django - (五) Form

django - (五) Form

1. 如果自己写一个Form

1. html

       <form action="/crm/cust_search/" method="get">
           <input type="text" name="cust_id">
           <input type="submit" value="Search">
       </form>
   

2. urls

       url(r'^cust_list/$',cust_list),
       url(r'^cust_search/$',cust_search),
   

3. models

   def cust_list(request):
       return render(request,'cust_list.html')
   
   def cust_search(request):
       if "cust_id" in request.GET:
           message="You search for :%r" % request.GET['cust_id']
       else:
           message="You submitted an empty form"
       return HttpResponse(message)
   

2. 使用Django-From提交表单

1. 新建文件(student_sys/student/forms.py)

   from django import forms
   from .models import Student
   
   class StudentForm(forms.Form):
       name = forms.CharField(label='姓名',max_length=128)
       sex = forms.ChoiceField(label='性别',choices=Student.SEX_ITEMS)
       profession = forms.CharField(label='职业',max_length=128)
       email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱',max_length=128)
       qq = forms.CharField(label='QQ',max_length=128)
       phone = forms.CharField(label='手机',max_length=128)
   

2. html

       <form action="/" method="post">
           {% csrf_token %}
           {{ form }}
           <input type="submit" value="Submit"/>
       </form>
   

这里as_table可以自动将Form中的所有元素放到页面前台上

3. views

   from django.shortcuts import render
   from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
   from django.urls import reverse
   # Create your views here.
   
   from .forms import StudentForm
   from .models import Student
   
   def index(request):
       # 获取student内存的所有对象
       students = Student.objects.all()
       if request.method=='POST':
           form = StudentForm(request.POST)
           if form.is_valid():
               cleaned_data = form.cleaned_data
               student = Student()
               student.name = cleaned_data['name']
               student.sex = cleaned_data['sex']
               student.email = cleaned_data['email']
               student.profession = cleaned_data['profession']
               student.qq = cleaned_data['qq']
               student.phone = cleaned_data['phone']
               student.save()
               return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('index'))
       else:
           form = StudentForm()
   
       context = {
           'students':students,
           'form':form,
       }
       # 使用render渲染index.html
       return render(request,'student/index.html',context=context)
   

3. 简化Django-From表单

1. 新建文件(student_sys/student/forms.py)

   from django import forms
   from .models import Student
   
   class StudentForm(forms.ModelForm):#注意这里继承的类变化
       class Meta:
           model = Student
           fields = (
               'name','sex','profession',
               'email','qq','phone',
           )
       ```
   
   

2. html

       <form action="/" method="post">
           {% csrf_token %}
           {{ form }}
           <input type="submit" value="Submit"/>
       </form>
   

3. views

   from django.shortcuts import render
   from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
   from django.urls import reverse
   # Create your views here.
   
   from .forms import StudentForm
   from .models import Student
   
   def index(request):
       # 获取student内存的所有对象
       students = Student.objects.all()
       if request.method=='POST':
           form = StudentForm(request.POST)
           if form.is_valid():
               #!!!这里可以删除字段一一对应的关系配置
               student.save()
               return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('index'))
       else:
           form = StudentForm()
   
       context = {
           'students':students,
           'form':form,
       }
       # 使用render渲染index.html
       return render(request,'student/index.html',context=context)
   
       ```
   

4. 添加字段的验证

1. Froms修改(student_sys/student/forms.py-在3.1函数StudentForm类中新增以下内容)

   def clean_qq(self):
       cleaned_data = self.cleaned_data['qq']
       if not cleaned_data.isdigit():
           raise forms.ValidationError('写数字咯!')
       return int(cleaned_data)
   

2. 打开浏览器，填个错误的QQ号就能看到变化
   

5. 自定义样式的添加

1. views

   这里views 不用修改，仍然只需传入form对象即可

2. html

    <style type="text/css">
           ul.errorlist {
           margin: 0;
           padding: 0;
           }
           .errorlist li {
           background-color: red;
           color: white;
           display: block;
           font-size: 10px;
           margin: 0 0 3px;
           padding: 4px 5px;
           }
           </style>
   
       <form action="" method="post">
           <div class="field">
               {{ form.cust_id.errors }}<br>
               {{ form.cust_id.label }}:
               {{ form.cust_id }}
           </div>
           <input type="submit" value="Submit">
       </form>
   

   这里只示范了一个form元素的存放