"""Append module search paths for third-party packages
to sys.path.
****************************************************************
* This module is au
tomatically imported during initialization. *
****************************************************************
This will append site-specific paths
to the module search path. On
Unix (including Mac OSX), it starts with
sys.prefix and
sys.exec_prefix (if different) and appends
lib/python<version>/site-packages.
On o
ther platforms (such as
Windows), it tries each of
the
prefixes directly, as well as with lib/site-packages appended.
The
resulting direc
tories, if
they exist, are appended
to sys.path, and
also inspected for path configuration files.
If a file named "pyvenv.cfg" exists one direc
tory above
sys.executable,
sys.prefix and
sys.exec_prefix are set
to that direc
tory and
it is also checked for site-packages (
sys.base_prefix and
sys.base_exec_prefix will always be
the "real" prefixes of
the Python
installation). If "pyvenv.cfg" (a bootstrap configuration file) contains
the key "include-
system-site-packages" set
to anything o
ther than "false"
(case-insensitive),
the system-level prefixes will still also be
searched for site-packages; o
therwise
they won't.
All of
the resulting site-specific direc
tories, if
they exist, are
appended
to sys.path, and also inspected for path configuration
files.
A path configuration file is a file whose name has
the form
<package>.pth; its contents are additional direc
tories (one per line)
to be added
to sys.path. Non-existing direc
tories (or
non-direc
tories) are never added
to sys.path; no direc
tory is added
to
sys.path more than once. Blank lines and lines beginning with
'#' are skipped. Lines starting with 'import' are executed.
For example, suppose
sys.prefix and
sys.exec_prefix are set
to
/usr/local and
there is a direc
tory /usr/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages
with three subdirec
tories, foo, bar and spam, and two path
configuration files, foo.pth and bar.pth. Assume foo.pth contains
the
following:
# foo package configuration
foo
bar
bletch
and bar.pth contains:
# bar package configuration
bar
Then
the following direc
tories are added
to sys.path, in this order:
/usr/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/bar
/usr/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/foo
Note that bletch is omitted because it doesn't exist; bar precedes foo
because bar.pth comes alphabetically before foo.pth; and spam is
omitted because it is not mentioned in ei
ther path configuration file.
The readline module is also au
tomatically configured
to enable
completion for
systems that support it. This can be overridden in
sitecus
tomize, usercus
tomize or PYTHONSTARTUP. Starting Python in
isolated mode (-I) disables au
tomatic readline configuration.
After
these operations, an attempt is made
to import a module
named sitecus
tomize, which can perform arbitrary additional
site-specific cus
tomizations. If this import fails with an
ImportError exception, it is silently ignored.
"""
import
sys
import os
import builtins
import _sitebuiltins
import io
import stat
import errno
# Prefixes for site-packages; add additional prefixes like /usr/local here
PREFIXES = [
sys.prefix,
sys.exec_prefix]
# Enable per user site-packages direc
tory
# set it
to False
to disable
the feature or True
to force
the feature
ENABLE_USER_SITE = None
# for distutils.commands.install
#
These values are initialized by
the getuserbase() and getusersitepackages()
# functions, through
the main() function when Python starts.
USER_SITE = None
USER_BASE = None
def _trace(message):
if
sys.flags.verbose:
print(message, file=
sys.stderr)
def makepath(*paths):
dir = os.path.join(*paths)
try:
dir = os.path.abspath(dir)
except OSError:
pass
return dir, os.path.normcase(dir)
def abs_paths():
"""Set all module __file__ and __cached__ attributes
to an absolute path"""
for m in set(
sys.modules.values()):
loader_module = None
try:
loader_module = m.__loader__.__module__
except AttributeError:
try:
loader_module = m.__spec__.loader.__module__
except AttributeError:
pass
if loader_module not in {'_frozen_importlib', '_frozen_importlib_external'}:
continue # don't mess with a PEP 302-supplied __file__
try:
m.__file__ = os.path.abspath(m.__file__)
except (AttributeError, OSError, TypeError):
pass
try:
m.__cached__ = os.path.abspath(m.__cached__)
except (AttributeError, OSError, TypeError):
pass
def removeduppaths():
""" Remove duplicate entries from
sys.path along with making
them
absolute"""
# This ensures that
the initial path provided by
the interpreter contains
# only absolute pathnames, even if we're running from
the build direc
tory.
L = []
known_paths = set()
for dir in
sys.path:
# Filter out duplicate paths (on case-insensitive file
systems also
# if
they only differ in case); turn relative paths in
to absolute
# paths.
dir, dircase = makepath(dir)
if dircase not in known_paths:
L.append(dir)
known_paths.add(dircase)
sys.path[:] = L
return known_paths
def _init_pathinfo():
"""Return a set containing all existing file
system items from
sys.path."""
d = set()
for item in
sys.path:
try:
if os.path.exists(item):
_, itemcase = makepath(item)
d.add(itemcase)
except TypeError:
continue
return d
def addpackage(sitedir, name, known_paths):
"""Process a .pth file within
the site-packages direc
tory:
For each line in
the file, ei
ther combine it with sitedir
to a path
and add that
to known_paths, or execute it if it starts with 'import '.
"""
if known_paths is None:
known_paths = _init_pathinfo()
reset = True
else:
reset = False
fullname = os.path.join(sitedir, name)
try:
st = os.lstat(fullname)
except OSError:
return
if ((getattr(st, 'st_flags', 0) & stat.UF_HIDDEN) or
(getattr(st, 'st_file_attributes', 0) & stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN)):
_trace(f"Skipping hidden .pth file: {fullname!r}")
return
_trace(f"Processing .pth file: {fullname!r}")
try:
with io.open_code(fullname) as f:
pth_content = f.read()
except OSError:
return
try:
# Accept BOM markers in .pth files as we do in source files
# (
Windows PowerShell 5.1 makes it hard
to emit UTF-8 files without a BOM)
pth_content = pth_content.decode("utf-8-sig")
except UnicodeDecodeError:
# Fallback
to locale encoding for backward compatibility.
# We will deprecate this fallback in
the future.
import locale
pth_content = pth_content.decode(locale.getencoding())
_trace(f"Cannot read {fullname!r} as UTF-8. "
f"Using fallback encoding {locale.getencoding()!r}")
for n, line in enumerate(pth_content.splitlines(), 1):
if line.startswith("#"):
continue
if line.strip() == "":
continue
try:
if line.startswith(("import ", "import\t")):
exec(line)
continue
line = line.rstrip()
dir, dircase = makepath(sitedir, line)
if dircase not in known_paths and os.path.exists(dir):
sys.path.append(dir)
known_paths.add(dircase)
except Exception as exc:
print(f"Error processing line {n:d} of {fullname}:\n",
file=
sys.stderr)
import traceback
for record in traceback.format_exception(exc):
for line in record.splitlines():
print(' '+line, file=
sys.stderr)
print("\nRemainder of file ignored", file=
sys.stderr)
break
if reset:
known_paths = None
return known_paths
def addsitedir(sitedir, known_paths=None):
"""Add 'sitedir' argument
to sys.path if missing and handle .pth files in
'sitedir'"""
_trace(f"Adding direc
tory: {sitedir!r}")
if known_paths is None:
known_paths = _init_pathinfo()
reset = True
else:
reset = False
sitedir, sitedircase = makepath(sitedir)
if not sitedircase in known_paths:
sys.path.append(sitedir) # Add path component
known_paths.add(sitedircase)
try:
names = os.listdir(sitedir)
except OSError:
return
names = [name for name in names
if name.endswith(".pth") and not name.startswith(".")]
for name in sorted(names):
addpackage(sitedir, name, known_paths)
if reset:
known_paths = None
return known_paths
def check_enableusersite():
"""Check if user site direc
tory is safe for inclusion
The function tests for
the command line flag (including environment var),
process uid/gid equal
to effective uid/gid.
None: Disabled for security reasons
False: Disabled by user (command line option)
True: Safe and enabled
"""
if
sys.flags.no_user_site:
return False
if hasattr(os, "getuid") and hasattr(os, "geteuid"):
# check process uid == effective uid
if os.geteuid() != os.getuid():
return None
if hasattr(os, "getgid") and hasattr(os, "getegid"):
# check process gid == effective gid
if os.getegid() != os.getgid():
return None
return True
# NOTE:
sysconfig and it's dependencies are relatively large but site module
# needs very limited part of
them.
#
To speedup startup time, we have copy of
them.
#
# See https://bugs.python.org/issue29585
# Copy of
sysconfig._get_implementation()
def _get_implementation():
return 'Python'
# Copy of
sysconfig._getuserbase()
def _getuserbase():
env_base = os.environ.get("PYTHONUSERBASE", None)
if env_base:
return env_base
# Emscripten, iOS, tvOS, VxWorks, WASI, and watchOS have no home direc
tories
if
sys.platform in {"emscripten", "ios", "tvos", "vxworks", "wasi", "watchos"}:
return None
def joinuser(*args):
return os.path.expanduser(os.path.join(*args))
if os.name == "nt":
base = os.environ.get("APPDATA") or "~"
return joinuser(base, _get_implementation())
if
sys.platform == "darwin" and
sys._framework:
return joinuser("~", "Library",
sys._framework,
"%d.%d" %
sys.version_info[:2])
return joinuser("~", ".local")
# Same
to sysconfig.get_path('purelib', os.name+'_user')
def _get_path(userbase):
version =
sys.version_info
if hasattr(
sys, 'abiflags') and 't' in
sys.abiflags:
abi_thread = 't'
else:
abi_thread = ''
implementation = _get_implementation()
implementation_lower = implementation.lower()
if os.name == 'nt':
ver_nodot =
sys.winver.replace('.', '')
return f'{userbase}\\{implementation}{ver_nodot}\\site-packages'
if
sys.platform == 'darwin' and
sys._framework:
return f'{userbase}/lib/{implementation_lower}/site-packages'
return f'{userbase}/lib/python{version[0]}.{version[1]}{abi_thread}/site-packages'
def getuserbase():
"""Returns
the `user base` direc
tory path.
The `user base` direc
tory can be used
to s
tore data. If
the global
variable ``USER_BASE`` is not initialized yet, this function will also set
it.
"""
global USER_BASE
if USER_BASE is None:
USER_BASE = _getuserbase()
return USER_BASE
def getusersitepackages():
"""Returns
the user-specific site-packages direc
tory path.
If
the global variable ``USER_SITE`` is not initialized yet, this
function will also set it.
"""
global USER_SITE, ENABLE_USER_SITE
userbase = getuserbase() # this will also set USER_BASE
if USER_SITE is None:
if userbase is None:
ENABLE_USER_SITE = False # disable user site and return None
else:
USER_SITE = _get_path(userbase)
return USER_SITE
def addusersitepackages(known_paths):
"""Add a per user site-package
to sys.path
Each user has its own python direc
tory with site-packages in
the
home direc
tory.
"""
# get
the per user site-package path
# this call will also make sure USER_BASE and USER_SITE are set
_trace("Processing user site-packages")
user_site = getusersitepackages()
if ENABLE_USER_SITE and os.path.isdir(user_site):
addsitedir(user_site, known_paths)
return known_paths
def getsitepackages(prefixes=None):
"""Returns a list containing all global site-packages direc
tories.
For each direc
tory present in ``prefixes`` (or
the global ``PREFIXES``),
this function will find its `site-packages` subdirec
tory depending on
the
system environment, and will return a list of full paths.
"""
sitepackages = []
seen = set()
if prefixes is None:
prefixes = PREFIXES
for prefix in prefixes:
if not prefix or prefix in seen:
continue
seen.add(prefix)
implementation = _get_implementation().lower()
ver =
sys.version_info
if hasattr(
sys, 'abiflags') and 't' in
sys.abiflags:
abi_thread = 't'
else:
abi_thread = ''
if os.sep == '/':
libdirs = [
sys.platlibdir]
if
sys.platlibdir != "lib":
libdirs.append("lib")
for libdir in libdirs:
path = os.path.join(prefix, libdir,
f"{implementation}{ver[0]}.{ver[1]}{abi_thread}",
"site-packages")
sitepackages.append(path)
else:
sitepackages.append(prefix)
sitepackages.append(os.path.join(prefix, "Lib", "site-packages"))
return sitepackages
def addsitepackages(known_paths, prefixes=None):
"""Add site-packages
to sys.path"""
_trace("Processing global site-packages")
for sitedir in getsitepackages(prefixes):
if os.path.isdir(sitedir):
addsitedir(sitedir, known_paths)
return known_paths
def setquit():
"""Define new builtins 'quit' and 'exit'.
These are
objects which make
the interpreter exit when called.
The repr of each
object contains a hint at
how it works.
"""
if os.sep == '\\':
eof = 'Ctrl-Z plus Return'
else:
eof = 'Ctrl-D (i.e. EOF)'
builtins.quit = _sitebuiltins.Quitter('quit', eof)
builtins.exit = _sitebuiltins.Quitter('exit', eof)
def setcopyright():
"""Set 'copyright' and 'credits' in builtins"""
builtins.copyright = _sitebuiltins._Printer("copyright",
sys.copyright)
builtins.credits = _sitebuiltins._Printer("credits", """\
Thanks
to CWI, CNRI, BeOpen, Zope Corporation,
the Python Software
Foundation, and a cast of thousands for supporting Python
development. See www.python.org for more information.""")
files, dirs = [], []
# Not all modules are required
to have a __file__ attribute. See
# PEP 420 for more details.
here = getattr(
sys, '_stdlib_dir', None)
if not here and hasattr(os, '__file__'):
here = os.path.dirname(os.__file__)
if here:
files.extend(["LICENSE.txt", "LICENSE"])
dirs.extend([os.path.join(here, os.pardir), here, os.curdir])
builtins.license = _sitebuiltins._Printer(
"license",
"See https://www.python.org/psf/license/",
files, dirs)
def se
thelper():
builtins.help = _sitebuiltins._Helper()
def gethis
toryfile():
"""Check if
the PYTHON_HIS
TORY environment variable is set and define
it as
the .python_his
tory file. If PYTHON_HIS
TORY is not set, use
the
default .python_his
tory file.
"""
if not
sys.flags.ignore_environment:
his
tory = os.environ.get("PYTHON_HIS
TORY")
if his
tory:
return his
tory
return os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'),
'.python_his
tory')
def enablerlcompleter():
"""Enable default readline configuration on interactive prompts, by
registering a
sys.__interactivehook__.
"""
sys.__interactivehook__ = register_readline
def register_readline():
"""Configure readline completion on interactive prompts.
If
the readline module can be imported,
the hook will set
the Tab key
as completion key and register ~/.python_his
tory as his
tory file.
This can be overridden in
the sitecus
tomize or usercus
tomize module,
or in a PYTHONSTARTUP file.
"""
if not
sys.flags.ignore_environment:
PYTHON_BASIC_REPL = os.getenv("PYTHON_BASIC_REPL")
else:
PYTHON_BASIC_REPL = False
import atexit
try:
try:
import readline
except ImportError:
readline = None
else:
import rlcompleter # noqa: F401
except ImportError:
return
try:
if PYTHON_BASIC_REPL:
CAN_USE_PYREPL = False
else:
original_path =
sys.path
sys.path = [p for p in original_path if p != '']
try:
import _pyrepl.readline
if os.name == "nt":
import _pyrepl.
windows_console
console_errors = (_pyrepl.
windows_console._error,)
else:
import _pyrepl.unix_console
console_errors = _pyrepl.unix_console._error
from _pyrepl.main import CAN_USE_PYREPL
finally:
sys.path = original_path
except ImportError:
return
if readline is not None:
# Reading
the initialization (config) file may not be enough
to set a
# completion key, so we set one
first and
then read
the file.
if readline.backend == 'editline':
readline.parse_and_bind('bind ^I rl_complete')
else:
readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')
try:
readline.read_init_file()
except OSError:
# An OSError here could have many causes, but
the most likely one
# is that
there's no .inputrc file (or .editrc file in
the case of
# Mac OS X + libedit) in
the expected location. In that case, we
# want
to ignore
the exception.
pass
if readline is None or readline.get_current_his
tory_length() == 0:
# If no his
tory was loaded, default
to .python_his
tory,
# or PYTHON_HIS
TORY.
#
The guard is necessary
to avoid doubling his
tory size at
# each interpreter exit when readline was already configured
# through a PYTHONSTARTUP hook, see:
# http://bugs.python.org/issue5845#msg198636
his
tory = gethis
toryfile()
if CAN_USE_PYREPL:
readline_module = _pyrepl.readline
exceptions = (OSError, *console_errors)
else:
if readline is None:
return
readline_module = readline
exceptions = OSError
try:
readline_module.read_his
tory_file(his
tory)
except exceptions:
pass
def write_his
tory():
try:
readline_module.write_his
tory_file(his
tory)
except (FileNotFoundError, PermissionError):
# home direc
tory does not exist or is not writable
# https://bugs.python.org/issue19891
pass
except OSError:
if errno.EROFS:
pass # gh-128066: read-only file
system
else:
raise
atexit.register(write_his
tory)
def venv(known_paths):
global PREFIXES, ENABLE_USER_SITE
env = os.environ
if
sys.platform == 'darwin' and '__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__' in env:
executable =
sys._base_executable = os.environ['__PYVENV_LAUNCHER__']
else:
executable =
sys.executable
exe_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(executable))
site_prefix = os.path.dirname(exe_dir)
sys._home = None
conf_basename = 'pyvenv.cfg'
candidate_conf = next(
(
conffile for conffile in (
os.path.join(exe_dir, conf_basename),
os.path.join(site_prefix, conf_basename)
)
if os.path.isfile(conffile)
),
None
)
if candidate_conf:
virtual_conf = candidate_conf
system_site = "true"
# Issue 25185: Use UTF-8, as that's what
the venv module uses when
# writing
the file.
with open(virtual_conf, encoding='utf-8') as f:
for line in f:
if '=' in line:
key, _, value = line.partition('=')
key = key.strip().lower()
value = value.strip()
if key == 'include-
system-site-packages':
system_site = value.lower()
elif key == 'home':
sys._home = value
sys.prefix =
sys.exec_prefix = site_prefix
# Doing this here ensures venv takes precedence over user-site
addsitepackages(known_paths, [
sys.prefix])
# addsitepackages will process site_prefix again if its in PREFIXES,
# but that's ok; known_paths will prevent anything being added twice
if
system_site == "true":
PREFIXES.insert(0,
sys.prefix)
else:
PREFIXES = [
sys.prefix]
ENABLE_USER_SITE = False
return known_paths
def execsitecus
tomize():
"""Run cus
tom site specific code, if available."""
try:
try:
import sitecus
tomize
except ImportError as exc:
if exc.name == 'sitecus
tomize':
pass
else:
raise
except Exception as err:
if
sys.flags.verbose:
sys.excepthook(*
sys.exc_info())
else:
sys.stderr.write(
"Error in sitecus
tomize; set PYTHONVERBOSE for traceback:\n"
"%s: %s\n" %
(err.__class__.__name__, err))
def execusercus
tomize():
"""Run cus
tom user specific code, if available."""
try:
try:
import usercus
tomize
except ImportError as exc:
if exc.name == 'usercus
tomize':
pass
else:
raise
except Exception as err:
if
sys.flags.verbose:
sys.excepthook(*
sys.exc_info())
else:
sys.stderr.write(
"Error in usercus
tomize; set PYTHONVERBOSE for traceback:\n"
"%s: %s\n" %
(err.__class__.__name__, err))
def main():
"""Add standard site-specific direc
tories
to the module search path.
This function is called au
tomatically when this module is imported,
unless
the python interpreter was started with
the -S flag.
"""
global ENABLE_USER_SITE
orig_path =
sys.path[:]
known_paths = removeduppaths()
if orig_path !=
sys.path:
# removeduppaths() might make
sys.path absolute.
# fix __file__ and __cached__ of already imported modules
too.
abs_paths()
known_paths = venv(known_paths)
if ENABLE_USER_SITE is None:
ENABLE_USER_SITE = check_enableusersite()
known_paths = addusersitepackages(known_paths)
known_paths = addsitepackages(known_paths)
setquit()
setcopyright()
se
thelper()
if not
sys.flags.isolated:
enablerlcompleter()
execsitecus
tomize()
if ENABLE_USER_SITE:
execusercus
tomize()
# Prevent extending of
sys.path when python was started with -S and
# site is imported later.
if not
sys.flags.no_site:
main()
def _script():
help = """\
%s [--user-base] [--user-site]
Without arguments print some useful information
With arguments print
the value of USER_BASE and/or USER_SITE separated
by '%s'.
Exit codes with --user-base or --user-site:
0 - user site direc
tory is enabled
1 - user site direc
tory is disabled by user
2 - user site direc
tory is disabled by super user
or for security reasons
>2 - unknown error
"""
args =
sys.argv[1:]
if not args:
user_base = getuserbase()
user_site = getusersitepackages()
print("
sys.path = [")
for dir in
sys.path:
print(" %r," % (dir,))
print("]")
def exists(path):
if path is not None and os.path.isdir(path):
return "exists"
else:
return "doesn't exist"
print(f"USER_BASE: {user_base!r} ({exists(user_base)})")
print(f"USER_SITE: {user_site!r} ({exists(user_site)})")
print(f"ENABLE_USER_SITE: {ENABLE_USER_SITE!r}")
sys.exit(0)
buffer = []
if '--user-base' in args:
buffer.append(USER_BASE)
if '--user-site' in args:
buffer.append(USER_SITE)
if buffer:
print(os.pathsep.join(buffer))
if ENABLE_USER_SITE:
sys.exit(0)
elif ENABLE_USER_SITE is False:
sys.exit(1)
elif ENABLE_USER_SITE is None:
sys.exit(2)
else:
sys.exit(3)
else:
import textwrap
print(textwrap.dedent(help % (
sys.argv[0], os.pathsep)))
sys.exit(10)
if __name__ == '__main__':
_script()
本文详细介绍了如何使用Windows Driver Kit (WDK) 7.0搭建和编译第一个驱动程序，从编写hello.c源代码、设置makefile和sources文件到最终安装并运行内核驱动，包括安装服务、启动和结束服务的过程。
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