Retrofit: 与okhttp共同出自于Square公司,retrofit就是对okhttp做了一层封装,把网络请求都交给了OkHttp,只需要通过简单的配置就能使用其来进行网络请求。
使用Retrofit的准备工作
1.添加Retrofit依赖
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.1.0'
2.添加响应转换器依赖,Retrofit默认不集成响应转换器的
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.1.0'
最后不要忘了,声明网络请求的权限
开始创建Retrofit
public interface HttpJson {
@GET
Call<Apps> getAppLists(@Url String url);
}
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.baseUrl(UrlPath)
.build();
httpJson = retrofit.create(HttpJson.class);
Call<Apps> appLists = httpJson.getAppLists(UrlPath);
addConverterFactory()为了添加json 解析工具
baseUrl()注意:只能传入以/结尾的网址
httpJson 接口 的一个具体实现,
步骤三
得到call对象,并且可以使用enqueue 或者 execute来执行发起请求,enqueue是是异步执行,而 execute是同步执行。
appLists.enqueue(new Callback<Apps>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<Apps> call, Response<Apps> response) {
if(response.body() !=null) {
Log.d("LXM", response.body()+ "");
}
else{
Log.d("LXM","response is null");
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<Apps> call, Throwable t) {
Log.d("LXM",t.getMessage());
}
});
我们所请求的数据,都会在response.body()中返回
问题总结
1.Base URL required
出现这个错误是因为,Base URL为空,这是因为源码在构建的过程中,会检查 Base URL,如果Base URL为空,则会抛出这个异常
2.java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: baseUrl must end in /:
Base URL规定,它最后一定要以/结尾
我们知道,很多时候,我们的网址掺杂了很多参数,是无法做到/结尾的,此时,我们要借助@URL,如下:
public interface HttpJson {
@GET
Call<Apps> getAppLists(@Url String url);
}
注意:@GET在这里是没有任何参数,当使用了@URL时,会默认使用传进来的URL的参数,这个特殊的用法可以支持URL是动态变化的情况,并且解决了Base URL必须以/结尾的规定
3. Expected BEGIN_ARRAY but was BEGIN_OBJECT at line 1 column 2 path $
Json数据为嵌套形式时,对象抽取不当,如下
{ "ret": "0",
"data": { "appList": [
{ "fileSize": "12431425", "appName": "贝瓦儿歌", "icon": "http://img.sky.fs.skysrt.com///uploads/20160607/20160607140722707425.png", "appRunType": 0},
{ "fileSize": "14022612", "appName": "逸趣休闲", "icon": "http://img.sky.fs.skysrt.com///uploads/20161022/20161022144435531698.png", "appRunType": 0},
{ "fileSize": "14047310", "appName": "风尚舞汇", "icon": "http://img.sky.fs.skysrt.com///uploads/20161022/20161022144303406615.png", "appRunType": 0},
{ "fileSize": "1271215", "appName": "精华E课堂", "icon": "http://img.sky.fs.skysrt.com///uploads/20140705/20140705094119947612.png", "appRunType": 0}
],
"total": 4,
"count": 4,
"page": 1 },
"msg": "success" }
我们可以看到,这个json文件中最外层,有三个对象,分别是"ret","data","msg"
而"data"对象又包含四个对象"appList","total",count","page"
其中,appList对象的值是一组数组,此时,要想正确获取对象值,需要三个类
APPS,包含"ret","data","msg"对象
APPListmsg, 包含"appList","total",count","page",
AppList.为“data”数组中单项的对象类
代码如下
json最外层的数据结构
public class Apps {
private String ret;
private APPListmsg data;
private String msg;
public void setData(AppLists data) {
this.data = data;
}
public AppLists getData() {
return data;
}
public void setRet(String ret) {
this.ret = ret;
}
public String getRet() {
return ret;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
}
数组中数据的数据结构
public class AppList {
private String fileSize;
private String appName;
private String icon;
private String appRunType;
public AppList(){}
public AppList(String fileSize, String appName, String icon, String appRunType){
this.fileSize = fileSize;
this.appName = appName;
this.icon = icon;
this.appRunType = appRunType;
}
public String getAppRunType() {
return appRunType;
}
public void setAppRunType(String appRunType) {
this.appRunType = appRunType;
}
public String getIcon() {
return icon;
}
public void setIcon(String icon) {
this.icon = icon;
}
public String getFileSize() {
return fileSize;
}
public void setFileSize(String fileSize) {
this.fileSize = fileSize;
}
public String getAppName() {
return appName;
}
public void setAppName(String appName) {
this.appName = appName;
}
}
data对象的数据结构
public class APPListmsg {
private List<AppList> appList;
public List<AppList> getAppList() {
return appList;
}
public void setAppLists(List<AppList> appList) {
this.appList = appList;
}
}
范例代码如下:
public void test3(){
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.baseUrl(UrlPath)
.build();
httpJson = retrofit.create(HttpJson.class);
Call<Apps> appLists = httpJson.getAppLists(UrlPath);
appLists.enqueue(new Callback<Apps>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<Apps> call, Response<Apps> response) {
if(response.body() !=null) {
List<AppList> apps = response.body().getData().getAppList();
Log.d("LXM", apps + "");
for (int i = 0; i < apps.size(); i++) {
Log.d("LXM", apps.get(i).getAppName());
}
}
else{
Log.d("LXM","response is null");
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<Apps> call, Throwable t) {
Log.d("LXM",t.getMessage());
}
});
}