本文详细介绍了Android中通知的实现方式，包括如何创建和显示不同类型的Notification，如普通通知、自定义视图通知、下载进度通知及大布局通知等。同时探讨了PendingIntent的作用及其常用标志符。
通知的主要功能是提示功能。例如：短信、推送信息等等。
大体使用步骤：
1.获取状态通知栏管理
NotificationManager 是一个系统Service，所以必须通过getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE)方法来获取。
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notificationManager = (NotificationManager)
this
.getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
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2.实例化通知栏构造器NotificationCompat.Builder
3.设置NotificationCompat.Builder
4.设置PendingIntent
5.显示
方法或参数介绍：
1.PendingIntent
PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, requestCode, intent, flags)
PendingIntent.getActivities(context, requestCode, intents, flags)
PendingIntent.getService(context, requestCode, intent, flags)
中的flags属性参数：
FLAG_ONE_SHOT 表示返回的PendingIntent仅能执行一次，执行完后自动取消
FLAG_NO_CREATE 表示如果描述的PendingIntent不存在，并不创建相应的PendingIntent，而是返回NULL
FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT 表示相应的PendingIntent已经存在，则取消前者，然后创建新的PendingIntent
FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT 表示更新的PendingIntent
2.notification.flags参数介绍
Notification.FLAG_SHOW_LIGHTS //三色灯提醒，在使用三色灯提醒时候必须加该标志符
Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT //发起正在运行事件（活动中）
Notification.FLAG_INSISTENT //让声音、振动无限循环，直到用户响应 （取消或者打开）
Notification.FLAG_ONLY_ALERT_ONCE //发起Notification后，铃声和震动均只执行一次
Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL //用户单击通知后自动消失
Notification.FLAG_NO_CLEAR //只有全部清除时，Notification才会清除 ，不清楚该通知(QQ的通知无法清除，就是用的这个)
Notification.FLAG_FOREGROUND_SERVICE //表示正在运行的服务
使用方法：
在设置完属性后，设置
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Notification notification =builder.build();
notification.flags =Notification.FLAG_ONLY_ALERT_ONCE;
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3.setVibrate(long[] pattern)
设置震动，需要权限.
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<uses-permission android:name=
"android.permission.VIBRATE"
> </uses-permission>
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4.builder.setOngoing( )
设置为ture，表示它为一个正在进行的通知。简单的说，当为ture时，不可以被侧滑消失。
***************************************************************************************
使用自定义Notification，就要使用RemoteViews。
***************************************************************************************
使用实例：
图片：
实现代码：
MainActivity.java
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public
class
MainActivity
extends
Activity {
Button button, button2;
NotificationManager notificationManager;
public
final
static
String NEWS_LISTEN =
"broadcast"
;
// 用于自定义Notification，点击事件的验证
String remoteViewsText =
"未点击"
;
@Override
public
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
notificationManager = (NotificationManager)
this
.getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
IntentFilter filter =
new
IntentFilter();
filter.addAction(NEWS_LISTEN);
this
.registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver, filter);
}
public
void
click(View v) {
switch
(v.getId()) {
case
R.id.but:
// 使用普通的Notification
Notification.Builder builder =
new
Notification.Builder(
MainActivity.
this
);
Intent intent =
new
Intent(MainActivity.
this
, SecondActivity.
class
);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(
MainActivity.
this
,
0
, intent,
PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
builder.setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.close);
// 设置图标
builder.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis());
// 设置通知来到的时间
// builder.setAutoCancel(true);
builder.setContentTitle(
"标题"
);
// 设置通知的标题
builder.setContentText(
"内容"
);
// 设置通知的内容
builder.setTicker(
"状态栏上显示"
);
// 状态栏上显示
builder.setOngoing(
true
);
/*
* // 设置声音(手机中的音频文件) String path =
* Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() .getAbsolutePath() +
* "/Music/a.mp3"; File file = new File(path);
* builder.setSound(Uri.fromFile(file));
*/
// 获取Android多媒体库内的铃声
builder.setSound(Uri.withAppendedPath(
Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
"5"
));
// builder.setVibrate(new long[]{2000,1000,4000}); //需要真机测试
Notification notification = builder.build();
// notification.flags =Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT;
notificationManager.notify(
0
, notification);
break
;
case
R.id.but2:
// 使用自定义的Notification
// 3.0之前不支持Button
MyNotification();
break
;
case
R.id.but3:
// 使用下载的Notification,在4.0以后才能使用
final
Notification.Builder builder3 =
new
Notification.Builder(
MainActivity.
this
);
builder3.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
.setTicker(
"showProgressBar"
).setContentInfo(
"contentInfo"
)
.setOngoing(
true
).setContentTitle(
"ContentTitle"
)
.setContentText(
"ContentText"
);
// 模拟下载过程
new
Thread(
new
Runnable() {
@Override
public
void
run() {
int
progress =
0
;
for
(progress =
0
; progress <
100
; progress +=
5
) {
// 将setProgress的第三个参数设为true即可显示为无明确进度的进度条样式
builder3.setProgress(
100
, progress,
false
);
notificationManager.notify(
0
, builder3.build());
try
{
Thread.sleep(
1
*
1000
);
}
catch
(InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(
"sleep failure"
);
}
}
builder3.setContentTitle(
"Download complete"
)
.setProgress(
0
,
0
,
false
).setOngoing(
false
);
notificationManager.notify(
0
, builder3.build());
}
}).start();
break
;
case
R.id.but4:
// 大布局通知在4.1以后才能使用，BigTextStyle
Notification.BigTextStyle textStyle =
new
Notification.BigTextStyle();
textStyle.setBigContentTitle(
"大标题"
)
// 标题
.setSummaryText(
"SummaryText"
)
.bigText(
"Big Text!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
+
"!!!!!!!!!!!"
+
"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
);
// 内容
Notification.Builder builder2 =
new
Notification.Builder(
MainActivity.
this
);
builder2.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.icon);
// 小图标
// 大图标
builder2.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(
this
.getResources(), R.drawable.close));
builder2.setTicker(
"showBigView_Text"
)
.setContentInfo(
"contentInfo"
);
builder2.setStyle(textStyle);
builder2.setAutoCancel(
true
);
notificationManager.notify(
0
, builder2.build());
break
;
case
R.id.but5:
//大布局通知在4.1以后才能使用,大布局图片
Notification.BigPictureStyle bigPictureStyle =
new
Notification.BigPictureStyle();
bigPictureStyle.bigPicture(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.back));
Notification.Builder builder4 =
new
Notification.Builder(
MainActivity.
this
);
builder4.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.icon);
// 小图标
// 大图标
builder4.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(
this
.getResources(), R.drawable.close));
builder4.setTicker(
"showBigView_Picture"
)
.setContentInfo(
"contentInfo"
);
builder4.setStyle(bigPictureStyle);
builder4.setAutoCancel(
true
);
notificationManager.notify(
0
, builder4.build());
break
;
case
R.id.but6:
//大布局通知在4.1以后才能使用，InboxStyle
Notification.InboxStyle inboxStyle =
new
Notification.InboxStyle();
inboxStyle.setBigContentTitle(
"InboxStyle"
);
inboxStyle.setSummaryText(
"Test"
);
for
(
int
i =
0
;i<
5
;i++){
inboxStyle.addLine(
"new:"
+i);
}
Notification.Builder builder5 =
new
Notification.Builder(
MainActivity.
this
);
builder5.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.icon);
// 小图标
// 大图标
builder5.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(
this
.getResources(), R.drawable.close));
builder5.setTicker(
"showBigView_InboxStyle"
)
.setContentInfo(
"contentInfo"
);
builder5.setStyle(inboxStyle);
builder5.setAutoCancel(
true
);
notificationManager.notify(
0
, builder5.build());
break
;
}
}
@Override
protected
void
onDestroy() {
super
.onDestroy();
// 取消广播接收
this
.unregisterReceiver(broadcastReceiver);
}
/**
* 自定义Notification
*/
public
void
MyNotification() {
RemoteViews remoteViews =
new
RemoteViews(getPackageName(),
R.layout.form);
remoteViews.setTextViewText(R.id.tv_form, remoteViewsText);
Intent intent2 =
new
Intent(MainActivity.NEWS_LISTEN);
// 使用广播，所以INTENT必须用getBroadcast方法
PendingIntent pendingIntent2 = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
MainActivity.
this
,
1
, intent2,
PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
// 绑定
remoteViews.setOnClickPendingIntent(R.id.but_form, pendingIntent2);
Notification.Builder builderMain =
new
Notification.Builder(
MainActivity.
this
);
builderMain
.setContent(remoteViews)
.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.icon)
.setLargeIcon(
BitmapFactory.decodeResource(
this
.getResources(),
R.drawable.open)).setOngoing(
true
)
.setTicker(
"music is playing"
);
notificationManager.notify(
0
, builderMain.build());
}
// 广播接收器(自定义Notification使用到)
BroadcastReceiver broadcastReceiver =
new
BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public
void
onReceive(Context c, Intent intent) {
if
(intent.getAction().equals(NEWS_LISTEN)) {
remoteViewsText =
"已点击"
;
MyNotification();
}
}
};
}
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activity_main.xml
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<linearlayout android:layout_height=
"match_parent"
android:layout_width=
"match_parent"
android:orientation=
"vertical"
tools:context=
"${relativePackage}.${activityClass}"
xmlns:android=
"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools=
"http://schemas.android.com/tools"
><button android:id=
"@+id/but"
android:layout_height=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_width=
"fill_parent"
android:onclick=
"click"
android:text=
"notification one"
></button><button android:id=
"@+id/but2"
android:layout_height=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_width=
"fill_parent"
android:onclick=
"click"
android:text=
"notification two"
></button><button android:id=
"@+id/but3"
android:layout_height=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_width=
"fill_parent"
android:onclick=
"click"
android:text=
"notification three"
></button><button android:id=
"@+id/but4"
android:layout_height=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_width=
"fill_parent"
android:onclick=
"click"
android:text=
"notification four"
></button><button android:id=
"@+id/but5"
android:layout_height=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_width=
"fill_parent"
android:onclick=
"click"
android:text=
"notification five"
></button><button android:id=
"@+id/but6"
android:layout_height=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_width=
"fill_parent"
android:onclick=
"click"
android:text=
"notification six"
></button></linearlayout>
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form.xml（自定义通知的样式）
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<!--?xml version=
"1.0"
encoding=
"utf-8"
?-->
<linearlayout android:layout_height=
"match_parent"
android:layout_width=
"match_parent"
android:orientation=
"vertical"
xmlns:android=
"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
><button android:id=
"@+id/but_form"
android:layout_height=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_width=
"wrap_content"
android:text=
"嘻嘻"
>
<textview android:id=
"@+id/tv_form"
android:layout_height=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_width=
"fill_parent"
android:text=
"无"
>
</textview></button></linearlayout>
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SecondActivity.java 只是一个activity。
实例的创建与设置
//api 16
PendingIntent p = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent(this,MainActivity.class), 0);
notification = new Notification.Builder(this)
// .addAction(icon, "拉下后的标题", p)//在这条通知下面添加一个icon图标button，点击触发p事件，例如 phone的挂断
.setContentTitle("拉下后的标题")
.setContentText("第一行内容")
// .setContent(RemoteViews)//自定义的remoteviews
// .setFullScreenIntent(p, true)//不会再通知栏直接显示，但拉下后可以显示内容 Only for use with extremely high-priority notifications demanding the user's immediate attention, such as an incoming phone call or alarm clock that the user has explicitly set to a particular time.
// .setDeleteIntent(null)// 通知消失时的动作
// .setContentIntent(p)//点击的动作 相当于点击button
// .setLights(new Color().BLACK, 1000, 1000)//俺的手机不支持..无反应
// .setNumber(22)//
// .setOngoing(true)//不能被用户x掉，会一直显示，如音乐播放等
// .setPriority(2)//优先级
// .setProgress(max, progress, indeterminate)//进度条
// .setSound(uri)//声音提示
// .setSound(sound, streamType)//科设置 streamtype
// .setStyle(style)//style设置 http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Notification.Style.html
// .setVibrate(long[])//设置震动
.setOnlyAlertOnce(true)//一次而已
.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.page)//落下前显示的图标
.setSubText("第二行内容"+"\n"+"!!!!!!!!!!")
.setContentInfo("额外的内容")//添加到了右下角
// .setShowWhen(true)//是否允许setwhen
.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis()+300)//何时通知 这里延迟了300ms，前提设置了setshowwher
.setTicker("直接在标题栏显示的通知", null)
.setLargeIcon(
BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),
R.drawable.ic_launcher))//落下后显示的图标
.build();//生成实例 api 16后不再使用getNotification（）使用
mNotificationManager.notify(R.drawable.ic_launcher, notification);
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