python email模块的使用实例

在使用python过程中，需要用的email模块来进行邮件的发送和接收，包含自定义邮件的中文、主题、日期、附件等信息，以下是我使用email模块来发送一个测试报告相关信息的邮件的例子：

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
@author:freesigefei
Created on 2016年3月20日
Updated on 2016年5月4日
'''
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header
import os,time,re

def send_Test_email(mail_to):
    '''本模块实现获取最新的测试报告html文件，读取部分报告内容作为邮件正文，将报告作为附件，并发送到指定的邮箱，
        参数mail_to代表的是接收邮箱，例如:'xxx@126.com' '''
    
    #发送邮箱
    mail_from = 'yyy@sina.com'
    #发送邮件主题
    mail_subject = 'Automation Test Report'
    #发送邮箱服务器
    mail_smtpserver = 'smtp.sina.com'
    #发送邮箱用户/密码
    mail_username = 'yyy@sina.com'
    mail_password = 'yyyyyy'

    #定义邮件内容，中文需参数‘utf-8’，单字节字符不需要
    '''
    #发送文件形式的邮件
    msg = MIMEText('你好!','text','utf-8')
    '''
    '''
    #发送html形式以正常文本显示在邮件内容中的邮件
    msg = MIMEText('<html><h1>你好！</h1></html>','html','utf-8')
    '''
    '''
    #读取html文件内容并发送
    f=open(file_new,'rb')
    mail_body=f.read()
    f.close()
    print mail_body
    msg=MIMEText(mail_body,_subtype='html',_charset='utf-8')
    '''
    
    #创建一个带附件的邮件实例（内容）
    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    #找到report目录下最新生成的报告文件供后续使用
    result_dir = 'D:\\report'
    lists=os.listdir(result_dir)
    lists.sort(key=lambda fn: os.path.getmtime(result_dir+"\\"+fn) if not
               os.path.isdir(result_dir+"\\"+fn) else 0)
    print (u'The Latest Test Report is: '+lists[-1])
    file_new = os.path.join(result_dir,lists[-1])
    #读取最新的测试报告文件获取部分信息来定义邮件的内容
    Regex_Theme=re.compile(r'Automation Test Report')
    Regex_Content=re.compile(r'<strong>(.*:)</strong>(.*)<')
    Report_File=open(file_new,'r')
    Mail_Content=[]
    for line in Report_File.readlines():
        if '<title>Automation Test Report</title>' in line or "<p class='attribute'>" in line:
            i=Regex_Theme.findall(line)
            j=Regex_Content.findall(line)
            if i != []:
                Mail_Content.append(i)
            if j != []:
                Mail_Content.append(j)
    Report_File.close()
    #将读取到的测试报告的数据以html形式显示为邮件的中文
    msgTest=MIMEText('''<html><h1>Test completed,Test results are as follows:</h1></html>'''
                     '''<hr />'''
                     '''<p><strong>'''+Mail_Content[0][0]+'''</strong></p>'''
                     '''<p><strong>'''+Mail_Content[1][0][0]+'''</strong>'''+Mail_Content[1][0][1]+'''</p>'''
                     '''<p><strong>'''+Mail_Content[2][0][0]+'''</strong>'''+Mail_Content[2][0][1]+'''</p>'''
                     '''<p><strong>'''+Mail_Content[3][0][0]+'''</strong>'''+Mail_Content[3][0][1]+'''</p>'''
                     '''<hr />'''
                     '''<p>PS: Detailed test results please refer to the attachment</p>'''
                     ,'html','utf-8')
    msg.attach(msgTest)
    #定义邮件的附件
    att1 = MIMEText(open(file_new, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
    att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
    att1["Content-Disposition"] ='attachment; filename="Automation test report.html"'#这里的filename指的是附件的名称及类型
    msg.attach(att1)
    #将邮件的主题等相关信息添加到邮件实例
    msg['Subject'] = Header(mail_subject)
    msg['From'] = mail_from
    msg['To'] = mail_to
    msg['date']=time.strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z') 
    #创建发送服务器实例并将发送服务器添加到实例中
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
    smtp.connect(mail_smtpserver)
    '''
    #采用ssl加密传输
    smtp.ehlo()
    smtp.starttls()
    smtp.ehlo()
    '''
    '''
    #打印交互的日志信息
    #smtp.set_debuglevel(1)
    '''
    #登录发送邮件服务器并进行邮件的发送
    smtp.login(mail_username, mail_password)
    smtp.sendmail(mail_from, mail_to, msg.as_string())
    print u'Test report sent successfully，Please go to the following email to check the test report :%s' %mail_to
    smtp.quit()
    
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == "__main__":
    send_Test_email('xxx@126.com')

当然，如果要使用email模块的其他功能，可以参考网上的以下7个列子：

一，文件形式的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header

sender = '***'
receiver = '***'
subject = 'python email test'
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
username = '***'
password = '***'

msg = MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8')#中文需参数‘utf-8'，单字节字符不需要
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')

smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()

二、html形式的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

sender = '***'
receiver = '***'
subject = 'python email test'
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
username = '***'
password = '***'

msg = MIMEText('</pre>
<h1>你好</h1>
<pre>','html','utf-8') 

msg['Subject'] = subject 

smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()

三、带图片的html邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage 

sender = '***'
receiver = '***'
subject = 'python email test'
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
username = '***'
password = '***' 

msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message' 

msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.
<img alt="" src="cid:image1" />
good!','html','utf-8')
msgRoot.attach(msgText) 

fp = open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb')
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close() 

msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '')
msgRoot.attach(msgImage) 

smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())
smtp.quit()

四、带附件的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage 

sender = '***'
receiver = '***'
subject = 'python email test'
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
username = '***'
password = '***' 

msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
msgRoot['Subject'] = 'test message' 

#构造附件
att = MIMEText(open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'
msgRoot.attach(att) 

smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())
smtp.quit()

五、群邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText 

sender = '***'
receiver = ['***','****',……]
subject = 'python email test'
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
username = '***'
password = '***' 

msg = MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8') 

msg['Subject'] = subject 

smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()

六、包含各种元素的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage 

sender = '***'
receiver = '***'
subject = 'python email test'
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
username = '***'
password = '***' 

# Create message container - the correct MIME type is multipart/alternative.
msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['Subject'] = "Link" 

# Create the body of the message (a plain-text and an HTML version).
text = "Hi!\nHow are you?\nHere is the link you wanted:\nhttp://www.python.org"
html = """\

 
Hi!

       How are you?

       Here is the <a href="http://www.python.org">link</a> you wanted.

 

""" 

# Record the MIME types of both parts - text/plain and text/html.
part1 = MIMEText(text, 'plain')
part2 = MIMEText(html, 'html') 

# Attach parts into message container.
# According to RFC 2046, the last part of a multipart message, in this case
# the HTML message, is best and preferred.
msg.attach(part1)
msg.attach(part2)
#构造附件
att = MIMEText(open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'
msg.attach(att) 

smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()

7、基于ssl的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
sender = '***'
receiver = '***'
subject = 'python email test'
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
username = '***'
password = '***' 

msg = MIMEText('你好','text','utf-8')#中文需参数‘utf-8'，单字节字符不需要
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8') 

smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
smtp.ehlo()
smtp.starttls()
smtp.ehlo()
smtp.set_debuglevel(1)
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()