django 学习笔记( 一）-优快云博客

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/gengxuelei/article/details/47336675

本文介绍如何使用Django创建项目及应用，并实现基本的用户注册、登录、注销等功能，包括数据库配置、URL设置及视图处理。

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创建项目，创建app

django-admin.py startproject project-name
django-admin.py startapp app-name

修改settings.py

# 添加app
INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'debug_toolbar',
    'app-',
)
# 配置数据库
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'database',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'root',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '3306',
    }
}

# 更改时区：
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

修改models.py

from django.db import models

class User(models.Model):
    username=models.EmailField(max_length=100)
    password=models.CharField(max_length=50)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.username

修改app下的urls.py

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
                       url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
                       url(r'^app-name/', include('app-name.urls')),
                       )

修改app-name下的urls.py

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from app-name import views


urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^$', views.login, name='login'),
    url(r'^login/$',views.login,name = 'login'),
    url(r'^regist/$',views.regist,name = 'regist'),
    url(r'^index/$',views.index,name = 'index'),
    url(r'^logout/$',views.logout,name = 'logout'),
)

修改app-name下的views.py

#coding=utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response
from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect
from django.template import RequestContext
from django import forms
from models import User

#表单
class UserForm(forms.Form): 
    username = forms.EmailField(label='用户名')
    password = forms.CharField(label='密码',widget=forms.PasswordInput())


#注册
def regist(req):
    if req.method == 'POST':
        uf = UserForm(req.POST)
        if uf.is_valid():
            #获得表单数据
            username = uf.cleaned_data['username']
            password = uf.cleaned_data['password']
            #添加到数据库
            User.objects.create(username= username,password=password)
            return HttpResponse('regist success!!')
    else:
        uf = UserForm()
    return render_to_response('regist.html',{'uf':uf}, context_instance=RequestContext(req))

#登陆
def login(req):
    if req.method == 'POST':
        uf = UserForm(req.POST)
        if uf.is_valid():
            #获取表单用户密码
            username = uf.cleaned_data['username']
            password = uf.cleaned_data['password']
            #获取的表单数据与数据库进行比较
            user = User.objects.filter(username__exact = username,password__exact = password)
            if user:
                #比较成功，跳转index
                response = HttpResponseRedirect('/ke/index/')
                #将username写入浏览器cookie,失效时间为3600
                response.set_cookie('username',username,3600)
                return response
            else:
                #比较失败，还在login
                return HttpResponseRedirect('/ke/login/')
    else:
        uf = UserForm()
    return render_to_response('login.html',{'uf':uf},context_instance=RequestContext(req))

#登陆成功
def index(req):
    username = req.COOKIES.get('username','')
    return render_to_response('index.html' ,{'username':username})

#退出
def logout(req):
    response = HttpResponse('logout !!')
    #清理cookie里保存username
    response.delete_cookie('username')
    return response

在app-name下建立templates文件夹
index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>welcome {{username}} !</h1>
<br>
<a href="/app-name/logout/">退出</a>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登陆页面：</h1>
<form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{uf.as_p}}
    <input type="submit" value = "ok" />
</form>
<br>
<a href="/app-name/regist/">注册</a>
</body>
</html>

regist.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>注册</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>注册页面：</h1>
<form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{uf.as_p}}
    <input type="submit" value = "ok" />
</form>
<br>
<a href="/app-name/login/">已有账号？登陆！！！</a>
</body>
</html>