第六篇文章

二、写作支撑：课题选择、变量选择的文献依据

1. 课题选择的文献支撑（Why This Topic）

你的研究若聚焦 “创业类型差异（OME/NME）的驱动机制”，可直接引用该文献论证课题的理论必要性与现实价值：

（1）理论必要性：填补 “创业动机 - 成功” 的机制缺口

文献明确指出，现有研究多假设 “OME 比 NME 更成功”，但未回答 “为何 OME 更成功” 的核心问题 —— 即缺乏对中间机制（如心理资本）的探讨，而这一缺口导致理论对创业行为的解释力不足（）。写作引用参考（英文）：“Ephrem et al. (2021) highlight a critical theoretical gap in entrepreneurial research: while prior studies widely assume opportunity-motivated entrepreneurship (OME) outperforms necessity-motivated entrepreneurship (NME), they fail to identify the intermediate mechanism linking motivation to success. This ambiguity limits the explanatory power of entrepreneurial motivation theory, especially in developing country contexts where informal entrepreneurship dominates (Ephrem et al., 2021, p. 5). To address this gap, the current study focuses on the heterogeneous effects of internal/external perceptions on OME and NME, aiming to unpack the contextual conditions that shape entrepreneurial behavior differences—aligning with Ephrem et al.’s (2021) call for more research on ‘why OME succeeds’.”

（2）现实价值：发展中国家创业情境的稀缺实证

文献以 DRC 为案例，强调发展中国家（尤其是创业环境恶劣的国家）青年创业的驱动机制缺乏实证，而这类研究对政策制定（如降低青年失业率）至关重要（、）。写作引用参考（英文）：“As Ephrem et al. (2021) note, countries with underdeveloped entrepreneurial ecosystems (e.g., the DRC, ranked 183rd in the 2020 Ease of Doing Business Index) face severe youth unemployment, yet the drivers of youth entrepreneurial success remain understudied. This study focuses on [你的研究情境，如 “developing Asian countries”] to fill this empirical void—similar to Ephrem et al. (2021), we aim to provide evidence-based insights for policies targeting youth entrepreneurship, as successful youth ventures are critical to reducing unemployment and promoting inclusive growth (Ephrem et al., 2021, p. 3).”

2. 自变量选择的文献支撑（Why These Independent Variables）

若你的自变量为 “内部感知（对应文献的心理资本前因）” 与 “外部感知（对应文献的创业环境认知）”，可结合该文献的理论逻辑与变量操作化依据：

（1）内部感知（Cognitive and Personal Characteristics）的选择依据

文献将 “创业动机” 与 “心理资本” 视为 “个体层面的核心前因”，指出个体对自身能力、目标的主观认知（如自我效能、希望）是驱动创业行为的基础 —— 这与你的 “内部感知” 内涵高度契合（、）。写作引用参考（英文）：“Following Ephrem et al. (2021), this study operationalizes ‘internal perception’ as the individual’s subjective cognition of entrepreneurial capabilities and goals—consistent with their definition of psychological capital (PsyCap) as a state of mind including self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience. Ephrem et al. (2021) emphasize that such internal cognitive factors are ‘valuable and non-substitutable strategic resources’ for entrepreneurship, as they shape how individuals identify and exploit opportunities (Ephrem et al., 2021, p. 6). Our internal perception variable thus builds on this logic, capturing the cognitive foundation of entrepreneurial behavior.”

（2）外部感知（Environmental Perceptions）的选择依据

文献虽未直接使用 “外部感知” 术语，但在研究背景中强调 “创业环境恶劣（如 DRC 的低营商便利度）” 会抑制创业行为，且个体对环境的主观评估（如政策支持、市场准入难度）会调节内部认知的作用 —— 这为你的 “外部感知” 变量提供了情境逻辑（、）。写作引用参考（英文）：“Ephrem et al. (2021) demonstrate that entrepreneurial behavior in developing countries is heavily shaped by contextual factors—for example, the DRC’s poor entrepreneurial ecosystem (e.g., high corruption, weak property rights) reduces the translation of internal motivation into success. Extending this logic, we include ‘environmental perception’ as an independent variable, capturing individuals’ subjective assessments of external conditions (e.g., policy support, market accessibility). This choice aligns with Ephrem et al.’s (2021) implication that external context, as perceived by entrepreneurs, interacts with internal factors to influence entrepreneurial outcomes (Ephrem et al., 2021, p. 4).”

3. 因变量选择的文献支撑（Why This Dependent Variable）

若你的因变量为 “机会型 / 生存型创业（OME/NME）”，可直接复用该文献的 “创业类型二分法” 及测量依据：

文献基于 GEM 框架，将创业类型按 “动机差异” 划分为 OME（因 passion / 社会贡献）与 NME（因失业 / 贫困），并通过 16 个题项验证了该分类的有效性 —— 这为你的因变量定义与操作化提供了直接文献依据（、）。写作引用参考（英文）：“The dependent variable in this study—‘entrepreneurial behavior type’ (OME vs. NME)—follows Ephrem et al.’s (2021) GEM-aligned classification. They define OME as entrepreneurship driven by ‘passion for exploiting opportunities or social contribution’ and NME as entrepreneurship driven by ‘unemployment or poverty’, measured via 16 items (e.g., ‘starting a business to escape poverty’ for NME, ‘starting a business out of passion’ for OME) (Ephrem et al., 2021, p. 8). This dichotomy is validated in developing country contexts, as it captures the core motivation differences that shape entrepreneurial behavior—consistent with our study’s focus on heterogeneous entrepreneurial outcomes.”

三、结果解释：学习文献的逻辑推导方式

该文献对 “中介效应”“创业类型差异” 的结果解释逻辑，可直接借鉴到你的研究结果分析中，核心包括以下两点：

1. 用 “资源稀缺性” 解释变量作用差异

文献解释 “为何 OME 的心理资本更高” 时，基于资源基础观指出：OME 更早积累 “心理资本” 这类稀缺资源，而 NME 因被动创业，缺乏资源积累时间 —— 你可借鉴这一逻辑，解释 “内部感知仅影响 OME” 的结果（、）。写作参考（英文）：“Consistent with Ephrem et al. (2021)’s resource-based logic, our finding that internal perception only marginally predicts OME (β=0.143, p<0.1) but not NME can be explained by resource scarcity. Ephrem et al. (2021) argue that opportunity entrepreneurs accumulate psychological capital (a scarce resource) earlier, as they actively prepare for entrepreneurship; in contrast, necessity entrepreneurs start businesses passively (due to unemployment/poverty) and lack the time to build internal cognitive resources. Similarly, our results suggest that internal perception—rooted in accumulated cognitive resources—matters more for OME, as NME is driven by survival needs rather than cognitive readiness (Ephrem et al., 2021, p. 15).”

2. 用 “情境适配性” 解释非显著结果

文献解释 “创业动机对成功无直接效应” 时，指出 “动机需通过心理资本转化，缺乏中间机制则作用不显著”—— 你可借鉴这一逻辑，解释 “社会资本对 OME 无调节作用” 等非显著结果（）。写作参考（英文）：“Ephrem et al. (2021) show that entrepreneurial motivation has no direct effect on success (β=0.033, p>0.05) because its impact is fully mediated by psychological capital—motivation alone cannot drive success without an intermediate resource. Applying this logic, our finding that social capital does not moderate the effect of internal perception on OME may reflect ‘contextual mismatch’: OME relies more on psychological capital (e.g., self-efficacy) than social capital, as opportunity entrepreneurs prioritize opportunity exploitation over resource acquisition. This aligns with Ephrem et al.’s (2021) observation that different entrepreneurial types depend on distinct resources (Ephrem et al., 2021, p. 16).”