迭代器是为实现通用而做的抽象
与不同类型的容器一起工作而不必了解那些容器的底层结构
绝大多数容器支持迭代器
//: C07:Apply.cpp
// From "Thinking in C++, Volume 2", by Bruce Eckel & Chuck Allison.
// (c) 1995-2004 MindView, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
// See source code use permissions stated in the file 'License.txt',
// distributed with the code package available at www.MindView.net.
// Using simple iteration.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
using namespace std;
template<class Cont, class PtrMemFun>
void apply(Cont& c, PtrMemFun f) {
typename Cont::iterator it = c.begin();
while(it != c.end()) {
((*it).*f)(); // Alternate form
++it;
}
}
class Z {
int i;
public:
Z(int ii) : i(ii) {}
void g() { ++i; }
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Z& z) {
return os << z.i;
}
};
int main() {
ostream_iterator<Z> out(cout, " ");
vector<Z> vz;
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
vz.push_back(Z(i));
copy(vz.begin(), vz.end(), out);
cout << endl;
apply(vz, &Z::g);
copy(vz.begin(), vz.end(), out);
getchar();
} ///:~
输出
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
函数模板apply()为容器中的每个对象调用一个成员函数
私有一个指向成员函数的指针作为参数进行传递
更容易的私有for_each()或者transform()两者之间中任一个函数应用到序列