </appender>

    <appender name="FILE-AUDIT"
        class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>${DEV_HOME}/debug.log</file>
        <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
            <Pattern>
                %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} - %msg%n
            </Pattern>
        </encoder>

        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <!-- rollover daily -->
            <fileNamePattern>${DEV_HOME}/archived/debug.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log
                        </fileNamePattern>
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy
                class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>10MB</maxFileSize>
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
        </rollingPolicy>

    </appender>

    <appender name="FILE-ERROR"
        class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>${DEV_HOME}/error.log</file>
        <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
            <Pattern>
                %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} - %msg%n
            </Pattern>
        </encoder>

        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <!-- rollover daily -->
            <fileNamePattern>${DEV_HOME}/archived/error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log
                        </fileNamePattern>
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy
                class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
                <maxFileSize>10MB</maxFileSize>
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
        </rollingPolicy>

    </appender>

    <!-- Send logs to both console and file audit -->
    <logger name="com.mkyong.web" level="debug"
        additivity="false">
        <appender-ref ref="FILE-AUDIT" />
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
    </logger>

    <root level="error">
        <appender-ref ref="FILE-ERROR" />
    </root>

</configuration>

参考资料：http://logback.qos.ch/manual/appenders.html

SiftingAppender示例

以下配置会将日志输出到分散的文件里，文件名称在运行时通过MDC方式生成：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>

    <property name="DEV_HOME" value="c:/logs" />

    <appender name="FILE-THREAD" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.sift.SiftingAppender">

          <discriminator>
        <key>logFileName</key>
        <defaultValue>head0</defaultValue>
      </discriminator>

      <sift>

        <appender name="FILE-${logFileName}"
            class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
            <file>${DEV_HOME}/${logFileName}.log</file>

            <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
                <Pattern>
                    %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %level %logger{35} - %msg%n
                </Pattern>
            </encoder>

            <rollingPolicy
                class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.FixedWindowRollingPolicy">
                <FileNamePattern>${DEV_HOME}/${logFileName}.%i.log.zip
                </FileNamePattern>
                <MinIndex>1</MinIndex>
                <MaxIndex>10</MaxIndex>
            </rollingPolicy>

            <triggeringPolicy
                class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
                <MaxFileSize>10MB</MaxFileSize>
            </triggeringPolicy>

        </appender>

      </sift>
    </appender>

    <logger name="com.mkyong.web" level="debug"
        additivity="false">
        <appender-ref ref="FILE-THREAD" />
    </logger>

    <root level="error">
        <appender-ref ref="FILE-THREAD" />
    </root>

</configuration>

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.slf4j.MDC;

//...
public void run() {

    MDC.put('logFileName', "head1");

    logger.debug("hello");

    MDC.remove('logFileName');

}

参考资料：Logback SiftingAppender 示例

编程设置文件名称

可以通过System.setProperty方法设置log.name属性，来编程设置文件名称，代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>

    <property name="USER_HOME" value="/home/mkyong/ant/logs" />

    <appender name="FILE-ENGINE-ERROR" class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
        <file>${USER_HOME}/${log.name}.error</file>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

    <appender name="FILE-ENGINE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.FileAppender">
        <file>${USER_HOME}/${log.name}.log</file>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

    <logger name="com.mkyong.core" level="debug" additivity="false">
        <appender-ref ref="FILE-ENGINE" />
    </logger>

    <root level="error">
        <appender-ref ref="FILE-ENGINE-ERROR" />
    </root>

</configuration>

TestRunApp.java：

package com.mkyong.core;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class TestRunApp {

    //No static, else log.name.IS_UNDEFINED.log
    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestRunApp.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //Set this before the logger start.
        System.setProperty("log.name", "abcdefg");

        TestRunApp obj = new TestRunApp();
        obj.start();

    }

    private void start() {

        logger.debug("------ Starting Ant------");
        //...
    }
}

结果如下：

Debug log file path
/home/mkyong/ant/logs/abcdefg.log

Error log file path
/home/mkyong/ant/logs/abcdefg.error

参考链接：Logback – 以编程方式设置文件名称

结语

Mkyong.com是一个不错的网站，我关注它几年了，作者是一个开发者，该网站主要面向Java开发者，所有示例简单易懂，并且很容易在开发环境测试。

编译自：logback.xml Example

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