linux LVM创建和扩容

版本

[root@station mapper]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@x86-017.build.eng.bos.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.8.2 20140120 (Red Hat 4.8.2-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Mon May 5 11:16:57 EDT 2014

创建PV-VG-LV

1、查看磁盘
[root@station ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xb2e9457d

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048     6293503     3145728   83  Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/rhce-iscsi_vol: 3217 MB, 3217031168 bytes, 6283264 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa65fd8a6

                     Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/mapper/rhce-iscsi_vol1            8192     3489791     1740800   83  Linux
[root@station ~]# 

2、磁盘分区
[root@station ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p):  
Using default response p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 
First sector (6293504-20971519, default 6293504): 
Using default value 6293504
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (6293504-20971519, default 20971519): +1G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@station ~]# 

3、创建pv
[root@station ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb2
  Physical volume /dev/vdb2 not found
  Device /dev/vdb2 not found (or ignored by filtering).
由于是刚创建的pv，信息没有同步，所以报错设备找不到
[root@station /]# partprobe
device-mapper: reload ioctl on rhce-iscsi_vol1 failed: Invalid argument
device-mapper: remove ioctl on rhce-iscsi_vol1 failed: No such device or address
[root@station /]# pvcreate /dev/vdb2
  Physical volume "/dev/vdb2" successfully created

4、创建vg
[root@station mapper]# vgcreate vo_vg /dev/vdb2
  Volume group "vo_vg" successfully created

5、创建lv
[root@station mapper]# lvcreate -L 200M -n vo_lv vo_vg
  Logical volume "vo_lv" created
[root@station mapper]# ls -l
total 0
crw-------. 1 root root 10, 236 Jun 13 19:21 control
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 Jun 13 22:22 rhce-iscsi_vol -> ../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 Jun 13 22:29 vo_vg-vo_lv -> ../dm-1
[root@station mapper]# 

6、lv创建文件系统
[root@station mapper]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vo_vg-vo_lv
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
51200 inodes, 204800 blocks
10240 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=33816576
25 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

[root@station mapper]# 

7、挂载文件系统
[root@station mapper]# mkdir /vo_lv

[root@station mapper]# cat /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed May  7 01:22:57 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1 /                       xfs     defaults        1 1
/dev/mapper/vo_vg-vo_lv                   /vo_lv                  ext4    defaults        0 0
[root@station mapper]# 

[root@station mapper]# mount -a
[root@station mapper]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1                 10G  3.3G  6.8G  33% /
devtmpfs                 906M     0  906M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    921M   84K  921M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    921M   17M  904M   2% /run
tmpfs                    921M     0  921M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vo_vg-vo_lv  190M  1.6M  175M   1% /vo_lv

ext4文件系统LV扩容
8、查看需扩容lv的文件系统类型（ext4和xfs文件系统扩容不同，此处为ext4扩容方式）
[root@station mapper]# lsblk -f
NAME               FSTYPE      LABEL UUID                                   MOUNTPOINT
vda                                                                         
└─vda1             xfs               9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1   /
vdb                                                                         
├─vdb1             LVM2_member       CPb1VX-KaAB-MNLI-TcIB-XVt9-4UE5-LlaG2T 
│ └─rhce-iscsi_vol                                                          
└─vdb2             LVM2_member       MlOa9D-XH4d-n4Xn-Sief-t16B-0ktI-mqj11P 
  └─vo_vg-vo_lv    ext4              eb51e7c8-5129-483d-b66e-de1da5692cf6   /vo_lv
也可用parted -l查看
[root@station mapper]# parted -l
Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/vo_vg-vo_lv: 210MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End    Size   File system  Flags
 1      0.00B  210MB  210MB  ext4

9、查看lv所属的vg是否有空余空间
[root@station mapper]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vo_vg/vo_lv
  LV Name                vo_lv
  VG Name                vo_vg
  LV UUID                0nZkWe-Slw6-E6aa-TZic-1dJF-7JKm-NPrda1
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time station.domain1.example.com, 2020-06-13 22:29:12 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                200.00 MiB
  Current LE             50
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           252:1

[root@station mapper]# vgdisplay vo_vg
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vo_vg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               1020.00 MiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              255
  Alloc PE / Size       50 / 200.00 MiB
  Free  PE / Size       205 / 820.00 MiB
  VG UUID               BgfZ4K-02hY-0u0o-R20D-L9tF-OpDT-qJI4CW
   
[root@station mapper]# 

10、扩展前卸载设备和挂载点的关联
[root@station mapper]# umount /vo_lv

11、扩容lv，注意此处的300M为扩容后lv的总大小，不是添加300M。
[root@station mapper]# lvextend -L 300M -n /dev/vo_vg/vo_lv 
  Extending logical volume vo_lv to 300.00 MiB
  Logical volume vo_lv successfully resized
[root@station mapper]# 

12、检查硬盘完整性，并重置硬盘容量
[root@station mapper]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1                 10G  3.3G  6.8G  33% /
devtmpfs                 906M     0  906M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    921M   84K  921M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    921M   17M  904M   2% /run
tmpfs                    921M     0  921M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vo_vg-vo_lv  190M  1.6M  175M   1% /vo_lv
注意如果没有umount挂载设备，检查硬盘完整性无法进行，生产中如需扩容最好umount之后进行，因为如果扩容过程中有数据读写，可能会有数据丢失会错误等现象。
[root@station mapper]# e2fsck /dev/vo_vg/vo_lv
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
/dev/vo_vg/vo_lv is mounted.
e2fsck: Cannot continue, aborting.

[root@station mapper]# resize2fs /dev/vo_vg/vo_lv
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/vo_vg/vo_lv is mounted on /vo_lv; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3
The filesystem on /dev/vo_vg/vo_lv is now 307200 blocks long.

[root@station mapper]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1                 10G  3.3G  6.8G  33% /
devtmpfs                 906M     0  906M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    921M   84K  921M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    921M   17M  904M   2% /run
tmpfs                    921M     0  921M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vo_vg-vo_lv  287M  2.1M  267M   1% /vo_lv
[root@station mapper]# 
 

13、重新挂载硬盘设备并查看挂载状态
[root@station mapper]# mount -a
[root@station mapper]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1                 10G  3.3G  6.8G  33% /
devtmpfs                 906M     0  906M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    921M   84K  921M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    921M   17M  904M   2% /run
tmpfs                    921M     0  921M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vo_vg-vo_lv  287M  2.1M  267M   1% /vo_lv
[root@station mapper]# df -H
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1                 11G  3.5G  7.3G  33% /
devtmpfs                 950M     0  950M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    966M   87k  966M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    966M   18M  948M   2% /run
tmpfs                    966M     0  966M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vo_vg-vo_lv  301M  2.2M  280M   1% /vo_lv
[root@station mapper]# 

14、LV的信息
[root@station mapper]# cd /dev/vo_vg
[root@station vo_vg]# ls
vo_lv
[root@station vo_vg]# ls -l
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Jun 13 22:51 vo_lv -> ../dm-1
[root@station vo_vg]# cd /dev/mapper
[root@station mapper]# ls -l
total 0
crw-------. 1 root root 10, 236 Jun 13 19:21 control
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 Jun 13 22:39 rhce-iscsi_vol -> ../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root       7 Jun 13 22:51 vo_vg-vo_lv -> ../dm-1
[root@station mapper]#