C#趣味小程序(6)——动态工具栏

最新推荐文章于 2019-04-11 20:14:48 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2019-04-11 20:14:48 发布 · 5k 阅读

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CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

文章标签：

#工具 #c# #button #components #null #object

本文介绍了如何在C#中动态地从MenuStrip中获取所有DropdownItems并显示在ToolStrip上，同时保留事件处理。通过递归遍历菜单栏，将每个DropdownItem添加到列表，然后在工具栏上创建新的ToolStripButtons，使用统一的事件处理函数进行事件绑定。文章详细解释了遍历过程和事件处理的实现方法。

问题描述：

是将MenuStrip中的所有DropDownItems列出来，供用户选择，被选中的项将在ToolStrip被显示出来，并且可以使用与其对应的DropDownItem的事件.

其工作流程可以分解如下图所示：

图１．１流程图

实际上这个图所描述的正是我们上面说的一样，只是换作图形表示而已，但这样一来程序的结构就变得清晰起来了。

实际上这个图所描述的正是我们上面说的一样，只是换作图形表示而已，但这样一来程序的结构就变得清晰起来了。可以看出，整个问题实际上被分解成了三个部分，即遍历菜单栏所有可用的DropDownItems，提供用户的选择界面，和为工具栏动态添Items及其事件。提供用户的选择界面这部分内容没什么技术含量，可以用任何一种你喜欢的方式实现，没什么好说的。下面我将重点说一下遍历菜单栏所有可用的DropDownItems，和为工具栏动态添Items及其事件这两部分。

一、遍历菜单栏所有可用的DropDownItems

菜单栏的结构实际上是典型的“森林”，而每一个下拉菜单(DropDownItem)都是一棵树。面对这种问题最好的解决方式就是递归。很多人提到递归就头大，其实对于了解递归的人来说递归很简单。尤其是树的遍历就更加的简单了，它有固有的模式，一般先对结束条件进行判断，然后递归遍历各个子树，就这么简单。对于本题DropDownItem的函数可以这样来写：

private ToolStripMenuItem Items(ToolStripMenuItem tsItem)

{ //结束条件判定

if (tsItem.DropDownItems.Count <= 0) return tsItem;

else

{ //遍历各子树

foreach (ToolStripMenuItem mItem in tsItem.DropDownItems)

{ //递归遍历mItem子树

Items(mItem);

}

return null;

}

函数首先判断节点(就是一个DropDownItem)是否含有子节点，如果它不含有子节点就return它(这就是结束条件判断)。我们这样做完全是因为我们菜单使用习惯(所有的菜单功能都是在叶子节点实现功能的)，当然我们也可以将非叶子节点也return回去。但是最好不要这么干，因为它会令我们产生很多困扰(不信邪的朋友可以试试)。下一步再分别遍历该节点的每一个子树

上面是遍历某个DropDownItem和它的子节点，下面遍历整个菜单栏：

……

//这是遍历菜单栏，可以放在任何你需要的地方，

//注: menuStrip1是我菜单栏的名字

foreach (ToolStripMenuItem mItem in this.menuStrip1.Items)

{ //递归遍历各个DropDownItem

Items(mItem);

}

……

上面就是遍历菜单的全部代码。这当然还没完，我们需要将遍历菜单得到的各个菜单项存入容器，以备下面的程序使用。什么容器都可以，而我选择了List<>。要实现这个功能：

首先，我们需要增加一个容器 lMenuItems

……

//增加一个全局变量，它是一个容器

List<ToolStripMenuItem> lMenuItems;

……

然后，在遍历菜单栏程序段中添加代码

//这是遍历菜单栏，可以放在任何你需要的地方，

//menuStrip1是我菜单栏的名字

lMenuItems = new List<ToolStripMenuItem>();

foreach (ToolStripMenuItem mItem in this.menuStrip1.Items)

{ //递归遍历各个DropDownItem

Items(mItem);

}

……

将DropDownItem的递归遍历函数修改成下面这个样子

private ToolStripMenuItem Items(ToolStripMenuItem tsItem)

{ //结束条件判定

if (tsItem.DropDownItems.Count <= 0) return tsItem;

else

{ //遍历各子树

ToolStripMenuItem value = null;//临时变量

foreach (ToolStripMenuItem mItem in tsItem.DropDownItems)

{ //递归遍历mItem子树

value = Items(mItem);

if (value != null && lMenuItems != null)

lMenuItems.Add(value);

}

return null;

}

好，初战告捷。跳过如何提供用户的选择界面部分不提，直接进入重点。

二、为工具栏动态添Items及其事件

给工具栏动态添加Items其实是一件非常简单的事，就像有些人说的new一个，再Add()进去就搞定了。关键的问题不在这里，如何使各个工具栏的Item的事件可以与DropDownItem的事件一一对应才是问题的关键。各个DropDownItem都可以拥有自己的事件，各个事件的名称不同，而且事件是不能直接拿事件赋值的，如果无法实现事件的动态赋值，菜单栏动态添加也就没戏了。如果没有好多解决方法，程序开发到这里只能是僵局。

1．关于事件的调整

首先事件是可以调用事件的，并且几个控件可以共用一个事件。这就为问题的解决提供了可能性。让所有的可用菜单项都使用一个事件，或者说让这个事件统领其他的菜单事件。我们新建一个事件，并将这个事件命名为Menu_Click，它来统领整个Menu的所有Click事件：

private void Menu_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{ …… }

第二步，将原来所有DropDownItems的事件(菜单项事件)都替换成Menu_Click。

小知识：事件参数中的sender事实上就是发出事件的控件(或源)，但因为它的类型是object，所有在使用前要对其进行强制类型转换。比如：有一个sender的实际类型是ToolStripItem，我需要获得sender的Name属性值就需要：

string sender_Name = ((ToolStripItem)sender).Name;

应用上面特点，在事件处理函数Menu_Click中就不难使用switch或者if/else来区分事件的来源，并分别调用他们自己的事件处理函数了。

2．动态添加

解决了事件的问题，工具栏的动态添加实际上就是一句话的事

toolStrip1.Items.Add(new ToolStripButton(

<某DropDownItem>.Text, //DropDownItem显示的文字

<某DropDownItem>.Image, //DropDownItem图标

new System.EventHandler(Menu_Click), //DropDownItem事件

<某DropDownItem>.Name //DropDownItem名称

));

下面是一个简单的实例：(请将代码粘贴到你新建项目中对应得位置)

/*******************/

/*Form1.Designer.cs*/

/*******************/

namespace dynamicToolbar

{

partial class Form1

{

/// <summary>

/// Required designer variable.

/// </summary>

private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

/// <summary>

/// Clean up any resources being used.

/// </summary>

/// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>

protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)

{

if (disposing && (components != null))

{

components.Dispose();

}

base.Dispose(disposing);

}

#region Windows Form Designer generated code

/// <summary>

/// Required method for Designer support - do not modify

/// the contents of this method with the code editor.

/// </summary>

private void InitializeComponent()

{

this.menuStrip1 = new System.Windows.Forms.MenuStrip();

this.first = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();

this.f1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();

this.f11 = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();

this.f12 = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();

this.f2 = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();

this.f3 = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();

this.f31 = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();

this.secondToolStripMenuItem = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();

this.s1ToolStripMenuItem = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();

this.s2ToolStripMenuItem = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();

this.s3ToolStripMenuItem = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();

this.s31ToolStripMenuItem = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();

this.s311ToolStripMenuItem = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();

this.s32ToolStripMenuItem = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();

this.thirdToolStripMenuItem = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();

this.t1ToolStripMenuItem = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();

this.t2ToolStripMenuItem = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem();

this.set = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

this.toolStrip1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStrip();

this.menuStrip1.SuspendLayout();

this.SuspendLayout();

// menuStrip1

this.menuStrip1.Items.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItem[] {

this.first,

this.secondToolStripMenuItem,

this.thirdToolStripMenuItem});

this.menuStrip1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0);

this.menuStrip1.Name = "menuStrip1";

this.menuStrip1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(292, 24);

this.menuStrip1.TabIndex = 0;

this.menuStrip1.Text = "menuStrip1";

// first

this.first.DropDownItems.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItem[] {

this.f1,

this.f2,

this.f3});

this.first.Name = "first";

this.first.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(47, 20);

this.first.Text = "first";

this.first.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Menu_Click);

// f1

this.f1.DropDownItems.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItem[] {

this.f11,

this.f12});

this.f1.Name = "f1";

this.f1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(82, 22);

this.f1.Text = "f1";

// f11

this.f11.Name = "f11";

this.f11.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(88, 22);

this.f11.Text = "f11";

this.f11.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Menu_Click);

// f12

this.f12.Name = "f12";

this.f12.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(88, 22);

this.f12.Text = "f12";

this.f12.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Menu_Click);

// f2

this.f2.Name = "f2";

this.f2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(82, 22);

this.f2.Text = "f2";

this.f2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Menu_Click);

// f3

this.f3.DropDownItems.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItem[] {

this.f31});

this.f3.Name = "f3";

this.f3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(82, 22);

this.f3.Text = "f3";

// f31

this.f31.Name = "f31";

this.f31.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(88, 22);

this.f31.Text = "f31";

this.f31.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Menu_Click);

// secondToolStripMenuItem

this.secondToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItem[] {

this.s1ToolStripMenuItem,

this.s2ToolStripMenuItem,

this.s3ToolStripMenuItem});

this.secondToolStripMenuItem.Name = "secondToolStripMenuItem";

this.secondToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(53, 20);

this.secondToolStripMenuItem.Text = "second";

// s1ToolStripMenuItem

this.s1ToolStripMenuItem.Name = "s1ToolStripMenuItem";

this.s1ToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(82, 22);

this.s1ToolStripMenuItem.Text = "s1";

this.s1ToolStripMenuItem.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Menu_Click);

// s2ToolStripMenuItem

this.s2ToolStripMenuItem.Name = "s2ToolStripMenuItem";

this.s2ToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(82, 22);

this.s2ToolStripMenuItem.Text = "s2";

this.s2ToolStripMenuItem.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Menu_Click);

// s3ToolStripMenuItem

this.s3ToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItem[] {

this.s31ToolStripMenuItem,

this.s32ToolStripMenuItem});

this.s3ToolStripMenuItem.Name = "s3ToolStripMenuItem";

this.s3ToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(82, 22);

this.s3ToolStripMenuItem.Text = "s3";

// s31ToolStripMenuItem

this.s31ToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItem[] {

this.s311ToolStripMenuItem});

this.s31ToolStripMenuItem.Name = "s31ToolStripMenuItem";

this.s31ToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(88, 22);

this.s31ToolStripMenuItem.Text = "s31";

// s311ToolStripMenuItem

this.s311ToolStripMenuItem.Name = "s311ToolStripMenuItem";

this.s311ToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(94, 22);

this.s311ToolStripMenuItem.Text = "s311";

this.s311ToolStripMenuItem.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Menu_Click);

// s32ToolStripMenuItem

this.s32ToolStripMenuItem.Name = "s32ToolStripMenuItem";

this.s32ToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(88, 22);

this.s32ToolStripMenuItem.Text = "s32";

this.s32ToolStripMenuItem.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Menu_Click);

// thirdToolStripMenuItem

this.thirdToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItem[] {

this.t1ToolStripMenuItem,

this.t2ToolStripMenuItem});

this.thirdToolStripMenuItem.Name = "thirdToolStripMenuItem";

this.thirdToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(47, 20);

this.thirdToolStripMenuItem.Text = "third";

// t1ToolStripMenuItem

this.t1ToolStripMenuItem.Name = "t1ToolStripMenuItem";

this.t1ToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(82, 22);

this.t1ToolStripMenuItem.Text = "t1";

this.t1ToolStripMenuItem.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Menu_Click);

// t2ToolStripMenuItem

this.t2ToolStripMenuItem.Name = "t2ToolStripMenuItem";

this.t2ToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(82, 22);

this.t2ToolStripMenuItem.Text = "t2";

this.t2ToolStripMenuItem.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Menu_Click);

// set

this.set.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(106, 185);

this.set.Name = "set";

this.set.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);

this.set.TabIndex = 3;

this.set.Text = "set->Add";

this.set.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

this.set.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnSet_Click);

// toolStrip1

this.toolStrip1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 24);

this.toolStrip1.Name = "toolStrip2";

this.toolStrip1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(292, 25);

this.toolStrip1.TabIndex = 4;

this.toolStrip1.Text = "toolStrip2";

// Form1

this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);

this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;

this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(292, 266);

this.Controls.Add(this.toolStrip1);

this.Controls.Add(this.set);

this.Controls.Add(this.menuStrip1);

this.Name = "Form1";

this.Text = "Form1";

this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);

this.menuStrip1.ResumeLayout(false);

this.menuStrip1.PerformLayout();

this.ResumeLayout(false);

this.PerformLayout();

}

#endregion

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem first;

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem f1;

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem f11;

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem f12;

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem f2;

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem f3;

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem f31;

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem secondToolStripMenuItem;

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem s1ToolStripMenuItem;

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem s2ToolStripMenuItem;

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem s3ToolStripMenuItem;

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem s31ToolStripMenuItem;

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem s311ToolStripMenuItem;

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem s32ToolStripMenuItem;

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem thirdToolStripMenuItem;

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem t1ToolStripMenuItem;

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem t2ToolStripMenuItem;

private System.Windows.Forms.MenuStrip menuStrip1;

private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStrip toolStrip1;

private System.Windows.Forms.Button set;

}

/*******************/

/* Form1.cs */

/*******************/

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Data;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Text;

using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace dynamicToolbar

{

public partial class Form1 : Form

{ //容器

private List<ToolStripMenuItem> lMenuItems;

public Form1()

{

InitializeComponent();

}

private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{ //加载菜单项到容器

lMenuItems = new List<ToolStripMenuItem>();

foreach (ToolStripMenuItem mItem in this.menuStrip1.Items)

{

Items(mItem);

}

#region 菜单事件

private void Menu_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

string itemName = ((ToolStripItem)sender).Name;

switch (itemName[0])

{

case 'f': first_Click(sender, e); break;

case 's': second_Click(sender, e); break;

case 't': third_Click(sender, e); break;

}

private void third_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

MessageBox.Show("这是菜单“Third”的事件处理函数");

}

private void second_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

MessageBox.Show("这是菜单“Second”的事件处理函数");

}

private void first_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

string itemName = ((ToolStripItem)sender).Name;

string showString = null;

switch (itemName)

{

case "f11": showString = "菜单项“" + this.f11.Name + "”被按下了"; break;

case "f12": showString = "菜单项“" + this.f12.Name + "”被按下了"; break;

case "f2": showString = "菜单项“" + this.f2.Name + "”被按下了"; break;

case "f31": showString = "菜单项“" + this.f31.Name + "”被按下了"; break;

default: break;

}

if (showString != null)

MessageBox.Show(showString);

}

#endregion

//递归遍历DropDownItem函数

private ToolStripMenuItem Items(ToolStripMenuItem tsItem)

{ //结束条件判定

if (tsItem.DropDownItems.Count <= 0) return tsItem;

else

{ //遍历各子树

ToolStripMenuItem value = null;//临时变量

foreach (ToolStripMenuItem mItem in tsItem.DropDownItems)

{

value = Items(mItem);//递归遍历mItem子树

if (value != null && lMenuItems != null)

lMenuItems.Add(value);

}

return null;

}//递归遍历DropDownItem函数<END>

//动态设置工具栏函数

private void btnSet_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

seting fset = new seting();

foreach (ToolStripMenuItem mitem in lMenuItems)

{

if (mitem.Name != new ToolStripSeparator().Name)

fset.listBox1.Items.Add(mitem.Name);

}

if (fset.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)

{

foreach (string mn in fset.listBox1.SelectedItems)

{ //如果toolStrip1还没有加载，加载之

if (toolStrip1 == null)

{

toolStrip1 = new ToolStrip();

toolStrip1.Top = menuStrip1.Bottom + 1;

toolStrip1.Left = menuStrip1.Left;

toolStrip1.Name = "toolStrip1";

toolStrip1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(292, 25);

toolStrip1.TabIndex = 2;

toolStrip1.Text = "toolStrip1";

Controls.Add(this.toolStrip1);//将工具栏添加到窗口上

}

//找到与列表框中对应的DropDownItem，添加之

int i = 0;

while (i < lMenuItems.Count && mn != lMenuItems[i].Name)

{ i++; }

if (i < lMenuItems.Count)

{

//给ToolStrip动态添加

toolStrip1.Items.Add(new ToolStripButton(

lMenuItems[i].Text,

lMenuItems[i].Image,

new System.EventHandler(Menu_Click),

lMenuItems[i].Name

)

);

lMenuItems.Remove(lMenuItems[i]);//把已经添加过的从列表中去除

}

i = 0;

}

}//动态设置工具栏函数<END>

}

/********************/

/*seting.Designer.cs*/

/********************/

namespace dynamicToolbar

{

partial class seting

{

/// <summary>

/// Required designer variable.

/// </summary>

private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

/// <summary>

/// Clean up any resources being used.

/// </summary>

/// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>

protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)

{

if (disposing && (components != null))

{

components.Dispose();

}

base.Dispose(disposing);

}

#region Windows Form Designer generated code

/// <summary>

/// Required method for Designer support - do not modify

/// the contents of this method with the code editor.

/// </summary>

private void InitializeComponent()

{

this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

this.listBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox();

this.SuspendLayout();

// button1

this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(128, 238);

this.button1.Name = "button1";

this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);

this.button1.TabIndex = 1;

this.button1.Text = "add";

this.button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);

// button2

this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(209, 238);

this.button2.Name = "button2";

this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23);

this.button2.TabIndex = 2;

this.button2.Text = "取消";

this.button2.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

// listBox1

this.listBox1.FormattingEnabled = true;

this.listBox1.ItemHeight = 12;

this.listBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 12);

this.listBox1.Name = "listBox1";

this.listBox1.SelectionMode = System.Windows.Forms.SelectionMode.MultiSimple;

this.listBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(268, 220);

this.listBox1.TabIndex = 3;

// seting

this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);

this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;

this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(292, 266);

this.Controls.Add(this.listBox1);

this.Controls.Add(this.button2);

this.Controls.Add(this.button1);

this.Name = "seting";

this.Text = "seting";

this.ResumeLayout(false);

}

#endregion

private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;

private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;

public System.Windows.Forms.ListBox listBox1;

}

/********************/

/*seting.Designer.cs*/

/********************/

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Data;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Text;

using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace dynamicToolbar

{

public partial class seting : Form

{

public seting()

{

InitializeComponent();

}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

this.DialogResult = DialogResult.OK;

this.Close();

}