Build a Simple Program Using Boost in(std::cin) : What does it mean?

From:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8262994/instdcin-what-does-it-mean

In the first example of Boost, in(std::cin) is used. I think in() get an istream and create some kind of iterator. However, I could not find any C++ documentation that explain it in detail. Could you please help me to find one?

here is the copy and paste of the example from the Boost webpage:

#include <boost/lambda/lambda.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>

int main()
{
   using namespace boost::lambda;
   typedef std::istream_iterator<int> in;
   std::for_each(
   in(std::cin), in(), std::cout << (_1 * 3) << " " );
}

otice the typedef in the code:

typedef std::istream_iterator<int> in;

Thus, in(...) is the same as std::istream_iterator<int>(...): it's calling the constructor for that type. There is a 1-argument constructor which accepts a std::istream, creating an iterator that represents the current point in that stream; and a 0-argument constructor creating an iterator that represents the end of any given stream. So std::for_each will iterate over every value provided bystd::cin from now until it runs out.

std::istream_iterator<int> takes a stream and provides an iterator over the ints in the stream, using operator>> to read them out of the stream.

However, I could not find any C++ documentation that explain it in detail.

I don't know how you could possibly fail. I put std::istream_iterator<int> into Google and the first result was http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/istream_iterator.html which is pretty thorough, assuming you're already familiar with iterators. The next result ishttp://www.cplusplus.com/reference/std/iterator/istream_iterator/ which makes another attempt to explain things and is also fully detailed. Next comes http://stdcxx.apache.org/doc/stdlibref/istream-iterator.html , similarly, which finally explicitly mentions operator>> instead of just talking about formatted I/O operations (which is what operator>> does). Next comes a page with some C++ example snippets, then a couple of StackOverflow questions where people were trying to do something similar, etc....

in is just a typedef for std::istream_iterator<int> so the example is just callingstd::for_each on a "range" defined by the two temporary iterators:std::istream_iterator<int>(std::cin) and std::istream_iterator<int>().

A value-inititalized istream_iterator is just a universal "end" iterator for streams.

How std::cout << (_1 * 3) << " " works is more subtle. Because _1 comes from theboost::lambda namespace, it ensures that the operators * and then << from theboost::lambda namespace are used, rather than an operator<< that acts directly on astd::ostream. This way the whole expression becomes a lambda rather than (any part of it) being executed as a conventional expression at the call site of for_each.

typedef std::istream_iterator<int> in;

Thus in(std::cin) is an iterator over integers, used by std::for_each, that reads from stdin (cin) and multiplies them by 3 and prints them out.