在Centos7中安装Python 3.6.3（不删除系统自带的2.7.5）

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-20 14:45:34 发布

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#python3 #python2 #centos

这篇博客详细记录了如何在Centos7环境中安装Python 3.6.3，同时保留系统默认的Python 2.7.5。通过使用yum utilities安装IUS repository，然后安装python36u及其依赖，最后安装pip3.6并展示其基本用法。

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[vagrant@localhost ~]$ sudo yum install yum-utils

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirrors.aliyun.com

* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

* extras: mirrors.shuosc.org

* updates: mirrors.shuosc.org

Package yum-utils-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch already installed and latest version

Nothing to do

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ sudo yum -y install https://centos7.iuscommunity.org/ius-release.rpm

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

ius-release.rpm | 8.1 kB 00:00:00

Examining /var/tmp/yum-root-bgDYJp/ius-release.rpm: ius-release-1.0-15.ius.centos7.noarch

Marking /var/tmp/yum-root-bgDYJp/ius-release.rpm to be installed

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package ius-release.noarch 0:1.0-15.ius.centos7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

===================================================================================================================================================================================

Installing:

ius-release noarch 1.0-15.ius.centos7 /ius-release 8.5 k

Transaction Summary

===================================================================================================================================================================================

Install 1 Package

Total size: 8.5 k

Installed size: 8.5 k

Downloading packages:

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : ius-release-1.0-15.ius.centos7.noarch 1/1

Verifying : ius-release-1.0-15.ius.centos7.noarch 1/1

Installed:

ius-release.noarch 0:1.0-15.ius.centos7

Complete!

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ sudo yum install python36u

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

ius | 2.3 kB 00:00:00

ius/x86_64/primary_db | 234 kB 00:00:00

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirrors.aliyun.com

* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

* extras: mirrors.shuosc.org

* ius: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

* updates: mirrors.shuosc.org

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package python36u.x86_64 0:3.6.3-1.ius.centos7 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: python36u-libs(x86-64) = 3.6.3-1.ius.centos7 for package: python36u-3.6.3-1.ius.centos7.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libpython3.6m.so.1.0()(64bit) for package: python36u-3.6.3-1.ius.centos7.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package python36u-libs.x86_64 0:3.6.3-1.ius.centos7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

===================================================================================================================================================================================

Installing:

python36u x86_64 3.6.3-1.ius.centos7 ius 56 k

Installing for dependencies:

python36u-libs x86_64 3.6.3-1.ius.centos7 ius 8.7 M

Transaction Summary

===================================================================================================================================================================================

Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)

Total download size: 8.7 M

Installed size: 39 M

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/ius/packages/python36u-3.6.3-1.ius.centos7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 9cd4953f: NOKEY

Public key for python36u-3.6.3-1.ius.centos7.x86_64.rpm is not installed

(1/2): python36u-3.6.3-1.ius.centos7.x86_64.rpm | 56 kB 00:00:00

(2/2): python36u-libs-3.6.3-1.ius.centos7.x86_64.rpm | 8.7 MB 00:00:18

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 492 kB/s | 8.7 MB 00:00:18

Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/IUS-COMMUNITY-GPG-KEY

Importing GPG key 0x9CD4953F:

Userid : "IUS Community Project <coredev@iuscommunity.org>"

Fingerprint: 8b84 6e3a b3fe 6462 74e8 670f da22 1cdf 9cd4 953f

Package : ius-release-1.0-15.ius.centos7.noarch (installed)

From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/IUS-COMMUNITY-GPG-KEY

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : python36u-3.6.3-1.ius.centos7.x86_64 1/2

Installing : python36u-libs-3.6.3-1.ius.centos7.x86_64 2/2

Verifying : python36u-libs-3.6.3-1.ius.centos7.x86_64 1/2

Verifying : python36u-3.6.3-1.ius.centos7.x86_64 2/2

Installed:

python36u.x86_64 0:3.6.3-1.ius.centos7

Dependency Installed:

python36u-libs.x86_64 0:3.6.3-1.ius.centos7

Complete!

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ python3.6 -V

Python 3.6.3

再安装3.6对应的pip

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ sudo yum install python36u-pip

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: mirrors.aliyun.com

* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

* extras: mirrors.shuosc.org

* ius: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

* updates: mirrors.shuosc.org

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package python36u-pip.noarch 0:9.0.1-1.ius.centos7 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: python36u-setuptools for package: python36u-pip-9.0.1-1.ius.centos7.noarch

--> Running transaction check

---> Package python36u-setuptools.noarch 0:33.1.1-1.ius.centos7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

===================================================================================================================================================================================

Installing:

python36u-pip noarch 9.0.1-1.ius.centos7 ius 1.8 M

Installing for dependencies:

python36u-setuptools noarch 33.1.1-1.ius.centos7 ius 648 k

Transaction Summary

===================================================================================================================================================================================

Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)

Total download size: 2.4 M

Installed size: 12 M

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

(1/2): python36u-pip-9.0.1-1.ius.centos7.noarch.rpm | 1.8 MB 00:00:01

(2/2): python36u-setuptools-33.1.1-1.ius.centos7.noarch.rpm | 648 kB 00:00:01

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 1.3 MB/s | 2.4 MB 00:00:01

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : python36u-setuptools-33.1.1-1.ius.centos7.noarch 1/2

Installing : python36u-pip-9.0.1-1.ius.centos7.noarch 2/2

Verifying : python36u-setuptools-33.1.1-1.ius.centos7.noarch 1/2

Verifying : python36u-pip-9.0.1-1.ius.centos7.noarch 2/2

Installed:

python36u-pip.noarch 0:9.0.1-1.ius.centos7

Dependency Installed:

python36u-setuptools.noarch 0:33.1.1-1.ius.centos7

Complete!

[vagrant@localhost ~]$ pip3.6

Usage:

pip <command> [options]

Commands:

install Install packages.

download Download packages.

uninstall Uninstall packages.

freeze Output installed packages in requirements format.

list List installed packages.

show Show information about installed packages.

check Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.

search Search PyPI for packages.

wheel Build wheels from your requirements.

hash Compute hashes of package archives.

completion A helper command used for command completion.

help Show help for commands.

General Options:

-h, --help Show help.

--isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.

-v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.

-V, --version Show version and exit.

-q, --quiet Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).

--log <path> Path to a verbose appending log.

--proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.

--retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).

--timeout <sec> Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).

--exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.

--trusted-host <hostname> Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.

--cert <path> Path to alternate CA bundle.

--client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format.

--cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>.

--no-cache-dir Disable the cache.

--disable-pip-version-check

Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.

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