Google API PHP 客户端升级指南与技术解析

Google API PHP 客户端升级指南与技术解析

google-api-php-client google-api-php-client 项目地址: https://gitcode.com/gh_mirrors/goog/google-api-php-client

前言

Google API PHP 客户端库是开发者访问Google服务的核心工具。随着版本迭代,2.x系列带来了许多重要改进。本文将从技术角度深入解析从1.0到2.10.0版本的升级要点,帮助开发者顺利完成迁移。

核心升级变化

命名空间标准化(2.x到2.10.0)

从2.x版本开始,库全面采用PSR-4标准的命名空间规范。虽然旧式类名仍可工作,但建议尽快迁移:

// 旧版写法(已过时)
$client = new Google_Client();

// 新版推荐写法
$client = new Google\Client();

技术意义

  • 符合现代PHP开发规范
  • 避免类名冲突
  • 为未来扩展奠定基础

服务类构造函数优化

服务类构造函数现在更灵活,支持直接传入配置数组:

// 新版简化写法
$service = new Google\Service\Books([
    'application_name' => "示例应用",
    'developer_key'    => "您的API密钥"
]);

优势

  • 减少样板代码
  • 提升可读性
  • 支持更灵活的配置方式

从1.0到2.0的重大变更

依赖管理革命

旧版问题

  • 手动包含文件
  • 依赖管理混乱

新版方案: 采用Composer作为标准依赖管理工具,在项目根目录执行:

composer require google/apiclient:~2.0

技术价值

  • 自动解决依赖关系
  • 版本控制更精确
  • 符合PHP生态系统标准

访问令牌格式变更

令牌存储格式从JSON字符串改为PHP数组:

// 新版返回数组
$accessToken = $client->getAccessToken();
file_put_contents('token.json', json_encode($accessToken));

注意事项

  • 存储时需手动json_encode
  • 读取时需json_decode
  • 确保向后兼容性

服务账户认证现代化

废弃内容

  • Google_Auth_AssertionCredentials
  • P12密钥格式(改用JSON)

新版方案

// 方式1:直接配置
$client->setAuthConfig('/path/to/service-account.json');

// 方式2:环境变量(推荐)
putenv('GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=/path/to/service-account.json');
$client->useApplicationDefaultCredentials();

安全建议

  • 优先使用JSON凭证
  • 敏感信息不硬编码
  • 利用环境变量管理凭证

HTTP层重构

Guzzle集成

库内部全面采用Guzzle HTTP客户端:

// 获取已授权的HTTP客户端
$httpClient = $client->authorize();

// 发送PSR-7兼容请求
$response = $httpClient->send($request);

技术优势

  • 支持PSR-7标准
  • 更好的性能
  • 更丰富的HTTP功能

认证体系重构

旧版认证类已整合到Client中:

// 旧版
$client->getAuth()->refreshToken($token);

// 新版
$client->refreshToken($token);

架构意义

  • 简化API设计
  • 减少冗余代码
  • 统一认证流程

开发环境要求

PHP版本要求

  • 最低PHP版本从5.2提升到5.6
  • 建议使用PHP 7.0+以获得更好性能

影响评估

  • 检查现有环境兼容性
  • 评估升级成本
  • 考虑使用Docker等容器技术

日志与缓存改进

PSR-3日志标准

// 使用Monolog等PSR-3兼容日志器
$logger = new Monolog\Logger('name');
$client->setLogger($logger);

PSR-6缓存标准

缓存系统全面支持PSR-6,提供:

  • 更一致的缓存接口
  • 更好的扩展性
  • 多种缓存驱动支持

升级策略建议

  1. 环境准备

    • 确保PHP版本≥5.6
    • 安装Composer
    • 备份现有代码
  2. 逐步迁移

    • 先升级依赖管理方式
    • 逐步替换过时代码
    • 分模块测试
  3. 测试重点

    • 认证流程
    • API调用
    • 错误处理
  4. 性能优化

    • 利用新版缓存机制
    • 优化HTTP连接
    • 监控资源使用

常见问题解决方案

Q:如何处理旧版P12密钥? A:在Google Cloud控制台生成新的JSON密钥,替换原有P12文件。

Q:升级后性能下降怎么办? A:检查Guzzle配置,适当调整HTTP连接池大小和超时设置。

Q:如何保持向后兼容? A:可以创建适配器层,逐步替换旧代码,而非一次性重写。

结语

Google API PHP客户端的这些升级带来了更现代、更规范的开发体验。虽然迁移需要一定工作量,但长远来看将显著提升代码质量和可维护性。建议开发者根据项目实际情况制定合理的升级计划,充分利用新版本提供的各项改进。

google-api-php-client google-api-php-client 项目地址: https://gitcode.com/gh_mirrors/goog/google-api-php-client

创作声明:本文部分内容由AI辅助生成(AIGC),仅供参考

[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/google/google-api-php-client.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/google/google-api-php-client) # Google APIs Client Library for PHP # The Google API Client Library enables you to work with Google APIs such as Google+, Drive, or YouTube on your server. These client libraries are officially supported by Google. However, the libraries are considered complete and are in maintenance mode. This means that we will address critical bugs and security issues but will not add any new features. ## Google Cloud Platform For Google Cloud Platform APIs such as Datastore, Cloud Storage or Pub/Sub, we recommend using [GoogleCloudPlatform/google-cloud-php](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/google-cloud-php) which is under active development. ## Requirements ## * [PHP 5.4.0 or higher](http://www.php.net/) ## Developer Documentation ## http://developers.google.com/api-client-library/php ## Installation ## You can use **Composer** or simply **Download the Release** ### Composer The preferred method is via [composer](https://getcomposer.org). Follow the [installation instructions](https://getcomposer.org/doc/00-intro.md) if you do not already have composer installed. Once composer is installed, execute the following command in your project root to install this library: ```sh composer require google/apiclient:"^2.0" ``` Finally, be sure to include the autoloader: ```php require_once '/path/to/your-project/vendor/autoload.php'; ``` ### Download the Release If you abhor using composer, you can download the package in its entirety. The [Releases](https://github.com/google/google-api-php-client/releases) page lists all stable versions. Download any file with the name `google-api-php-client-[RELEASE_NAME].zip` for a package including this library and its dependencies. Uncompress the zip file you download, and include the autoloader in your project: ```php require_once '/path/to/google-api-php-client/vendor/autoload.php'; ``` For additional installation and setup instructions, see [the documentation](https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/php/start/installation). ## Examples ## See the [`examples/`](examples) directory for examples of the key client features. You can view them in your browser by running the php built-in web server. ``` $ php -S localhost:8000 -t examples/ ``` And then browsing to the host and port you specified (in the above example, `http://localhost:8000`). ### Basic Example ### ```php // include your composer dependencies require_once 'vendor/autoload.php'; $client = new Google_Client(); $client->setApplicationName("Client_Library_Examples"); $client->setDeveloperKey("YOUR_APP_KEY"); $service = new Google_Service_Books($client); $optParams = array('filter' => 'free-ebooks'); $results = $service->volumes->listVolumes('Henry David Thoreau', $optParams); foreach ($results as $item) { echo $item['volumeInfo']['title'], "<br /> \n"; } ``` ### Authentication with OAuth ### > An example of this can be seen in [`examples/simple-file-upload.php`](examples/simple-file-upload.php). 1. Follow the instructions to [Create Web Application Credentials](https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/php/auth/web-app#creatingcred) 1. Download the JSON credentials 1. Set the path to these credentials using `Google_Client::setAuthConfig`: ```php $client = new Google_Client(); $client->setAuthConfig('/path/to/client_credentials.json'); ``` 1. Set the scopes required for the API you are going to call ```php $client->addScope(Google_Service_Drive::DRIVE); ``` 1. Set your application's redirect URI ```php // Your redirect URI can be any registered URI, but in this example // we redirect back to this same page $redirect_uri = 'http://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; $client->setRedirectUri($redirect_uri); ``` 1. In the script handling the redirect URI, exchange the authorization code for an access token: ```php if (isset($_GET['code'])) { $token = $client->fetchAccessTokenWithAuthCode($_GET['code']); } ``` ### Authentication with Service Accounts ### > An example of this can be seen in [`examples/service-account.php`](examples/service-account.php). Some APIs (such as the [YouTube Data API](https://developers.google.com/youtube/v3/)) do not support service accounts. Check with the specific API documentation if API calls return unexpected 401 or 403 errors. 1. Follow the instructions to [Create a Service Account](https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/php/auth/service-accounts#creatinganaccount) 1. Download the JSON credentials 1. Set the path to these credentials using the `GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS` environment variable: ```php putenv('GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=/path/to/service-account.json'); ``` 1. Tell the Google client to use your service account credentials to authenticate: ```php $client = new Google_Client(); $client->useApplicationDefaultCredentials(); ``` 1. Set the scopes required for the API you are going to call ```php $client->addScope(Google_Service_Drive::DRIVE); ``` 1. If you have delegated domain-wide access to the service account and you want to impersonate a user account, specify the email address of the user account using the method setSubject: ```php $client->setSubject($user_to_impersonate); ``` ### Making Requests ### The classes used to call the API in [google-api-php-client-services](https://github.com/Google/google-api-php-client-services) are autogenerated. They map directly to the JSON requests and responses found in the [APIs Explorer](https://developers.google.com/apis-explorer/#p/). A JSON request to the [Datastore API](https://developers.google.com/apis-explorer/#p/datastore/v1beta3/datastore.projects.runQuery) would look like this: ```json POST https://datastore.googleapis.com/v1beta3/projects/YOUR_PROJECT_ID:runQuery?key=YOUR_API_KEY { "query": { "kind": [{ "name": "Book" }], "order": [{ "property": { "name": "title" }, "direction": "descending" }], "limit": 10 } } ``` Using this library, the same call would look something like this: ```php // create the datastore service class $datastore = new Google_Service_Datastore($client); // build the query - this maps directly to the JSON $query = new Google_Service_Datastore_Query([ 'kind' => [ [ 'name' => 'Book', ], ], 'order' => [ 'property' => [ 'name' => 'title', ], 'direction' => 'descending', ], 'limit' => 10, ]); // build the request and response $request = new Google_Service_Datastore_RunQueryRequest(['query' => $query]); $response = $datastore->projects->runQuery('YOUR_DATASET_ID', $request); ``` However, as each property of the JSON API has a corresponding generated class, the above code could also be written like this: ```php // create the datastore service class $datastore = new Google_Service_Datastore($client); // build the query $request = new Google_Service_Datastore_RunQueryRequest(); $query = new Google_Service_Datastore_Query(); // - set the order $order = new Google_Service_Datastore_PropertyOrder(); $order->setDirection('descending'); $property = new Google_Service_Datastore_PropertyReference(); $property->setName('title'); $order->setProperty($property); $query->setOrder([$order]); // - set the kinds $kind = new Google_Service_Datastore_Kind[removed]); $kind->setName('Book'); $query->setKinds([$kind]); // - set the limit $query->setLimit(10); // add the query to the request and make the request $request->setQuery($query); $response = $datastore->projects->runQuery('YOUR_DATASET_ID', $request); ``` The method used is a matter of preference, but *it will be very difficult to use this library without first understanding the JSON syntax for the API*, so it is recommended to look at the [APIs Explorer](https://developers.google.com/apis-explorer/#p/) before using any of the services here. ### Making HTTP Requests Directly ### If Google Authentication is desired for external applications, or a Google API is not available yet in this library, HTTP requests can be made directly. The `authorize` method returns an authorized [Guzzle Client](http://docs.guzzlephp.org/), so any request made using the client will contain the corresponding authorization. ```php // create the Google client $client = new Google_Client(); /** * Set your method for authentication. Depending on the API, This could be * directly with an access token, API key, or (recommended) using * Application Default Credentials. */ $client->useApplicationDefaultCredentials(); $client->addScope(Google_Service_Plus::PLUS_ME); // returns a Guzzle HTTP Client $httpClient = $client->authorize(); // make an HTTP request $response = $httpClient->get('https://www.googleapis.com/plus/v1/people/me'); ``` ### Caching ### It is recommended to use another caching library to improve performance. This can be done by passing a [PSR-6](http://www.php-fig.org/psr/psr-6/) compatible library to the client: ```php use League\Flysystem\Adapter\Local; use League\Flysystem\Filesystem; use Cache\Adapter\Filesystem\FilesystemCachePool; $filesystemAdapter = new Local(__DIR__.'/'); $filesystem = new Filesystem($filesystemAdapter); $cache = new FilesystemCachePool($filesystem); $client->setCache($cache); ``` In this example we use [PHP Cache](http://www.php-cache.com/). Add this to your project with composer: ``` composer require cache/filesystem-adapter ``` ### Updating Tokens ### When using [Refresh Tokens](https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/OAuth2InstalledApp#refresh) or [Service Account Credentials](https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/OAuth2ServiceAccount#overview), it may be useful to perform some action when a new access token is granted. To do this, pass a callable to the `setTokenCallback` method on the client: ```php $logger = new Monolog\Logger; $tokenCallback = function ($cacheKey, $accessToken) use ($logger) { $logger->debug(sprintf('new access token received at cache key %s', $cacheKey)); }; $client->setTokenCallback($tokenCallback); ``` ### Debugging Your HTTP Request using Charles ### It is often very useful to debug your API calls by viewing the raw HTTP request. This library supports the use of [Charles Web Proxy](https://www.charlesproxy.com/documentation/getting-started/). Download and run Charles, and then capture all HTTP traffic through Charles with the following code: ```php // FOR DEBUGGING ONLY $httpClient = new GuzzleHttp\Client([ 'proxy' => 'localhost:8888', // by default, Charles runs on localhost port 8888 'verify' => false, // otherwise HTTPS requests will fail. ]); $client = new Google_Client(); $client->setHttpClient($httpClient); ``` Now all calls made by this library will appear in the Charles UI. One additional step is required in Charles to view SSL requests. Go to **Charles > Proxy > SSL Proxying Settings** and add the domain you'd like captured. In the case of the Google APIs, this is usually `*.googleapis.com`. ### Service Specific Examples ### YouTube: https://github.com/youtube/api-samples/tree/master/php ## How Do I Contribute? ## Please see the [contributing](CONTRIBUTING.md) page for more information. In particular, we love pull requests - but please make sure to sign the [contributor license agreement](https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/php/contribute). ## Frequently Asked Questions ## ### What do I do if something isn't working? ### For support with the library the best place to ask is via the google-api-php-client tag on StackOverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/google-api-php-client If there is a specific bug with the library, please [file a issue](https://github.com/google/google-api-php-client/issues) in the Github issues tracker, including an example of the failing code and any specific errors retrieved. Feature requests can also be filed, as long as they are core library requests, and not-API specific: for those, refer to the documentation for the individual APIs for the best place to file requests. Please try to provide a clear statement of the problem that the feature would address. ### I want an example of X! ### If X is a feature of the library, file away! If X is an example of using a specific service, the best place to go is to the teams for those specific APIs - our preference is to link to their examples rather than add them to the library, as they can then pin to specific versions of the library. If you have any examples for other APIs, let us know and we will happily add a link to the README above! ### Why do you still support 5.2? ### When we started working on the 1.0.0 branch we knew there were several fundamental issues to fix with the 0.6 releases of the library. At that time we looked at the usage of the library, and other related projects, and determined that there was still a large and active base of PHP 5.2 installs. You can see this in statistics such as the PHP versions chart in the WordPress stats: http://wordpress.org/about/stats/. We will keep looking at the types of usage we see, and try to take advantage of newer PHP features where possible. ### Why does Google_..._Service have weird names? ### The _Service classes are generally automatically generated from the API discovery documents: https://developers.google.com/discovery/. Sometimes new features are added to APIs with unusual names, which can cause some unexpected or non-standard style naming in the PHP classes. ### How do I deal with non-JSON response types? ### Some services return XML or similar by default, rather than JSON, which is what the library supports. You can request a JSON response by adding an 'alt' argument to optional params that is normally the last argument to a method call: ``` $opt_params = array( 'alt' => "json" ); ``` ### How do I set a field to null? ### The library strips out nulls from the objects sent to the Google APIs as its the default value of all of the uninitialized properties. To work around this, set the field you want to null to `Google_Model::NULL_VALUE`. This is a placeholder that will be replaced with a true null when sent over the wire. ## Code Quality ## Run the PHPUnit tests with PHPUnit. You can configure an API key and token in BaseTest.php to run all calls, but this will require some setup on the Google Developer Console. phpunit tests/ ### Coding Style To check for coding style violations, run ``` vendor/bin/phpcs src --standard=style/ruleset.xml -np ``` To automatically fix (fixable) coding style violations, run ``` vendor/bin/phpcbf src --standard=style/ruleset.xml ```
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