设计模式

设计模式分类图

Purpose	DesignPattern	Aspect(s)That Can Vary
Creational (Creational patterns concern the process of object creation.)	AbstractFactory	Provide an interface for creating families of related or dependent objects without specifying their concrete classes.
	Builder	Separate the construction of a complex object from its representation so that the same construction process can create different representations.
	FactoryMethod	Define an interface for creating an object, but let subclasses decide which class to instantiate. Factory Method lets a class defer instantiation to subclasses.
	Prototype	Specify the kinds of objects to create using a prototypical instance, and create new objects by copying this prototype.
	Singleton	Ensure a class only has one instance, and provide a global point of access to it.
Structural (Structural patterns deal with the composition of classes or objects.)	Adapter	Convert the interface of a class into another interface clients expect. Adapter lets classes work together that couldn't otherwise because of incompatible interfaces.
	Bridge	Decouple an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary independently.
	Composite	Compose objects into tree structures to represent part-whole hierarchies. Composite lets clients treat individual objects and compositions of objects uniformly.
	Decorator	Attach additional responsibilities to an object dynamically. Decorators provide a flexible alternative to subclassing for extending functionality.
	Facade	provide a unified interface to a set of interfaces in a subsystem. Façade defines a higher-level interface that makes the subsystem easier to use.
	Flyweight	Use sharing to support large numbers of fine-grained objects efficiently.
	Proxy	Provide a surrogate or placeholder for another object to control access to it.
Behavioral (Behavioral patterns characterize the ways in which classes or objects interact and distribute responsibility.)	Chainof Responsibility	Avoid coupling the sender of a request to its receiver by giving more than one object a chance to handle the request. Chain the receiving objects and pass the request along the chain until an object handles it.
	Command	Encapsulate a request as an object, thereby letting you parameterize clients with different requests, queue or log requests, and support undoable operations.
	Interpreter	Given a language, define a represention for its grammar along with an interpreter that uses the representation to interpret sentences in the language.
	Iterator	Provide a way to access the elements of an aggregate object sequentially without exposing its underlying representation
	Mediator	Define an object that encapsulates how a set of objects interact. Mediator promotes loose coupling by keeping objects from referring to each other explicitly, and it lets you vary their interaction independently.
	Memento	Without violating encapsulation, capture and externalize an object's internal state so that the object can be restored to this state later.
	Observer	Define a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically.
	State	Allow an object to alter its behavior when its internal state changes. The object will appear to change its class.
	Strategy	Define a family of algorithms, encapsulate each one, and make them interchangeable. Strategy lets the algorithm vary independently from clients that use it.
	Template Method	Define the skeleton of an algorithm in an operation, deferring some steps to subclasses. Template Method lets subclasses redefine certain steps of an algorithm without changing the algorithm's structure.
	Visitor Method	Represent an operation to be performed on the elements of an object structure. Visitor lets you define a new operation without changing the classes of the elements on which it operates.